ﺹــﺨﻠﻤﻟﺍ
ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻥﺃ لﺜﻤ ﺔﻠﻴﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ
) ﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎـﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺼﺭﻟﺍ
ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ( ﹰﺍﺭـﺸﺅﻤ ﻥﻭـﻜﻴ ﺩﻗ ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻬﻤﺃﻭ ﺓﺩﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩﺤ لﺎﻔﻁﻸﻟ ﻱﺭﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻲﻓ
ﺎﻬﻟ ﻡﻬﻀﺭﻌﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻭ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺙﻭﻠﺘ ﻯﺩﻤﻟ
، ﺔﺼﺎﺨ ﻥﺃ
ﻟ ﻥﺩﺎـﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬ
ﺔﻴﺼﺎﺨ ﺭﻭﺭﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻤﻴﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺒﻋ .
ﻓ ﺭﺼـﻨﻋ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻲﻔ
ﺹﺎﺼﺭﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﻡﻬﺘﺎﻬﻤﺃﻭ ﺓﺩﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩﺤ لﺎﻔﻁﻸﻟ ﻱﺭﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺩﺒ ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎﻜﻟﺍ
ﹰﺎﻨﺩﻤﺘ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺩﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ،
ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻭ
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯﻟﺍ ﻥﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺒﺘﻌﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ .
ﻊﻤﺠ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻴﻋ 308
ﺽﺎـﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﻠﻔﻁﻟ ﻱﺭﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻸﻟ ﻡﺩ ﺔﻨ
ﻭ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ 246 .
ﻡﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻑﺸﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎـﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺹﺎﺼﺭﻟﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ
ﻥﻬﻟﺎﻔﻁﺃﻭ
ﻱﺭﺫﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻁﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﻤﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ .
ﻩﺫـﻫ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺢﻀﺘﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻯﺭﺨﻷﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺽﻌﺒ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ .
ﺩﻘﻟ ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻥﻬﻟﺎﻔﻁﺃﻭ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ
ﺎﺼﺭﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺹ ﻨﺎﻜ
ﺕ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ .
ﺎـﺼﺭﻟﺍ ﺯـﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴـﻤ ﻥﺃ ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃﻭ ﺹ
ﺘﻴ ــ ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭ 0.490
ﻰﻟﺇ 7.440 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴـﻴﺩ
ـﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻲـﻓ ﺕﺎ
ﻤﺒ ﻴﺩ ﻟﺍ ﺔـﻨ ﻴﺭ ﺽﺎ ، ﻭ 0.400 ﻰﻟﺇ
4.560 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ
ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ .
ﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ـﺴـﻟﺍ لـﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺩﺒ ﻩﺯـﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺡﻭﺍﺭـﺘ ﻱﺭ
ـﻤ ﻥﻴﺒﺎ 0.230 ﻰـﻟﺇ
12.930
ﻡﺍﺭــﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ /
ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴــﻴﺩ ﻲــﻓ
ﻭ ﺽﺎــﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔــــﻨﻴﺩﻤ 0.300
ﻰــﻟﺇ 7.110
ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ /
ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ ﻤ ﻲﻓ
ـ ﻨﻴﺩ ــ ﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔ ﻑــ
.
ﻥﺃ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺤﻀﻭﺃ
ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﻟﺎﻨﻫ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﺴ
ﻡﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩﺒ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﻴﺒ
ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻬﻟﺎﻔﻁﻷ ﻱﺭﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﺤﻟﺍ ،
ﺔـﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﺠﻭﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ .
ﻥــﻴﺒﺘ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ
ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎﻜﻟﺍ
ﺩ ﻲـﻓ ﻡ
ﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﻴ ﺕﺍﺩﻟﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻥ
0.001 ﻰﻟﺇ
1.269 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺘﻠﻴ
ﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻴﺭ ، ﺘﻴ ﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺎـﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭ 0.001
ﻰﻟﺇ 3.803 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺔـﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ
ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ .
ﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺡﻭﺍﺭ
0.001 ﻰﻟﺇ
0.0820 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ ﻡﺩ ﻲـﻓ
ﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺭﺴﻟﺍ ل ﺒ
ﻭ ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ 0.004
ﻰﻟﺇ 0.516 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ ـﻓ
ـ ﻲ
ﻨﻴﺩﻤ ـ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔ .
ﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﻲﺜﻴﺩﺤ ﻥﻬﻟﺎـﻔﻁﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﺩﺩﻋ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ
ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻻﻭـﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻴﺭــﻟﺍ ﺔــﻨﻴﺩﻤﺒ .
لـﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻤ ﺢﻀﺘﺍ
ﻑـﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﺎـﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩـﻤ ﻥﻤ ،
ـﻤ ﺡﻭﺍﺭـﺘﻴ ﻪـﻨﺍ ﻴﺒﺎ
ﻥ 0.004 ﻰـﻟﺇ
0.356
ﻡﺍﺭــﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ /
ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴــﻴﺩ ﻭ ﺽﺎــﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩـــﻤ ﻲـــﻓ
0.010 ﻰــﻟﺇ
0.390
ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ /
ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ ،
ﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺍﺭ
ﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻩﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺡﻭ ﻱﺭ
ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ 0.002 ﻰﻟﺇ
0.426 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﻭ 0.002 ﻰﻟﺇ
0.368 ﻡﺍﺭﺠﻭﺭﻜﻴﻤ
/ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺭﺘﻠﻴﺴﻴﺩ .
ﺘﺴﻤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺒﺠﻭﻤ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻙﻟﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ـ
ﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭ ـ
ﺯ
ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻡﺩ ﻲـﻓ
ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺴﻟﺍ لﺒﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺩﻭ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻥــﻴﺘﻨﻴﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﻠﻜ
.
ﻭ ﺽﺎـﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻸﻟ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻑـﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ
،
ﻲﺌﺎﺼﺤﻹﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﻌﺒ ﺢﻀﺘﺍ ﻙﺎـﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ
ﺕﺎـﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﺔـﻤﻴﻘﻟ ﺔـﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺔـﻤﻴﻗ
ﺘﺎﻤﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻴﺭﻜﻭ
لﻤﺤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺘﻓ لﻼﺨ ﻑﻴﺯﻨﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻀﺭﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ،
ﻙﻟﺫﻜﻭ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻲﻓ ﻬﻤﻷﺍ
ـ ﻨﺨﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ﺕﺎـ
، ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻀﻴﺃ ﻭ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ
ﻤﺄﺒ ﺔﺒﺎﺼﻹﺍ ـ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺜﺍﺭﻭ ﺽﺍﺭ
ﻥﻴﺘﻨﻴﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻠﺌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻴﺤ
ـ ﻠﻋﺃ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺙ ﻰ
ﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ـ
ﻤﺒ ﺕﺎ ـ ﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩ ـ
ﻑ .
ﻤ ﺩﻨﻋ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﺘﺴﻻﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺭﻬﻅﺃ ﺩﻘﻟﻭ ﺔـﻠﻴﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻨﺭﺎﻘ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻲﻓ
، ﻲـﺘﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺽﺎﻬﺠﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﺃ
ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻥﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻟﺍ
ـ ﻕﺒﺌﺯ .
ﻙﻟﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﻜﺘ ﻡﻟ ﻪﻨﺍ ﺢﻀﺘﺍ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ
ﻨﻌﻤ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ــ
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻴﻭ
ﺼﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻻﻭـﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩـﺤ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎـﻜﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺹﺎﺼﺭﻟﺍ ﺭ
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﻭ ﺤ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ
ـ
ﺘﻴ ﻡﻟ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩ ــ
ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭ ﺭﺼﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ
ﻲﻓ
ﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﻨﻴﺩﻤ ـ
ﻭ ﺽﺎﻴﺭ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ
.
ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﺢﻀﺘﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺨﺍ
ﻥﻴـﺒ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ
ﻥﺯﻭ ﻥﻴـﺒ ﻭ ﻕـﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ﺭﺼـﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩﺤ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺓﺩﻻﻭﻟﺍ ﻲﺜﻴﺩﺤ لﺎﻔﻁﻷﺍ ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍ ﺭﺼﻨﻋ ﻡﻬﺌﺎﻤﺩﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﻴ ﻡﻟ ﻥﻴﺫﻟﺍ
.
ﻭ ﻡﺩ ﻲـﻓ ﺹﺎـﺼﺭﻟﺍ ﺯـﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴـﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﺩﻭﺠﻭ ﻥﻴﺒﺘ
ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﻥﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ )
-48 (31 ﻲـﺘﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ
ﻥﻴﺒﺎﻤ ﻥﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ )
-30 (14 ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺴ .
ﺎﻤﻜ ﻥﺃ
ﻡﺩ ﻲﻓ ﻕﺒﺌﺯﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺓﺩﺎﻴﺯ ﻙﻟﺎﻨﻫ
ﻥﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ ﻲﺘﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ )
–30 (14 ﻲـﺘﻼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎـﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩـﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺔﻨﺴ
ﻥﻫﺭﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺡﻭﺍﺭﺘﺘ )
-48 (31
ﺽﺎﻴﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻨﺴ .
