א





 

א

א

 

127 127

 

 

 



 

127

א 

 א 



 

  

،،אא،א W

 

 

 

אאאא

אאאאא

אא،אאאאאא

א

אאאאא

אאאאאא

W

א

אא

K

 

 



אאאאאאא

א،אאא

אאאאאא، 

א

א،אאאא

אאא

אא



אאאאאאא

אא،א

א

אא،א K

 

 

אא

?

א

?





?



?



אאא

אאאא

אא

K

 

 

אאאאאאא

،א،אאאא

אאא

אא

K

 

 

אאא א

W



א K

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אאאא

 

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 

127

 

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א



 

אאאא

K

א

K

א

א

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K

א،א

אא،

K



א،،،،

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

א

K

אאאאא

אאאאאא

אא

K

 



אא

W

 

אא

 J



א

אא

W

אא

אא





א

K

 

אא

 J



א

W

אאאא

אאא

K

 

אא

 J



אא

WRAM

אאא

RAM





K

 

אאא

 J



אא

WBIOS

אאאא

BIOS

א

K

 

אא

 J



אא

W



אאאא



K

 

אא

 J



אאאא

W

א

אאאאאא

K

 

אא

 J



אא

W

א

אא

K

 

אא

 J



א

W

אא

K

 

 

 J



אאאא

 J

 

 

א

א

 

אא

אא

א

א

 





א  אא

1



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -1

 

אא W



אאא

 

 

אא W



א

W

 

אאא ƒ

אא ƒ

אאא ƒ

 

 

אא W



4



 

 

אא

W



 

אאאאאא

K

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -2

אא

 

אאאא

K

א

א

K

אא

K



א،אא

א،אא،

K



אאא

K

אא

F

א E

،

א،א

K

،،אא



W

 

K1

א



K2

א

א

K3

אא

אאא



א

אאא

K

 

  K1



א

א،אא،א

K





אאאאאא

K

אא

א،א،א،א،אאא

א

K

אאאאא

א،AND

א،OR



،XOR



אא

K

אאאאא

אאא

K

 

א

K

א F

 J1

E1



אא



K

אאאאא

אא

K

 

 

 



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -3





F

 J1

E1

אא

אאא

(MHz)

K





4.77 MHz

K

אא

א

2000 MHz





2



(2 GHz)

K

א

א KGHz

  K2



א



אאא



אאאאא

K

אאא

،RAM

אא

،ROM

،אא

אאא،אא،אא

(cache memory)

K

אאאאא

K

א



אאא

K

אא

(1

Byte = 8 bits)

K

אאא

א



،

אא

(1K Bytes = 1024 Bytes)



א



(1M

Bytes = 1024 K Bytes = 1024 x 1024 Bytes)



א

(1G Bytes = 1024 M



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -4

Bytes)

אאאאK

אא

K

 

אאא

א

אאא

א

K

אאאאא

אא،RAM

،ROM

אאא

K

אא

אא



K

אאאאאא



K

אאא





אאא



א

RAM

א

ROM

אאא

K

 

א





אאאאאאא

K

،אא،א،א،،א

א

K

 

 

אא



אאא

אאאא

K

אאא

F

א E

א،א،

K

 

 



אאאאאאא

K

אאא

אאא

א،א

K



א

K

،אא

אא

אא

K

א

אאאא

K



אאאא

K

אא

א

אאאא،א



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -5

אא

K

،א

אא

K

א



אא

K

אאא

K



،אאאא

،

W

 

E1

א

(Data Bus)

W

א

אא

  א א    א א  א  

א

K

אאאא

K

 

E2

א

(Address Bus)

W

אא

א

אאאאא

אא

K

א

א

F



E

אא

K





אאאא

אאאא

K

אא

אאא

K

E3

אא

(Control Bus)

W א



אאאאא

K

א

אאא،א

K

אאאאאאא





א

F

א

KE

אאאאא

א،אאא



K

אאא



  א   

  K

א  א   א אא 

אאאא

K

אא

אאא

K

אא





K

אא



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -6

אאאאא

אאאא

K

 

