Towards health with justice : litigation and public ininquiries as tools for tobacco control

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CONTENTS

FORWORD by Dr Hussein A. Gezairy .……….. 4

INTRODUCTION by Dr Derek Yach .………. 6

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..………. 8

I. INTRODUCTION .………... 12

WHO and the Tobacco Free Initiative ………….……….. 13

The Amman Consultation .……….. 14

II. FIFTY YEARS IN THE COURTS: A BRIEF HISTORY OF TOBACCO LITIGATION IN THE UNITED STATES ..………... 16

First Wave .………... 16

The Second Wave ..……….. 16

Scorching the Earth ....……….……… 18

Crack in the Wall ....….……… 19

New Wave .……….. 21

Government Actions ….……….. 25

Class Actions ..……….. 27

Individual Actions in the Third Wave ……..……….. 29

Other Third Wave Litigation .………. 31

Upshot .………. 32

III. LITIGATION: THE GLOBAL EXPERIENCE ..………. 33

IV. STARTING POINT: INDUSTRY DOCUMENTS ..………. 44

V. PUBLIC INQUIRIES AS A MANAGEABLE ALTERNATIVE ..……… 47

VI. CHOICES AND DECISIONS: A LITIGATION TOPOGRAPHY ……… 51

VII. LITIGATION: LESSONS LEARNED ………. 60

VIII. STEPS FORWARD ……… 64

IX. CONCLUSION ………. 67

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ……….. 68

ANNEX ……..……….. 69