ﻙـﻟﺫ ﺱﻜﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻨﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ﻑﻴﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ .
ﻭﺭﻓ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻬﻅﺘ ﻡﻟ ﻲﻓ ﻡﻭﻴﻤﺩﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺯﻴﻜﺭﺘ ﻯﻭﺘﺴﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﻭﻨﻌﻤ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺎﻗ
ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ ﺕﺎﻨﺨﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩ ﺕﺎﻨﺨﺩﻤ ﺭﻴﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﻤﻷﺍ ﻡﺩﺒ ﻩﺍﻭﺘﺴﻤ
.
ABSTRACT
Accelerated development and expansion of industrial technology resulted to some extent in environmental pollution with trace elements (heavy metals) which have an effect on man and animal.
The pregnant woman like other people found herself exposed to pollutants which might enter her blood and add to her worries that these pollutants might affect her unborn baby such as malformation abnormalities.
Many studies have proved the relationship between the concentration of some heavy metals in the maternal blood and many abnormalities in the fetus.
Thus it is advisable to monitor trace element (lead, cadmium and mercury) in pregnant women's blood during her period of pregnancy to show to what extent her baby is exposed to these elements, as it was proved by research that these element can pass through the placenta to the fetus.
This piece of research investigated concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in some pregnant women and the umbilical cord of their babies at delivery, from two different locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (i.e. Riyadh and Qatif cities) Riyadh as a more urbanized city and Qatif as an agricultural one.
It has been collected 306 blood samples for mother and umbilical cord of their newborn in Riyadh and 246 in Qatif.
The concentration of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in maternal blood and umbilical cord of their newborn babies was measured by using atomic absorption spectrometer. It was able to detect those elements on only some samples rather than other.
It was found out that the percentage of mothers and umbilical cord of their babies having lead concentration in their blood was higher in Riyadh city than in Qatif.
Results showed that the concentration of Pb in the maternal blood in Riyadh city ranged from 0.490 to 7.440µg/dl and from 0.400 to 4.560µg/dl in mothers in Qatif. However, the Pb concentration in umbilical cord blood of the babies from Riyadh ranged from 0.230 to 12.930µg/dl and from 0.300 to 7.110µg/dl in those in Qatif.
This also showed that lead blood concentration was found to be higher in mothers and the umbilical cord of their newborn babies in Riyadh is than in Qatif. It was also found that there is a negative correlation between blood lead concentration in mothers and their babies in Riyadh whereas, the correlation was positive in Qatif.
Results showed that the percentage of mothers having Cd in their blood was higher in Qatif than those in Riyadh, while the percentage of babies having cadmium in their umbilical cord was higher in Riyadh than in Qatif.
Results of this investigation showed that the cadmium concentration in the maternal blood in Riyadh city ranged from 0.001 to 1.269µg/dl and 0.001 to 3.803µg/dl from those in Qatif city. Hoverer, it ranged from 0.001 to 0.0820µg/dl in the umbilical cord of the babies from Riyadh and from 0.004 to 0.516µg/dl in those in Qatif.
There is negative correlation between blood cadmium concentration in mother and their babies in both Riyadh and Qatif cities.
Results also showed that the percentage number of mothers and the umbilical cord of their babies having mercury concentration in their blood were higher in those in Qatif than in Riyadh.
The concentration of mercury in maternal blood ranged from 0.004 to 0.356µg/dl in Riyadh and 0.010 to 0.390µg/dl in Qatif. It ranged from 0.002 to 0.426µg/dl in the blood of
umbilical cord of babies in Riyadh and from 0.002 to 0.368µg/dl in those in Qatif city
It was also found that there is positive correlation between blood mercury concentration in mothers and their babies in both Riyadh and Qatif.
The statistical analysis of the questioniers results among the mothers under investigation from the two cities indicated that there is a significant difference in the hematocrit values among them. It also shown that there is a significant difference between the mothers who had hemorrhage during the pregnancy period also those who
smoke and those who have hemorrhage disease in the family in the two cities.
It also showed that the highest percentage of abortions was found in those mother having concentration mercury in blood.
There was no significance difference between baby's weight having lead or cadmium concentration compared to those who have not in both Riyadh and Qatif city.
In Riyadh, there was no significant difference in baby's weight birth babies who have mercury content in their blood and those who have not. While there was significant difference between those in Qatif.
The difference was not quite significant in blood lead, cadmium and mercury concentration in the mothers of age group (31-48) years compared with those of age group (14-30) years in Riyadh and Qatif city.
There was no significance difference in the level of cadmium in blood between smoking and nonsmoking mother from both cities.
