Participated in a talk show with the head of the Jakarta Health Service on the issue of tobacco and poverty. Work plan developed and approved for “Tobacco and Poverty Research: Studies in Cameroon, Mali, and Senegal.”.
Making the Tobacco and Poverty Link
Results from Research for Advocacy Projects in Africa,
Asia, and Latin America
Making the Tobacco and Poverty Link
Results from Research for Advocacy Projects in Africa, Asia, and Latin
America
We would also like to thank the large number of non-governmental organizations, government agencies, other organizations and individuals who participated in ten surveys. Without all of them, and without their enthusiasm and commitment to the issues of tobacco and poverty, this book - and all the research that supports it - would not have been possible.
1 Introduction
- Purpose of this book
- Tobacco and poverty as a development issue hile significant advances have been made and
- Research for advocacy
- Overview of Results Achieved
A focus of the advocacy efforts has been the ways in which tobacco control policies could complement poverty reduction policies and strategies. Tobacco and poverty research is an important mechanism to support advocacy campaigns for stronger tobacco control laws and policies.
2 Conducting Tobacco and Poverty Advocacy Research
Overview
Approaches and methodologies
In Cameroon, the researchers drew data on smoking prevalence and poverty rates from business statistics and from the 2007 ECAM3 (Troisième Enquête Camerounaise aupres des Ménages – Third Cameroon Household Survey) conducted by the Cameroon National Institute of Statistics. The researchers used a cross-sectional population sample based on what was known about the population in 2008 (it was assumed that there were no major changes in population structure between 2008 and 2010). The team then observed 180 tendu climbers on site, conducted 25 unstructured interviews and 4 focus group discussions with tendu.
The second phase of the literature review focused on different aspects of tobacco production and consumption in Peru. Twelve of the interviews were conducted in Lima, and six in the other two cities.
3 Results from Tobacco and Poverty Research for Advocacy Studies
Tobacco expenditures, opportunity costs, and financial impacts on lowincome families
According to data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. Several previous studies have included initial explorations of the socio-economic implication of tobacco consumption in Bangladesh. The latest national epidemiological study found that 18.4% of the population aged 12 to 64 years smoked in the previous 30 days.
Presenting calories rather than portions allows a comparison of the potential impact of tobacco expenditures on poverty-related malnutrition. Each of the 7.2 million malnourished children under the age of five could have one glass of milk daily; OR.
Tobacco agriculture and production
The government has virtually no control over bidi factory owners in the area. More than fifty percent of bidi rollers in Jharkhand have fallen ill recently; the majority. The indigenous and unorganized nature of the bidi industry prevents enforcement of child labor laws.
Similarly, the majority of bidi workers in Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh are Muslim women and children. Similar to other bidi rolling areas in India, most families involve their children in this profession from a young age.
Alternative livelihoods
Although there is plenty of evidence of the harmful effects of tobacco cultivation, the adoption of diversification strategies and measures to reduce tobacco production still faces significant barriers in many countries, including Brazil. Most of the bidi workers who participated in the Indian study expressed interest in alternative livelihoods due to their low wages and the exploitative nature of the tobacco industry. The Vietnamese literature review examined existing evidence to examine the link between tobacco and poverty in Vietnam and to assess the impact of tobacco control policies on employment related to tobacco use.
The effects of adapting a comprehensive package of tobacco control policies (such as a percentage increase in excise taxes, a strong passive smoking policy, a medium-sized media campaign, an advertising ban). As such, there are concerns about the negative consequences of tobacco control. about employment and economic output are unfounded.
Household tobacco use and child health aking the opportunity costs of tobacco expenditures
HEALTHBRIDGE 101 Figure 3: Path analysis of parental smoking and child stunting in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
STUNTING
UNDER‐
WEIGHT
INFECTIONLOW BIRTH
4 Key Advocacy Messages
- Higher tobacco taxes and prices help to reduce poverty
- Tobacco control will not have a negative effect on overall employment
- Tobacco employment is not sustainable employment
- Household tobacco use negatively affects child health status
- Poverty reduction strategies must address tobacco production and use
HONDURAN researchers also disputed the tobacco industry's employment claims, noting that the vast majority of tobacco workers in that country are day laborers whose employment status is poor. They highlighted the structural disenfranchisement of tobacco workers and challenged the image of tobacco as an important part of the economy by emphasizing the fact that tobacco workers are never able to achieve one. In some countries, advocacy messages also emphasized the burden of tobacco work on women and children.
However, redefining tobacco control as a poverty problem helps to highlight the serious impact of tobacco use and production on families' socioeconomic well-being, health, and education. Governments must take steps to end subsidies for pro-tobacco-related research and the subsidization of tobacco growing.
5 Sharing Research Results
Some researchers, such as those from INDONESIA, disseminated their findings through television and radio broadcasts. Research results have been highlighted in publications by other organizations such as the Framework Convention Alliance.
