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2109101 ª´»Äµª·«ª¦¦¤
Stainless Steels & Non-ferrous Alloys
“ ”
Metal Alloys
Ferrous Nonferrous
Steels Cast Irons
Low Alloy Gray
Iron
Ductile (nodular)
iron
White Iron
Malleable iron High Alloy
Low Carbon Medium-Carbon High- Carbon
Plain Plain Plain Tool Stainless
ϠμΕΩιϗϧ 2 wt.% C
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·¥µ¤Á®¨ÈÁÁ¨
¨»n¤Ã¨®³¤Á®¨È (Fe) ¸Éµµ¦´¦n°
¤¸Ã¦Á¤¸¥¤ (Cr) ¤°¥nµo°¥ 10.5%
¨³°µ¤¸µ»°ºÉ¤ Án
·Á·¨ (Ni) ¤µ¸ (Mn) 䨷·´¤ (Mo) ŵÁ¸¥¤ (Ti) ÅðÁ¸¥¤ (Nb) ´Á (W) °Â (Cu) ÅæÁ (N)
²¨²
Ânµ¤nª¤Á¤¸
13%Cr, 17%Cr, 18-8 Stainless Steel Ânµ¤»¤´·¨
Creep resistant stainless steel, High strength stainless steel Ânµ¤°»®£¼¤·µ¦Äoµ
Heat resisting stainless steel
Ânµ¤¨´¬³¨·£´r»oµ¥n°µ¦Äoµ
Stainless steel castings, stainless steel sheet, stainless steel for hot and cold forgings
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Martensitic stainless steel, Ferritic stainless steel, Austenitic stainless steel, Duplex stainless steel, Precipitation hardening stainless steel
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Stainless Steels
Ferritic Stainless Steel BCC - 409L, 430, 439
Austenitic Stainless Steel FCC - 201, 202, 304, 316
Martensitic Stainless Steel BCT - 410, 420, 431
Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel (PH) FCC & BCT
- 17-7 PH, 15-7 Mo, AM-350, AM-355, H-Family Duplex Stainless Steel BCC + FCC 50:50
- 318, 327
Effect of alloying elements on microstructure
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Æ D
Æ J
Stainless Steels
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(Cast Metals&Alloys)
!" (Wrought Metals&Alloys)
ϣσΕϟύλϗτωσϔΣ, σϓΣϟνΝλϡχύϒξόσ
άλϖζσϗτϛϟιΣηϖΣ ϟύλϗτω, λϬϔσϔΤϘϨλ
υϛνιϔΩΣχϣζΖζϗ σϓΣσϗϟρόϟζϗτω ύυϙϏσϗϟρόιϗϧόϏΩϢλ
νυϖσϔεηϧϬϔ
#$: Wrought Alloys
!%" AA (Aluminum Association)
&' 4 (
z 1xxx : Pure Al 2xxx : Al-Cu
z 3xxx : Al-Mn 4xxx : Al-Si
z 5xxx : Al-Mg 6xxx : Al-Mg-Si
z 7xxx : Al-Zn
)#!(!(" (Temper Designations) '$(* F, O, H, T
άϚμϠΤϦΩϣζΖ (άϚμϠΤϦΩηΣ
ηϒΣϏλ)
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#$: Wrought Alloys
)#!(!(" (Temper Designations)
z F : As Fabricated
z O : Annealed and Recrystallized
z H : Strain-hardened
z T : Solution Treated and Aged
z $#$$$!(!("'$( & T6, T7
!+ '
z ($ 6063-T6
#$: Cast Alloys
: '$"$ (Sand Mould
Casting), '$, (Permanent Mould Casting/ Gravity Die Casting), '$(
(Die Casting/ High Pressure Die Casting)
& #$
z 1xx : Pure Al 2xx : Al-Cu
z 3xx : Al-Si, Cu/Mg 4xx : Al-Si
z 5xx : Al-Mg 7xx : Al-Zn 8xx : Al-Sn
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"
( ,.-. 8.8
#$ !"'#
!(!("' $) .//0# (sensitive # ) .' #
"
" !+ "#1 *$2 .&' 13- ! )&
!433( " '3," 51#!25 2
"1. (
<5%)!+ "#1, .&' !")6 ( "' )
!+ 7 &' ' .//0 .'
