Furthermore, I would like to thank my family members for their continuous understanding and support which has given the strength to move forward in producing this paper with a focused mind. Finally, I would like to thank my company, NetSol Technologies, my employer, who had provided as much time off as I needed to work on this paper. However, since the majority of communication is non-verbal (Sugiharto, SH. MM, 2013; Colta, A. S., 2010), the purpose of this research is to find out its impact on the authority of other people at work.
For this purpose, qualitative research approach is used by personal interviews with different people according to their age group, nationality, positions (entry level, managerial, executive), industry, types of companies (private organization, NGO, embassy) and level of experience. work. It was found that everyone is aware and uses non-verbal communication to gain charisma and authority at work. Non-verbal elements are used differently based on the audience; Serious with boss and customers, casual and friendly with colleagues and authoritative with subordinates and vendors. The research also went on to find out the charismatic body language, manner of speaking and manner of dressing perceived by entry-level, managerial and executive level employees.
However, there is no other person at the same level of authority as the business owners in the company. Employees, on the other hand, face entirely different kinds of challenges, and it becomes even more interesting how the most dominant challenges revolve around people they work with, be it their supervisors, colleagues, or subordinates.
Scope of study
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Types of power
- Charismatic leadership
- Gain power at work
- Show confidence
- Keep your boss happy
- Don't get upset or angry
- Stop worrying about being liked
- Pay attention to the tone of voice
- Become comfortable with silence
- Use of power poses
- Non-verbal elements
- Kinesics
- Paralanguage
- Physical contact
- Physical characteristics
- Environment
- Proxemics
- Gap in studies
It is the right granted by the organization, by virtue of position, to control and influence the behavior of subordinates in lower positions. Expert power: This is gained through expertise in a specific area that is considered valuable by others. Following, figure 2.1, is the framework of power sources that summarizes this section of the literature review.
In fact, charisma is considered one of the main reasons why Obama won the election (Bacharach S. B. 2012; Phillips B. 2012). On the contrary, the support of the superior, if others are also informed about it, helps to increase the level of authority towards others, since the additional factor, the authority of the boss, is also transferred to the level of authority of the employee (Barker, E. 2014). Related to the point above is the use of tone of voice, which should be declarative statements, and the use of a question should be used exclusively to ask questions.
It is essential for a person that people perceive him in the way he wishes, and his attitude can determine the way people think about the person. In fact, it is so manipulative that it also subconsciously changes the way a person thinks about themselves. Another example of the effective use of nonverbal communication concerns dressing for the job one wants.
It is not just a matter of putting on new clothes, but a process of internalizing one's goals and dreams (Green, R.K. 2013). Kinesics, generally called 'body language', consists of movements of the hands, arms, head, legs, changes in posture, gestures, eye movements and the like. It is a very essential part of nonverbal communication because people tend to notice the obvious things first (e.g. gender, race) and then notice the attractiveness, and it is not surprising that physically attractive people are generally better perceived.
As people surround themselves with things that are important and meaningful to them, the environment communicates the person's character (Sugiharto, S. M. 2013).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
Data Collection Methodology
- Population
- Sampling
- Data collection
Data were collected through face-to-face and telephone interviews with semi-structured and open-ended interview questions, allowing respondents to elaborate on each question. Before the interview, the researcher explained about the non-verbal elements for the respondents to be able to answer the questions effectively.
Instrument
- Demographic
- What one likes in a charisma leader and association on non-verbal elements
- Awareness of non-verbal elements at work
- Use and effectiveness of power poses or body postures at work
- Use of non-verbal elements to different target groups
- The charismatic body language, way of speaking, and way of dressing
Do you think non-verbal elements played an important role in creating charisma in a person? How important do you think the art of delivery is compared to the content itself. In your organization, whether intentionally or unintentionally, do you have any nonverbal elements that help you be respected, admired, or authoritative.
Do you notice that any person in your organization intentionally or unintentionally uses nonverbal elements that help them to be respected, admired, or authoritative. Do you have any special power positions or body positions that you use in certain situations (eg talking to colleagues, negotiating business, talking to subordinates, etc.). What are the strongest non-verbal signals (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, dress code, posture, etc.) to talk to your boss.
What are the most powerful non-verbal elements (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, dress code, posture, etc.) for a conversation with your colleague of the same level. What are the most powerful non-verbal elements (gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, dress code, posture, etc.) for a conversation with your subordinates. The person whose body language you think has more authority at work and over other people in an organization.
