INTRODUCTION
Background and Significance
The city of Khon Kaen is one of the most modernized areas in the northeast of Thailand. The city of Khon Kaen is located in a province in the center of northeastern Thailand with many outstanding features.
Objective of the Research
It aims to solve the city's problems systematically and with a clear direction. Therefore, the development of partnership between the public and private sectors under government policy is studied here.
Research Questions
It analyzes the City of Khon Kaen because it is a model of urban development partnership involving the public and private sectors. This research further looks for the origins of how the project was started, with its problems and challenges, so that Khon Kaen can be a case study for other cities planning similar projects. is about collaboration, interest and risk management, strengths and weaknesses, and obstacles.
Literature Review
It will shed light on the partnership between the public and private sectors, risk management and interests expected of many sectors. Any project, whether public, private or partnership between the two, must be accountable to external sectors.
Research Methodology
Partnership with the private sector can be arranged so that the resources are used for the greatest possible benefit for the population. However, this concept insists that the public and private sectors can cooperate so that society receives the greatest benefit.
Scope of the Research
Since then they have participated in the urban development project together with the public sector and the project has been launched for some time. Due to the rapid speed of its economic growth, the city is also experiencing similar velocity.
Contribution
Scope in relation to population and area: This research studies the urban development of Khon Kaen, as it is considered to be the one with the highest – a big leap of – economic growth in the northeastern region.
Definition of Terms
This research examines the urban development of Khon Kaen, as it is considered the one with the highest – a quantum leap – economic growth in the northeastern region.
The Structure of the Thesis
The project was initiated by people in the private sector and local administrative organizations in Khon Kaen city. Khon Kaen City Development, Co, LTD (KKTC) is not part of the working group of Khon Kaen Transit System, Co, LTD (KKTS).
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Concept of Public - Private Partnership ( PPP )
- Definitions and Components of Public - Private Partnerships
- Models of Public - Private Partnerships
- Public Activities Jointly Organized between the Public and Private
- Values and Applications for Public Sector Management
- Risk Allocation
- Differences between the Public and Private Sectors
However, the private sector must compete to be selected by the public sector. Sanni conceptualized the factors influencing success into two groups: the public sector and the private sector.
Urban Regime Theory
- Definition of Regime
- Regime Components
- Types of Regime
- Core Criteria of the Urban Regime Theory
- Limitations of the Urban Regime Theory
Employees in the private sector tend to achieve organizational goals more than those in the public sector. Urban Regime Theory demonstrates to us the relationship between the public and private sectors in the exchange or sharing of resources.
The Agency Theory
As a result, this cooperation between the public and private sectors can meet the goals of both parties. In the role of agencies in pushing for public policies, they must involve the public sector in a process that tends to control agencies, or prefer to follow the top-down operational guidelines specified by the state.
Implementation of Policies Using the Top - down and Bottom - up Approach
- Top - down Approach
- Bottom - up Approach
This shows that the government is at the top level of policy implementation and has great power to implement policy. It can be concluded that the top-down approach emphasizes the government and higher officials.
Decentralization
These problems hinder decentralization growth in Thailand and may hinder local administrative organizations prepared to provide public services to local people to effectively conduct operations. Although local management organizations are decentralized by the state and cannot avoid following the guidelines set by the state, this does not mean that they cannot initiate an approach that differs from traditional approaches, e.g.
Social Capital
Regarding the concept of social relations leading to social capital, social capital models related to social capital are created. Although social capital leads to change from traditional practices, cooperation should be verified by the affected people and external persons in accordance with the concept of good governance.
Good Governance
It is noticeable that the Office of the Public Administration Commission interprets good governance differently. Another definition that is close to that of the Office of the Public Administration Commission is that “good governance refers to good administration.
Urban Development Approach
- Definition of Urban Development
- Importance of Urban Development
- Urban Development Concept
- Examples of City Development
The importance of urban development is partly to prevent cities from growing without direction. According to the examples of urban development in developing countries, most development revolves around infrastructure to meet the demands and upgrade the quality of life for city dwellers.
Conceptual Framework
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Scope of the Research
This research analyzes the partnership between the public and private sectors in urbanization, focusing on development, the role of the public and private sectors, the characteristics and success of investments between the two actors. Nowadays, according to the government's development policy, the partnership between public and private sectors in urban development is attracting the attention of many provinces with similar plans. The city of Khon Kaen is one of the very first cities to adopt the concept of urban development, focusing on basic public transport infrastructure.
It is therefore urgent to find solutions to these problems of the city, especially those of traffic, as it is becoming more serious and may hinder the development of the city in the future.
Methodology
- Target Groups
- Data Collection Methods
Not only because good public transport will help solve traffic problems, it will also make it easier for people and businesses in the area. rounded and different aspects of information. The thesis examines the public-private partnership in the urban development project of Khon Kaen, which is one of the first cities to undertake such a plan. In-depth interview as a part of data collection is a tool that helps in obtaining information in this research.
The participants were from related sectors; six participants from local governments, four from the private sector, four from the public sector, one from mass media and one from academia.