אא



אאאאא

K

אא





אאאא

א

א

א

K

אאא

אא

אא

K

אא

א

(Keyboard controller)

אאK



אאא

K





אא

K

אאאאא



אאא

K

אאאאאא

אאאאא



אא





אאאא

K

אאא

F

 J1

E2



אאא

K



אאא

K

 



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -7

 

א F

 J1

E2

אא

 

א    א         א

K

אאאאא





K

،אאאא

אא

אא،RAM

،ROM

אא

K

אא



K

،אא،אא

،א א 



     א א ،א ،א 



K

אאא

א        א    א א



אא

 

א



א









א













א



א

א

 

א

 

א



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -8

אא

אאא

K

אאאא

אא

K

א



אא،א

،RAM

 אא

א א  א  ،ROM

  K

א א   



אא



K

אא

אאאא

K

אא

אאאא

K

אא

אא

אא

K

אאא

אאא

K



אאאאא

(Chipset)

K

א





אא

K



אאא

אאאא

K

אא

אאא



(Expansion Slots)

K

א

F

 J1

E3



K



 



אא

א

K

 



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -9

 

   

 



F

 J1

E3



 

ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟا ةﺪﺣو ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ نﺎﻜﻣ

ةﺮآاﺬﻟا ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ تﺎﻧﺎﺧ RAM

ﺔﻌﺳﻮﺗ تاﺮﻤﻣ



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -10

א

(Power Supply)

א

אאא

א

(AC

volt)





(DC volt)



אא

K



אאא

(DC volt)





א

K

א



K

אאאאאאא



(AC volt)

K

אאא



אאא

אא،אא



K



אאאא

א

K

אאאא

K



12

،

5

،

3.3



K

א

110





220

א

12

،

5

،

3.3



K

א

F

 J1

E4



K

 

 

א F

 J1

E4



 

 

 



127



אא

 



א

א





אא

- -11

אאאאא

אא

א

K

،אאא

א

K

א

W

 



 J1



א

K

 



 J2



؟א

 



 J3



א



אאאא

אאא

K

א





K

 



 J4



אאאא

K

 



 J5



א



אאא

K

 



 J6



א



אא

K

 

 

א

א

א

א





א

2



127



אא



א



א

 

- -12

 

אא W



אא

K

 

אא W

 

א

W

 

אאא ƒ

 

א ƒ

א ƒ

אא ƒ

אא W



4



 

  א

א

W

 

אאא K

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



127



אא



א



א

 

- -13

 J1



א

 



 

אאאאא

K

אא

א،،א F

אאאא

KE





אאאאא

א

K

אאאא

א

K

א،א



،א

אאאא

K

א

א

9

12





אאא

K

א

9

אא



9



1001



א

12

אא

1100

אאאאא

10101

K



אאאאא



F

א

9

א12

E



אאאא

K

א



א

א

K

،אא

،אאא

K



א

א

א

K

א



9



א،12



،אאא

אא

K

א

א

א

F

א

E

אא

K

א

אאאאאא



א

א

K

אאאא

F



א



אא

E

אאא

אא

K

אאא



K



אאא

F

א

E

אא

K

 

אאאאא،א

K



אאאאאא

אאאא،

אא

K

אאאא

K

א

אאאאא



127



אא



א



א

 

- -14

א

אאאא

א

K

אא

K

אא

אאא

K

א





א

K

אאאא

אאא

K

אאא

K

א

،אא،אא

אאא

אאאאאאאאא

K





אא



א

 W

 

E1

אא

E2

א

 

E3



،אא

אאאא



K

אא

(clock pulses)

K

אאאאאאאא

K









א



K



אא،אאאא

א

K

א





K

אאאא

(clock generator)

K

אא

אא

K

 

א

F

 J2

E1

אאאא

K



אאאא



K

אאא

אאאאא

K

א

אאא

K

אאאא

א



אאאאא

K



אאא

K

אאא

אאא

K

אאא

א