Tuna Purse seine shooting Operation Technique

(1)

@

Tuna Purse seine shooting Operation Technique

of

Rru NIPPON MARU

Compiled by

lsara Chanrachkij Aussanee Munprasit

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Training Department

TD/RES/75 January 2003

(2)

@

Tuna Purse seine shooting Operation Technique of

R/V NIPPON MARU

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r{ddl,dr

Compiled by

lsara Chanrachkij Aussanee Munprasit

Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center

TD/RES/75

Training Department

January 2003

(3)

Content

Preface

Acknowledgement Details of Rly' Nippon Maru Explanation and symbol

Tuna purse seine-shooting operation

Conclusion on tuna purse seine-shooting operation Reference

Appendix 1: Wind and current direction Appendix 2: Sky and weather notation Appendix 3: Safety Rules of Purse Seiner

1

3

4 c

39

40

41

42

43

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Tuna purse seine shooting operation technique

Preface

The fisheries technical assistances bv JaDan Marine Fisheries Resources Research Center (JAIVARC) to Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC/TD) to develop tuna purse seine in the SoutheastAsia Region, had been carries out for '10 years.

The first tuna fishing technical assistance was conducted in November 1992 to January 1993, by assigning l\4r, Aussanee Munprasit to practice and observe on tuna purse seine operations onboard R/V NIPPON |\4ARU, The objective was, to prepare the human resource for the new flsheries/haining vessel, M// SEAFDEC. The observation repoft on tuna purce selne fishlng operations arcund Seychelles water onboad RN NIPPON MARU has been released in February 1993. The second tuna fishing technical assistance was conducted for SEAFDEC staff development program of tuna purse seine in December 2000 to April 2001, The second tuna purse seine training had separated into 2 sections. The flrst section was the tuna purse seine fishing operation training. The training had been conducted by assigning Mr lsara Chanrachkij attended onboard R/V NIPPON MARU during December 2000 to February 2001. The second section was the practice on tuna processing onboard tuna purse seiner The training had been conducted by assigning Mr. Wirote La-ongmanee attended onboard Rl/ NIPPON |\4ARU during l\4arch to April 2001. The observation repofts on tuna purse seine fishing operations around Eastern lndian Ocean water onboard RN Nippon-maru has been submitted to JAI\,4ARC, Japan, on July 2001.

Shooting netoperation is one ofthe most important steps fortuna purse seinefishing operation. The successfulofthe catch and the trouble hauling net are indicated by the selection of net shooting. The selection is not only the direction of net shooting but also thejustification of the suitable time, cunent and wind condition, Tuna purse seine information has been a part of the purse seine subject for training course since 1993. Fishing participants are always interested in the tuna purse seine fishing operation techniques especially for the shooting selection. This shooting operation catalogue is published to guide participant clearer understanding on net shooting of tuna purse seine.

The shooting operation details were collected when the flrst training/observation in 1992 by Mr. Aussanee Munprasit and the second training/observation in 2001 by l\4r. lsara Chanrachkij, The net shooting information was recorded from 68 fishing operations without any serious trouble, The numbers of net shooting operation have been collected enough for publishing, aim to educate by the SEAFDEC participants on the purse seine fishing subject particularlythe fishing simulator practice. Authors wish that SEAFDEC participants and people who interested in tuna purse seine fishing operation are able to understand the shooting pattern oftuna purse seine that will lead on the safety tuna purse seine fishing operation.

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Tuna purse seine shooting operation lechnique

Acknowledgement

Authors would like to expressed the deeply appreciation to our colleagues who support this catalogue; The first is Japan Marine Flsherles Resources Research Center (JAMARC) and Japan Far-Sea Purse Seine Fishing Co.,Ltd. on the acceptable of SE'AFDEC requesting for the lraining/observation onboard R// NIPPON MARU hvice times.

Mr. Takeheko Akeyam4 Fishing-master of R/V NIPPON MARU and his crew, who sincerely explained the important information for tuna purse seine fishing techniques,

Form ofshooting catalogue and details ofthe document are designed by Mr Narong Raungsivakul Fishing gear assistant researcher with the closely assisting by M/1 Pratakphol prajaklitt, Fishing gear researcher, Research Division, SEAFDEC/TD.

Special thank you to Mr Panu tevaratmaneekul Secretary General of Southeast

Asian Fisheries Development Center and Chief of the training department, Dr. Sonboon

Slrlraksopho/ Research Division Head who realize how important of safety on purse seine

operation and kindly support on the publishing of this information.

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. Details of R/V NIPPONMARU

Rlr' Nipponmaru is an American pune seine type, Port side NET surrounding style.

She constructed by Miho Shipyard in 1986. The owner is Japan Far-sea Purse seine Co.,Ltd under the research management of Japan Marine Fisheries Resources Research Center (JAMARC). The fishing/research areas are in eastem and western lndian Ocean.

