CMU Intellectual Repository: Salt-tolerant indices development through Ion Homeostasis defensive mechanisms in Thai ricevarieties (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) = การพัฒนาดัชนีบ่งชี้ความสามารถทนเค็มผ่านระบบอิออนโฮมิโอสเตซีสในข้าวสายพันธุ์ไทย (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica) / Thippawan Trakunyingcharoen

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Thesis Title Salt-tolerant Indices Development Through Ion Homeostasis Defensive Mechanisms in Thai Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica)

Author Miss. Thippawan Trakunyingcharoen Degree Master of Science (Biotechnology)

Thesis Advisory Committee Assoc. Prof. Dr. Prasartporn Smitamana Chairperson

Dr. Suriyan Cha-Um Member

ABSTRACT

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is one of the major important staple foods as a primary source calories uptake for world population, especially in Asia. Nowadays, soil salinity was one of the critical environmental stresses which effected on plant growth and productivity in terms of osmotic stress and ionic stress. Ion homeostasis is one of the vital mechanisms for plant survival by compartmentalizing excess cytosolic sodium ions into the vacuoles to prevent cell damage through tonoplast Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter (NHX) which was energized by membrane proton pumps. In this study, activity of various enzymes, OsNHX transcription level, and physiological characteristics of rice during sodium chloride stress were determined. The activity of vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) and plasma membrane adenosine triphosphatase (P-ATPase) could play a major role, while, vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase (V- ATPase) might be a minor role in salt tolerant capability in both leaf and root of all

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rice varieties. Furthermore, the vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter was one of many defense mechanisms to maintain ionic balance during salt stress. The expression level of four isoforms of OsNHX were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and the results showed that OsNHX1and OsNHX3transcripts may play an important role for tolerance to salt in rice leaf especially OsNHX1. Interestingly, the expression level of all OsNHXisoforms in leaf was found to be higher than root during salinity stress. In addition, under salinity environment, the degree of induction of OsNHX1 transcript in root was stronger than leaf. Moreover, this investigation showed that salt stress induced the water potential (<w) reduction in both root and leaf of all rice varieties especially in salt sensitive rice (IR29) while salt tolerance rice (Pokkali) effectively maintained root water potential during salt stress. The degradation of photosynthetic pigments was found in all rice varieties especially in IR29, KDML105 and PT1 rice.

The pigments concentration maintenance was effectively determined in Pokkali and Homjan rice. Taken together, these results suggested that KDML105 and Pathumthani1 utilized the same mechanism to fight against salt as the salt sensitive rice same as IR29 while Homjan and Pokkali responded to NaCl with similar processes.

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