6 Preliminary Impacts
Together, the researchers also wrote or provided information for the writing of more than 100 newspaper articles. Courts have recently thrown out the challenge and upheld the law, citing one of the research findings as evidence of the strength of the existing law. IN VIETNAM, researchers have used their literature reviews as an evidence base to push for strong measures to be incorporated into the new national tobacco control law under development.
7 Conclusion
Tobacco and Poverty Program Research
Assessment of the Brazilian National Program to Support Diversification in
Tobacco Cultivated Areas
Guilherme Eidt Jane Simoni
Summary
The level of coordination between the various government sectors depends on a great deal of political understanding among the senior executives of the federal government, which does not seem to exist. Meanwhile, representatives of the tobacco industry, organized through the Tobacco Chamber of the Ministry of Agriculture, have identified several strategies to oppose the implementation of the FCTC. They have exerted considerable political influence by blocking key tobacco control measures at the legislative and federal government levels.
Without clear support from top federal government leaders for FCTC implementation, any significant gains in tobacco control in Brazil will depend on fortuitous circumstances. It requires better coordination between different government sectors, mostly the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade.
Introduction
- What is the tobacco growers' socio-economic situation?
- What is the attitude of key stakeholders towards sustainable alternatives to tobacco crops?
- What is the sustainability of agro-ecological alternatives used for production diversification under the National Program to Support
- What technical, financial, marketing and policy support systems will be required to have successful crop alternatives and respect of human rights
- What strategies do tobacco companies employ to undermine crop diversification and alternative livelihoods for tobacco farming workers and
The decision is to make no decision on the implementation of FCTC Articles 17 and 18. The guiding principles of the Diversification Program are:. (a) sustainable development, to guide the development of productive and income-generating alternatives in tobacco growing areas, committed to environmental sustainability, quality of life for families and the transition of agro-ecological systems; Actions of the Ministry of Agricultural Development for the diversification of production and income in tobacco cultivation in Brazil.
They will enable dynamic impulses in the different regions of the country in a way that will make it. This was done to identify the key players in the program, which allowed for an analysis of the stakes, importance and impact of the results of the program interventions.
Results
The dynamic process of the tobacco production chain creates challenges for the introduction of new production processes and income in tobacco growing areas. Study conducted for the second meeting of the Study Group on Economically Viable Alternatives to Tobacco Cultivation - WHO Framework. Study conducted for the Second Meeting of the Study Group on Economically Viable Alternatives to Tobacco Cultivation - WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Considering that, the main actions of the diversification program are carried out through the National Policy on Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER). References to the development of economically viable alternatives to tobacco production and diversification of farmers' livelihoods.
ASPAC/RS
EPAGRI/SC
Farming families growing tobacco in the areas of ATER in the state of Sergipe, under the Diversification Program in Cultivated Tobacco Areas. Implementation of fish farming as an alternative income for the farming family, strengthening the productive diversification of tobacco culture in the city of Cristal/RS. Support actions for technical assistance and rural development (ATER) for the development of activities that promote the diversification of production of the tobacco agricultural family in the municipality of Padre Arroyo in Rio Grande do Sul.
To diversify production and farm family income in the tobacco growing areas of Anitápolis, Rio Fortuna, Santa Rosa de Lima and São Bonifácio. Support measures for technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) and capacity development activities to promote the diversification of production and income in the region of the agricultural family of tobacco producers in Rio Grande do Sul.
COOPERPOMARIS/SC
Propose an alternative to tobacco culture in the Rio Pardo Valley region, particularly in the municipalities of Santa Cruz do Sul and Vale do Sul in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is largely responsible for income in several regions, mainly in the production of flour and starch. The project confirms that family farming is primarily responsible for milk production in the southern regions.
The integration of family farming into the consumer food market is seen as a challenge. It is a fair that is part of the National Program of Fairs and Fair Networks, and takes place in the city of Santa Maria/RS, where the project is located.
Discussion
There are concerns among farmers because of the discourse spread by tobacco industry technicians that it is not possible to survive on small farms without growing tobacco. And we can't wait for the tobacco industry to abandon its idealistic business. It is important to invest in those who have matured and want to take a step forward.
It is within the symbolic or physical space that the concrete action takes place in the area. However, it is important to note that the diversification program is still a young program, and it is still early to verify the impact on the social base or local and regional food marketing dynamics.
Monthly expenditures on tobacco and alcohol were similar (AR$40‐51; AR$4=US$1) for each income level (low, middle, high). However, spending on tobacco and alcohol represented a greater proportion of median income for the low-income group compared to the high-income group (8% vs. <2%). 3.- Peru: This study aims to provide information on household tobacco expenditures and their impact on the loss of resources that could have been spent on basic needs for family members, and the negative impact of tobacco expenditures especially on families with children .
Again, there are similarities in the foods consumed by low-smoking and non-smoking households. 4.- HealthBridge is also pleased to announce the completion of Tobacco and Poverty: Research for Advocacy Guidelines.
