ﺓﺭﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﱄﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﺯﻭ
ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻚﻠﳌﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎ
ﺟ
ﻴﻠﻛ ﺓﺪﲜ ﺕﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﱰﻟﺍ ﺔ –
ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺴﻗﻷﺍ
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ : ﺕﺎﻴ�ﻮﺠﻴﺷﺭﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒ� - ﺔﻴ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ : ﺔﻗﺮﻔﻟﺍ
ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ : ﻥﺎﺘﻋﺎﺳ
ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﳖ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ – ﻝﻭﻷﺍ
ﻲﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ١٤٢٩
ـﻫ
ﻝﻭﻷﺍﻋ ﱯﻴﺟﺃ ﻰﻠ ﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻜﻣﺃ ﻥﺇ ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎ :
ﺱ ١ ﺃ - ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺍ )
ـﺻ ﰲ ﺎﳍ ﺺﺼﺨﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﻘﻓ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺀﺎﺟﺮﻟﺍ ٨
ـــ : (
ﺚﻳﺪﺣ
٢٥
ﺔﻗﺪﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟ ﻥﺎﻛ ّﻻﺇ ﺔﻤﻴﲠ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﺴ�ﺇ ﻭﺃ ﲑﻃ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻞﻛﺄﻴﻓ ، ًﺎﻋﺭﺯ ﻉﺭﺰﻳ ﻭﺃ ًﺎﺳﺮﻏ ﺱﺮﻐﻳ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻣ
١ . ﺕﺎﺒ� ﰲ ﺓﺮﺸﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﱰﳐ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﺰﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺴ�ﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﺝﺮﲣ :
-A Funaria sp.
-B Lycopodium sp.
-C Polytrichum sp.
-D Psilotum sp.
٢ . Fragmentation :
-A Marchantia sp.
-B Pellia sp.
-C Riccia sp.
-D Sphagnum sp.
٣ . ﺔﻳﻮ�ﻷﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺢﺒﺼﻴﻓ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗﻭ ﻡﺯﻼﺑﻮﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﻳ ﻻﻭ ﺔﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﺓﺍﻮ� ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗ .
ﰲ ﻲﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ :
-A Equisetum sp.
-B Lycopodium sp.
-C Psilotum sp.
-D Selaginella sp.
٤ . ﳉﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟ ﺓﲑﺼﻗ ﺔﻴﺒ�ﺎﺟ ﻉﺮﻓﺃ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﰲ ﺹﻮﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺛﻼﺛ ﺔﻳﻭﺮﻛ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﺛﺮﺟ ﻆﻓﺍﻮﺣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﺛﺍﺮ :
-A Funaria sp.
-B Polytrichum sp.
-C Psilotum sp.
-D Sphagnum sp.
٥ . ﺕﺎﺒ� ﺔﺒﻠﻋ ﰲ ...
ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺠﳊﺎﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻟ ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﰲ ﺪﻴﳝﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﺴﺘﻳ .
ﻮﻫ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻸﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ :
-A Anthoceros sp.
-B Funaria sp.
-C Polytrichum sp.
-D Sphagnum sp.
٦ . ﰲ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺻﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔ�ﺍﻮﻄﺳﻷﺍ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ Polytricgum sp.
ﲔﺠﻴﺴ� ﱃﺇ :
-A Hyaline & Chlorophyll
-B Hydromes & Leptomes
-C Annual & Perennial
-D Protoderm & Procambium
٧ . ﻞﻤﲢ ﺔﻣﻮﺛﺮﺟ ﻞﻛﻭ ﻢﻴﺛﺍﺮﳉﺍ ﺮﺜﺘﻨﺗﻭ ًﺎﻴﺳﺃﺭ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﳊﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﻨﺗ ٤
ﻣ ﺪﺋﺍﻭﺯ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻌﻠ elaters
ﺕﺎﺒ� ﰲ :
-A Adiantum sp.
-B Equistum sp.
-C Pinus sp.
-D Selaginella sp.
١ ﻦﻣ ٧
٨ . ﺕﺎﺒ� ﺔﻣﻮﺛﺮﺟ ﺕﺎﺒ�ﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ...
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﱯﻠﻗ ﹼﱄﻭﺃ ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺛ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﱃﺇ .
ﻮﻫ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻸﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ :
-A Anthoceros sp.
-B Marchantia sp.
-C Pellia sp.
-D Thelypteris sp.