Name Call sign

Port of register Ship olvner Place of birth Date of launch Date ofdelivery International tonnage Gross tonnage Net tonnage Length overall Breadth Depth

Main engine Maximum speed Service speed Fish hold Fuel oil tank

Lubrication oil tank Freshwater tank Completement

R/VNIPPON MARU JATW

Tokyo, Japan

Japan Far-Sea puce seine fisheries Miho shipyard, Japan

June 1986 August 1986

1788 GT 760 GT 657 GT

78.0 m.

14.0 m.

8.27 m.

3800 PS 17.0 knot 15.1 knot 1508.88 Cu.m.

701.71 Cu.m.

31.51 Cu.m.

78.97 Cu,m.

22 crew

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Tuna purse seine shooting opefation technique

- Explanation and Symbol Date (dd/mm/yy): Date ofshooting operation

Position (Latitude and Longitude): Position of start shooting operation Target: Target for surrounding net (Drifting log, Drifting FAD, Schooling fish) Start St (hhmm): Time for start shooting the net into the sea.

Finish St (hhmm): Time for all net is released away from net space at stern deck.

Purse line hauling (hhmm): Time for start hauling purse line.

Finish purse line hauling (hhmm): Time for finish hauling purse line.

Net hauling (hhmm): Time for start hauling net into the space at stern deck.

Finish net hauling (hhmm): Time for all flshing activities are finished, (skiff boat is hauled back at the slipway)

- Time : page 1-20 Time is GMT+ 3 : page 21-34 Time is GMT+ 6 Air Information

Wind dir.: Direction of wind,

Wind speed (Knot): Speed ofwind (knot).

Weather: Weathersymbol(lnternationalMeteorologicalConvention 1921).

Example; bc : Partly cloudy c : Cloudy r: Raining

Barometer (hPa): Air pressure (Hecto Pascal) Air temp. : Air temperature in degree Celsius Purse seiner: Name of purse seine vessel

Current information: Speed (knot) and direction of current by Doppler cunent indicator setting in 10 m,, 50 m,, and 100 m depth.

Sea surface temp. I Sea surface temperature in Degree Celsius Net depth (m.): Ground rope of purse seine net depth by Net Sonde Catch: Catch of tuna and skipjack (ton)

blowing to)

. )' Wind direction symbol (Wind from which the wind is blowing (Wind

come from .... direction)

(8)

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Tuna purse seine shooting ope.ation iechnique

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(10)

Tuna purse seine shooling operarion technique

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(11)

Tuna pu|Se seine shooting operation technique

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(19)

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(29)

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(33)

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(35)

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(36)

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(37)

Tuna purse seine shooting operation iechnique

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(38)

Tuna puBe seine shooiing operation technique

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(39)

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(40)

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38

(42)

. Conclusion on tuna purse seine shooting operation l.Taroet is movinq within the small area

(Fishing with target:drifting object, iog, drifting FAD)

1 . Two pieces of 2000 watt Underwater lamps are always used for concentrate the fish school at the target. But lamps may not effective for fish concentration during full moon oeriod,

2, During fish luring by light, a working always checks the otherfish schoolwithin the distance 50-200 m. around the target, Some fish schools may not stay at the light, Both of working boats transmit Tele-echo sounder to the net boat, distance about 800-1200 m,

3. Distance between starting point to target (Fish school) is350-370m.

4. Gao of net at the stern deck when net boat reach skiff boat should be 150-200 m.

5. Current should not over than '1.0 m. However, that is depended on the amount of fish at the target and wind condition. (Maximum of the records is 1.1 knot at the depth 100 m,) The shooting direction is followed the cunent direction.

The different speed between current 2 layers of the depth, i.e. 50 m. and 100 m., should not more than 1 knot and the direction should not more than 90 degree.

6, Wind condition should not more than 20 knot. However that is depended on the amount of flsh at the target and current condition. lf the wind speed is more than 10 knot, shooting direction should follow the wind (Maximum of the record is 20 knot)

7. Drifting speed ofthe target (drifting object, log or drifting FAD) should not more than 1.0 knot,

2.Tarqet is movino at the surface (Fishing with fish school)

'1. To sunounding the fish school, shooting directlon should be kept parallel along fish school direction.

2. Direction of fish school should be steady in one direction. lf fish school intends to change the swimming direction or become scatter, operation should not be done.

3. Current and wind condition must be taken into consideration same as surroundinq around drifting object.

39

(43)

Reference

Aussanee lV., lsara Chanrachkii. 1992, Observation repoft on tuna purse seine ftshing operction around Seychelles waters onboard Nippon maru (TD/RES32), SEAFDEC/TD' Samutprakarn, Thailand, , 39 pp.

Hilmar K. and others (FAO),1977 . Modern fishing gear of the world 3, Fishing news books Ltd, London, England, 537 pp.