The person of which way of speaking you think may have more authority at work and over other people. The person of what kind of clothing you think may have more authority at work and over other people in an organization.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Demographic profiles of respondents
Observation findings
- What one likes in a charismatic leader and the contribution of non- verbal elements?
- Awareness of non-verbal elements at work
- Use and effectiveness of power poses or body postures at work Body posture, one of the non-verbal elements, was further explored to
- Use of non-verbal elements to boss
- Use of non-verbal elements to colleagues of the same level
- Use of non-verbal elements to subordinates
- The charismatic body language
- The charismatic way of speaking
- The charismatic way of dressing
All respondents agreed that non-verbal elements played a major role in making leaders charismatic and possessing a referent power in them. The non-verbal elements identified as the main source of charisma were the use and control of facial expressions to suit situations and also the precision and confidence when leaders spoke. All three levels of employees were aware of the nonverbal elements that they and the people around them use intentionally or unintentionally at work.
When he meets clients, he also dresses for the occasion in a suit and tie to convey professionalism. Most respondents (6 out of 7) referred to the pose to use during important conversations with their clients. The purpose of such a stance during meetings was to communicate nonverbally to the clients that the respondents cared and were interested in what the clients were saying.
All three levels of employees use non-verbal elements, and in very similar ways, when talking to their bosses. Great importance was given to eye contact with the boss to show confidence, less use of hand movement so as not to be perceived as nervous or too excited, and to maintain distance to avoid making the boss feel uncomfortable. All three levels of employees use non-verbal elements, and in very similar ways, when talking to their colleagues of the same level.
An example given by one respondent was pointing at the clock to tell her colleague that he had been waiting for a long time. The study of the use of non-verbal elements when talking with subordinates was only done for the management and executive level respondents as the entry level respondents did not have any subordinates working under them. In this case, managerial and executive level employees use very similar non-verbal elements when speaking to subordinates, where the sole purpose was to appear commanding and authoritative.
The way of dressing that was considered charismatic by all three levels of employees was the same, with the most important aspect being to dress neatly, not necessarily too formal, and appropriate to the profession and situation.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- Gaining referent power over subordinates
- Gaining referent power over colleagues of the same level
- Gaining referent power over boss
- Gaining referent power over others outside the organization This results included the effective use of non-verbal elements over clients
- Limitations
- Suggestions for further research
It is also considered to speak precisely and to dress smartly and appropriately for the profession and situation as adding charismatic values for employees at all levels. Everyone is an organization that perceives non-verbal elements, from entry level, to management level, to executive level. Managers like to be authoritative and commanding over their subordinates and this is conveyed in all non-verbal elements of the managers, from tone of voice to facial expression, who can get things done by force, but they don't get admired for getting things done can get by will.
Therefore, it is recommended that leaders do the opposite and be soft with their subordinates. Dressing smart means not being too formal and with a sense of fashion that suits the job and the situation. In order to exercise lateral leadership, which is leading without legitimate authority given by the company in the form of title or position (Sloane, P. 2014), it is essential to obtain referent power to the colleagues, who would then consider the leader as the leader of their group .
For a boss, showing authority and command in the work of a leader and self-confidence are the keys to gaining referential power. Therefore, managers must be very careful with their facial expressions and try to maintain a poker face when talking to their boss. In order to increase the relevance of the results to the population, further research can be conducted that includes respondents not only from international companies or international organizations, but also from local Thai companies without the influence of foreign workers.
Also, all respondents in this research were customer-facing employees who had to communicate with people outside their organizations, but it would be interesting to know the use and effectiveness of non-verbal communication for back-office employees. The influence of culture has not been studied, as different cultures have different rules regarding and interpretation of non-verbal elements (Sugiharto, S. M. 2013). Certain non-verbal elements, such as touch or high volume, may be more or less acceptable and interpreted differently in different cultures.
Similarly, the influence of P-Types was also not studied to find out how employees of the same level, but of different P-types, communicate non-verbally and to find out which non-verbal communication modes are charismatic and with influence.
Hentet 13. november 2014 fra http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/personal-power- referent-and-expert-power.html#lesson. Hentet 14. november 2014 fra http://untemplater.com/self- improvement/how-to-gain-authority-at-work-and-get-more-respect/.