٩ . ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺰﻨﻟﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﻪﺗﺎﻣﻭﺰﻳﺭﻭ ﻪﻗﺍﺭﻭﺃ ﻲﻠﻐﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻴﺒﻃ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﳍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟ :
-A Adiantum sp.
-B Anthoceros sp.
-C Equismtu sp.
-D Selsginella sp.
١٠ . ﺔﺠﻴﺘ� ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﺑ ًﺎﻨﺳ ﱪﻛﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺪﻋﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺅﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﺕﻮﲤ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻗﺭﻭ ﻥﺎﻘﻴﺳ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﻮﳕ
:
-A Marchantia sp.
-B Funaria sp.
-C Polytrichum sp.
-D Sphagnum sp.
١١ . ﻖﻴﻗﺭ ﻲﺋﺎﺸﻏ ﺡﺎﻨﲜ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻉﺍﻮ�ﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻥﺃ ّﻻﺇ ﺔﺤﻨﳎ ﻉﺍﻮ�ﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﺠﺘﻨﺗ :
-A ﺓﺭﺬﺒﻟﺍ .
-B ﺔﻀﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ .
-C ﺡﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﺒﺣ .
-D ﻂﻳﺭﺎﺨﳌﺍ .
١٢ . ﻭ ﻲﻋﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ�ﺍﻮﻴﳊ ﺔﻣﺎﺳ ﻪﻋﺍﻮ�ﺃ ﺾﻌﺑ ﲔﺘﻴﻠﻜﻠﻟ ﺝﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻀﺤﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻃ ﺽﺍﺮﻏﻷ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻉﺍﻮ�ﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﺗ
:
-A Adiantum sp.
-B Equistum sp.
-C Funaria sp.
-D Thelypteris sp.
١٣ . ﺭﻭﺬﺟ ﻩﺎﺒﺷﺃ ﻰﻤﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺒ�ﺃ ﺪﺋﺍﻭﺰﺑ ﺔﺑﱰﻟﺎﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﻳﻭ ﺐﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﻉﺮﻔﺗ ﻉﺮﻔﺘﻳ ﺺﻓ ﻞﻛ ﺺﺼﻔﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺛ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺢﻄﺒﻨﻣ ﺓﺩﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﻳ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ :
-A Anthoceros sp.
-B Marchantia sp.
-C Pellia sp.
-D Riccia sp.
١٤ . Cross pollination :
-A ﺡﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻲﻀﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺋﺍﺪﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ .
-B ﺀﺎﳌﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻲﻀﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺋﺍﺪﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ .
-C ﺡﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﺒ�ﺃ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻲﻀﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺋﺍﺪﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ .
-D ﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﻘﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﳋﺍ ﺔﻄﺳﺍﻮﺑ ﻲﻀﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻁﻭﺮﺨﳌﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻲﺋﺍﺪﺴﻟﺍ ﻁﻭ
.
١٥ . ﺕﺎﺒ� ﰲ ﺭﺎﺠﺷﻷﺍ Pinus sp.
ﲔﻋﻮ� ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻗﺍﺭﻭﺃﻭ ﻦﻜﺴﳌﺍ ﺓﺪﻴﺣﻭ :
-A ﺔﻓﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻔﺷﺮﺣﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺑﺇ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ .
-B ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ ﺔﻴﻀﻴﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻔﺷﺮﺣﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ .
-C ﺔﻳﺮﺑﺇ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﺷﺮﺣ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ .
-D ﺔﻓﺎﺟ ﺔﻴﻔﺷﺮﺣﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ .
ﺏ - ﺎﻬﺘﻣﺎﻗﺃ ﺔﻠﺣﺭ ﰲ ﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺎﻬﺘ�ﺭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺔﻴ�ﻮﺠﻴﺷﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺒ� ﺔﻴ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﺖﺒﻫﺫ ﺓﺪﲜ ﺕﺎﻨﺒﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﱰﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻛ
ﻳﺮﻌﺗﻭ ﺭﻮﺼﻠﻟ ﻡﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺕﺎﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﺪﻗ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻬﺘ�ﺍ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻉﺍﻮ�ﻷ ﺕﺎﺒ� ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ ﻢﻫﺃﻭ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺮﺼﺘﳐ ﻒ
.