Data Analysis
KHON KAEN CITY CONTEXT AND KHON KAEN CITY
General Information about Khon Kaen Province
Khon Kaen Province is located in the central part of the Northeast region, approximately 445 kilometers from Bangkok. Thus, Khon Kaen province has been overseen and included in the government's development plan since the 1960s. In addition to being part of the Economic Corridors of the Greater Mekong Subregion, Khon Kaen is also the chosen location for the construction of a "Port of Dry".
Although the Dry Port project is not located in Mueang Khon Kaen District, it is in the district adjacent to Mueang Khon Kaen District (in the northern part).
Khon Kaen City Context
Meanwhile, Khon Kaen was designated as the center for medicine and the international conference (Pisut Anutaraangkul, personal communication, February 13, 2019). Additionally, Khon Kaen City currently has a variety of mass transit systems, ranging from buses, trains, and airplanes. In addition, the roads to Khon Kaen town are designed to facilitate drivers with wide traffic lanes.
Thus, people from both near and far provinces are drawn to Khon Kaen town.
The Transformation of Khon Kaen City into a Smart City with Light Rail
- Background of Khon Kaen City Development
- Khon Kaen City Development Concept
- Driving Khon Kaen City Development
The transformation of Khon Kaen city into a smart city has been placed on the national agenda for urgent implementation. Therefore, civil society organized a brainstorming session to provide a guideline for Khon Kaen's urban development. As a result, both parties (the public and private sectors) began to cooperate in realizing the concept of Khon Kaen's urban development.
Somsak Jangtrakul, Governor of Khon Kaen, was accompanied by representatives of related public agencies.
The Involvement of the Public and Private Sector in Khon Kaen City
- The Private Sector
- The Public Sector ( Local Administrative Organizations )
As for the private sector, there are 15 business entities in Khon Kaen Province who are co-founders of Khon Kaen City Development (KKTT) Co., Ltd. and 7 consultants. That is why they are the new generation entrepreneurs who came together to establish Khon Kaen City Development (KKTT) Co., Ltd. Regarding the selection of executives of Khon Kaen Transit System Co., Ltd., the executives would be selected by all 5 municipalities that are shareholders of the company (Second private sector representative, personal communication, May 21, 2019).
The third private sector representative explained the role of Khon Kaen Transit System Co., Ltd., stating that the company is the operator of the LRT project, but not the contractor or concessionaire.
The Light Rail Transit ( LRT ) Project
- General Information of the LRT Project
- Current and Future Situation
Thus, the business operators under the name of Khon Kaen City Development (KKTT) Co., Ltd. Various aspects of Khon Kaen city development were planned, including the development of the public transport system, or LRT construction. Investment in the Khon Kaen City Development Project can also help expand business opportunities.
This demonstrates the advantages of the Khon Kaen City Development Project, which are hardly seen elsewhere.
ANALYSIS
Khon Kaen City and City Development
Currently, Khon Kaen is one of the provinces in the northeast with a high population and population density. Additionally, there are overcrowded communities in the Khon Kaen City Municipality area, with a total of 13 communities and 1,792 households (Khon Kaen Municipality, 2016). The smart city concept as applied in Khon Kaen City, according to Mr.
Khon Kaen City has also created an environmental plan as part of its development of the city.
Urban Development of Khon Kaen City
Therefore, the city of Khon Kaen is one of the few primary provinces that request to carry out city development financed by their own budget. The driving force of Khon Kaen city development is therefore a bottom-up approach, as shown in the figure below. The LRT construction project, as part of Khon Kaen city development, was found to use a brand new approach.
In the case of the city of Khon Kaen, in addition to driving a public project by the local community, the participation of local residents in all sectors is also interesting.
Urban Development under a Partnership between the Public and Private
- The Private Sector ’ s Accessibility to Resources
- The Public and Private Sectors in Khon Kaen City
- The Partnership Between the Public and Private Sectors
- Remarks from the Study on the Partnership between the Public and
- Risk
- Benefits
This is because when the project approaches the construction phase, the private sector is represented by Khon Kaen City Development (KKTT) Co., Ltd. Meanwhile, 5 Municipalities are in the capacity of the public sector that oversees Khon Kaen Transit System Co., Ltd., or KKTS. However, the private sector has authorized the local administrative organizations to supervise Khon Kaen Transit System Co., Ltd.
Especially regarding the construction and assembly of the LRT, some co-founders of Khon Kaen City Development (KKTT) Co., Ltd.
Factors Enabling Khon Kaen City to Drive the Urban Development Project 170
This urban development in the form of the Khon Kaen model is the first of its kind. This thesis examines the operation of the city of Khon Kaen's urban development project to transform the city into a smart city. The city of Khon Kaen is located in the center of the northeastern region of the country.
The five local administrations managed the project through the Khon Kaen Transit System Co.
CONCLUSION
Research Findings
Khon Kaen City therefore uses the auction method to find private sector players interested in participating in the construction of the LRT. Eventually, the Light Rail Transit (LRT) will become the property of the Khon Kaen municipalities under the control of the five local governments. Project risks can be divided into risks for the public and risks for the private sectors.
Although construction of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) in Khon Kaen has not yet started, initiatives are coming from many sectors.
Discussion of the Research Findings
Policy Recommendations
Limitations of the Research