Retallack B.J. 1970. Conpendiun of lecture notes for trdning class lV meteorological personnel (Unit 1 General Meteorology), World Meteorological Organization,225 pp.

Hermansson B. 1978. Training Fishermen at Sea, Fishing news books Ltd, London, England, 537 pp.

(44)

Compass direction N/E

NNE NE/N NE NE/E ENE HN E ss

ESE SE/E SE SE/S SSE S/E s

s/l\/

SSW SWS SW SW1/V WSW WS - W N

WNW NWVV NW NWN NNW N/VV

N

Appendix 1

Wind & Cunent direction

Exact Equivalent degree 11.25

22.s

33.75 45.0 56.25 67.5 78.75 90.0

101.25 112.5 123.75 135.0 146.25 157.5 168.75 180.0 191.25 202.5 213.75 225.0 236.25 247.5 258.75 270.0 281.25 292.5 303,75 3 1 5 . 0 326.25 337.5 348.75 360.0

41

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0 DC

c d f

c

n I m

0

p q

I

s

t I

u

z

Tuna purse seine shooling operatrbn technique

- Appendix 2

Sky and Weather Notation Blue sky (up to on+quarter covered)

Partly cloudy (quarter to three- quarter covered) Mainly cloudy (not less than three-quarter over) Drizzling

Wet airwithout rain Fog

Gale, force I or I maintained not for less than 10 minutes Hail

Lightening Misty

Overcast (Completely covered) Passing showers

Squalls Heavy rain Rain Snow Thunder Thu nderstorm Ugly sky

Abnormalvisibility: objects at a distance usually Hazy

Source: International Meteorological Convention 1921

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Tuna purse seine shooiing operalion technique

Appendix 3

Safety Rules of Purse Seiner

The code of the safety for fisherman and fishing vessel part A. Safety and Health for skippers and crews, pu biis hed on behalf of FAO, lL0 and IMCO (international Organization, Geneva 1970) contains the following 16 recommendations (Page 27 to 29) which should be kept well in mind by purse seining skippers and their crews,

1. To reduce the danger of fisherman stepping inside loop of purse seine bridles during setting of the net, The bridle should be coiled in the net or else stows in a separated box or compartment next to the'clothespin' (rack or bar) from which the ring run out.

2. When setting begin, the net should be so arranged that it is pull out by buoy or skiff without crew having expose themselves to danger by going aft or on the top of the net.

3. During setting of the net, the winch-man should take care not to allow the drum to turn faster than purse ljne run out, so as to avoid fouling the wire.

4. The extension rope attached to the tail end ofthe net should be coiled down in the separated box or compartment so that there is no danger for fisherman being caught into

t h o l n n n c r | r r i n n c a H i n n

5. The sharp knife always be kept handy near the net bin or the platform.

6. Fisherman should be avoid standing below the power block or transfer block because of the dangerous of their being hit by heavy purse ring pass;ng through the purse blocks, where such danger exists. Fisherman should ware protective helmet.

7. When hauling blg catches it is essential to brail or pump the flsh on board as quickly as possible to avoid an excessive weight of the dead fish in the net.

8. The sinker line and breast line of the bunt should be so attached to the vessel that can be quickly the fish if fish lie too heavy in the net and endanger the stability of the vessel.

Preferably, the breast line and the part of sinker line which is tie up to the bunt room andior the railing of the vessel, during brailing or pumping should be fltted with the rings through which is released a wire, fixed to vessel at either and end with an easily-released slip-hook.

9, When the netting is liberally hung in, the bunt may be still retain a heavy weight of fish even after the breast line and sinker line have been released, it is therefor, advisable to attached bridle to the bunt floatline so that it can be hoisted up to release the fish.

10. Should the vessel heel over dangerous, and if it is not possible to release the fish, the vessel should be driven ahead and turned toward the listing side. When it is not succeed to righting the vessel, the net should be slacked off immediately or cut.

11. Where the net is stacked in an expose place it is highly desirable to fit removable stanchions with guard ropes for prevent man falling over board.

12, Sea-water in the fish hold causes the fish become fluid and shift, Care should be taken to separate sea-water from the fish during brailing or pumping before catch reaches the hold, using standing gratings leading to the hatches. Similarly, the blood water seeping from the fish should be pump out frequently.

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- 13. Fishes carry on deck should be covered by the double tarpaulins securely fixed, for instance by nailing wooden strips over the edges to outside the railing and to fix pounds board. On the steel vessel, a wooden plank should be bolt on for this purpose.

14, In the emergency, the skipper should be able to release the deck load through special ports by quick release the mechanism,

15, When fish are canied out on deck, life line should be rigged at suitable height.

16, Where the small auxiliary boat is used. lt should always light and sound

signal equipment in good working order and the crew should ware life jackets.