ﻮﻫ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍﻭ ، ﺕﺎﺒﻟﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺭﺎﻘﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺀﺰﳉﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ
٢ . ﻦﻣ ٧
...
...
...
ﺩ - ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﰲ ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﺗ ﺔﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻲﺤﺿﻭ :
١ . Anthoceros
... :
٢ . Funaria :
...
...
٣ . Sphagnum :
...
٤ . Adiantum :
...
...
٥ . Marchantia :
...
٧ ﻦﻣ ٣
...
...
٣ . ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﻭﺪﺧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ، ﺔﻳﺪﻴﳊﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﲣ ﻕﺎﺳ
Equisetum sp.
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﲔﻋﻮ� ﺰﻴﲤ ﱃﺇ
. Selaginella sp. ﺕﺎﺒ� ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﻆﻓﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻒﺸﻜﺗ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ٢.
...
...
...
ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻜﺳﻭﺮﳚﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ
. Funaria sp.
...
...
ﺝ - ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﺴﻓ :
ﺕﺎﺒ� ﺔﺒﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﺘﺳﱪﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﻸﻟ ١.
ﺱ ٢ ﺃ – ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ
"
ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﳌﺎﻋ "
ﺕﺎﻴ�ﻮﺠﻴﺷﺭﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﰲ ﻪﳝﺪﻘﺘﻟ ﺚﲝ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﺒ� ﺔﻴ�ﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺰﻴﲤ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺕﺎﺒ� ﻞﻛ ﻂﺑﺭ ﻦﻤﻀﺘﻳ
ﺔﻴ�ﻮﺠﻴﺷﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻄﻴﺴﺑ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﻤﻛ ﻲﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ
، ﻦﻤﻗ ﺎﻣ ﺺﺨﻠﳌ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ
ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺰﻴﳝ ﺎﲟ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺭ ﻲﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ
.
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ
ﻲﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﻟﺍ
( ) ﺕﺎﻴﻣﻼﺳﻭ ﺪﻘﻋ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻤﺴﻘﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺰﻳﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﳍﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺓﺪﻘﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻕﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺣ ﺔﻗﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﻪﺒﺸﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ Pislotum flaccidum .
) ١ ( ﺔﻴﺴﻨﳉﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﺗ ﹼﱄﻭﻷﺍ ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺜﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ
( ) .
( ) ﻢﺠﳊﺍ ﺓﲑﺒﻛ ﺓﺪﺋﺎﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺀﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﻫ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ
ﻢﻋﱪﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﰲ ًﺎﻴ�ﻭﺰﻠﺣ ﺔﻔﺘﻠﻣﻭ ﺔﺒﻛﺮﻣ Ricciocarpus .
) ٢ ﱄﺍﻮﺣ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﺑ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻛ ﺲﻴﻛ (
٣٢ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﰲ ﺔﺴﻤﻐﻨﻣ ﺓﺮﺣ ﺓﺍﻮ�
ﺔﻌﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺓﻮﺠﻔﺑ ﻂﻴﲢ ﻡﺯﻼﺑﻮﺘﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻄﻴﳏ ( ) .
( ) ﺔﻴﺛﻼﺛ ﻰﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﲬ ﺔﻌﻠﻀﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﳍﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻴﺴﻟﺍ
ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺀﺍﺰﺟﺃ ﰲ Sigillaria .
) ٣ ﰲ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺘﺳﻼﺑ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﺻﺮﻗ ﺱﻮﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻢﺠﺣ ﰲ ﺕﺎﺒ� (
ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﳝﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﲔﺣ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ( ) .
( ) ﻨﳌﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻳ ﻕﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻨﺴﳌﺍ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺔﻘﻄ
ﺔﻴﻣﺭﺩﻭﺪ�ﺇ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺽﺭﺍﻮﻋ ﻩﱪﻌﺗ ﻲ�ﺍﻮﻄﺳﺍ ﻒﻳﻮﲡ ﺓﺮﺸﻘﻟﺍ Pallavicinia .
) ٤ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﻫ ﺕﺍﻮﻨﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺓﺭﻭﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ ﻁﻮﻴﺧ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﺞﻴﺴ� (
ﺔﻳﻮﻬﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻃ ( ) .
( ) ﺐﺸﳋﺍ ﻊﻴﲨﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺸﳋﺍ ﻉﺎﺑﺭﺃ ﺙﻼﺛ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﺷﺃ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ
ﻕﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﺻ ﰲ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﺴﳌﺍ Funaria .