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"
" = Cu + Zn ( 30%)
z !8(#"#1
z ".1!(, , !82//0,
52 = Cu + )1 9
z 52# (#$ 52//(
z 52#$ # "
('& ), !$/"
#5#$
#5#$ ,.-. 1.7
$, ' , '
$ ( &'/(52 )
' HCP ! !,'# ( !'
)( (# #$
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"" #$
"" #$ ,.-. 4.5
!+ "#1# Strength to Weight Ratio
# : (7 ! D (HCP) Æ E (BCC) "#1 883°C
3 1675°C
" ( #
'"(8% 1.
&' ' (Ti-6Al-4V)
!+ ((&#%-
NonFerrous Alloys
• Cu Alloys
Brass : Zn: subst. solute atom (costume jewelry, coins,
corrosion resistant)
Bronze : Sn, Al, Si, Ni are subst. solute atom
(bushings, landing gear)
Cu-Be:
precip. hardened for strength
• Al Alloys
-lower U: 2.7g/cm 3
-Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Zn additions -solid sol. or precip.
strengthened (struct.
aircraft parts
& packaging)
• Mg Alloys
-very low U: 1.7g/cm3 -ignites easily
-aircraft, missles
• Refractory metals
-high melting T
• Ti Alloys
-lower U: 4.5g/cm 3
NONFERROUS ALLOYS
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ϡχύϒλϏΣΣχϚΕσϟύχϦΣ ιϏΩϠζΩ
-λϬϔϣρρΑϔ/ΦωϔσυΖϏλζϗσϔΣ ύλϓΣ (8.9) -ιλΣϔυΣϓζΣυΕϏλ
ιϏΩϟύχϙϏΩ = ιϏΩϠζΩ + όϓΩΣϒόϗ
-ϠΤϦΩ ιϬϔμϚά υϏΩϟπχϔ ϑχϑ
μυϏλέΙ
= ιϏΩϠζΩ + ζϗμϚΣ
-ιλΣϔυΣϓζΣυΕϏλζϗΣωΕϔ ιϏΩϟύχϙϏΩ
Ϗϒχϛσϖϟλϗτσ
-λϬϔϣρρΑϔ/ΦωϔσυΖϏλζϗ ϟμϔ (2.7) -ϣσΕϟνΝλόλϖσ
-ϏϒχϛσϖϟλϗτσμυϖόϚικϖϫ- ιϬϔρϏτχΙ ϑχϑ
ξόσκϔηϚ Si, Mg, Cu
-χΖϏϠσϦΣ άϖϨλόΕωλϟΦυϙϧϏΩτληΙ
ϠσΣλϗϟέϗτσ
-ϟμϔσϔΣ(1.7) -άϖϨλόΕωλϏϔΣϔϊτϔλ
ϡχύϒιλϣρ
-ΪϚζύχϏσϟύχωόϛΩσϔΣ -Nb, Mo, W, Ta
ϡχύϒσϗΦΕϔ
-ϟΩϖλ ιϏΩ Ϡπχιηϖλϓσ -ιλΣϔυΣϓζΣυΕϏλζϗ
ϣιϟιϟλϗτσ
-ϟμϔ (4.5)
-ιλΣϔυΣϓζΣυΕϏλζϗ -ΦωϔσϠΤϦΩϠυΩόϛΩ -άϖϨλόΕωλτϔλϏωΣϔϊ
High Temperature Materials
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Superalloys:
For High temperature applications (650-1200ºC)
Iron base superalloys Cobalt base superalloys Nickel base superalloys
- High Temp Corrosion/Oxidation resistance
- High Temp Strength Applications
WHY SUPERALLOYS ?
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High Strength at high temperatures
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Good Tensile, Fatigue, Creep Strength
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Good hot oxidation and hot corrosion resistances
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Good thermal fatigue resistance ĺ They are mainly used at elevated
temperatures with various loads and
atmospheres depended on type and
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COURSE NEVER
STAYS THE SAME,
IT ALWAYS GETS
HARDER” !!!