) ٥ ﻒﺸﻜﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﺮﲢﻭ ﺎﻬﻗﻼﻃﺇ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻴﺛﺍﺮﳉﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ (
ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ( ).
( ) ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﺒﻃ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﺘﻛ
ﻲﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﺞﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﺑ ﻢﻀﻳ Equistum .
) ٦ ﳋﺍ (
ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻭ ﺮﻀﺧ ﺕﺍﺪﻴﺘﺳﻼﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺜﲤﻭ ﺔﲠﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﺎﻳﻼ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ﻩﺎﺒﺷﺃ ﻲﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ( ) .
( ) ﻦﻣ ﺀﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺺﺘﳝﻭ ﻲﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺴ�ﺃ ﰲ ﻡﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻞﻐﻠﻐﺘﻳ
ﻊﻳﺭﺎﺼﻣ ﻊﺑﺭﺄﺑ ﺢﺘﻔﻳ ﻚﻴﲰ ﺭﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﳍ ﺔﺒﻠﻋ ﻢﺛ ﻞﻳﻮﻃ ﻖﻨﻋ Phaeoceros .
) ٧ ﳍﻮﻃ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﲑﻏ ﺔﻴ�ﺍﻮﻄﺳﺍ (
ﻦﻋ ﺎ ٢ ﻩﺎﺒﺷﺄﺑ ﺓﺎﻄﻐﻣ ﻢﻠﻣ
ﺔﳑﱰﻣ ﺶﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻀﺨﻴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺧ ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍ ( ) .
ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ ﺓﺪﻴﺘﺳﻼﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺧ ﻞﻛ ﻱﻮﺘﲢ ﺔﲠﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﻩﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻊﻴﲨ ﺎﻬﻄﺳﻮﺘﻳ
) ( ﺭﻮﻐﺛﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﺜﲤ ﺞﻴﺴ� ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﻮﺘﳛ ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﺟ ﰲ ﺪﺟﻮﻳﻭ
ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﺘﺳﺮﻣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺎﲥﺪﻋﺎﻗ Cupressus .
) ٨ pyrenoid (
( ) .
( ) ﻩﺩﺪﻋﻭ ﻡﻮﺘﺳﱪﻟﺍ ﺀﺎﻄﻐﻟﺍ ﻁﻮﻘﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻄﻐﻳ
١٦ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺒﺑﺪﳌﺍﻭ ﺝﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻀﻳﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻓﺍﺮﻃﺃ ﺔﹼﻨﺳ Thelypteris .
) ٩ ﻢﺠﳊﺍ ﺓﲑﻐﺻ ﻑﻮﻔﺻ ﺙﻼﺛ ﰲ ﻢﻈﺘﻨﺗ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺃﻭ ﻕﺎﺳ ﱃﺇ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﻲﻗﺭﻭ (
ﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻣ ﻲﻄﺳﻭ ﻕﺮﻋ ﺎﳍﻭ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻥ ( ).
( ) ﺏﺎﺠﳊﺍ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﻟ ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﰲ ﺪﻴﳝﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻊﺴﺘﻳ
ﺔﺒﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻭ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﺘﺳﱪﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﺗ ﻻﻭ ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ Polytrichum .
) ١٠ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﺜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﺋﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺔﻗﺭﻮﻠﻟ ﻱﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﺟﻮﻳ (
ﺔﻳﻮﳉﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﻃﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﻷﺍ ﺐﻴﺠﺘﺴﺗﻭ ( ) .
١٣
ﺏ - ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺸ�
)
Florin, 1963
( ﺏﻮﻠﻄﳌﺍﻭ ، ﺓﺭﻮﺸﻨﳌﺍ ﺙﺎﲝﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﳉﺍ ﺕﺬﺧﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺔﻴ�ﻮﺠﻴﺷﺭﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﰲ ﺙﺎﲝﺃ ﺓﺪﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻂﺧ ﺎﻬﺘﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﲨﺮﺗ
ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﺕﺎ�ﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻢﺳﺭ :
ﳉﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺸﺗ ﻲﺳﺃﺮﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻄﻘﻟﺍ
ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻭﺮﻛ ﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻘﻨﻌﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴ ﰲﻭ . ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻄﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺱﻭﺆﻛ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ .١ ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺎﺑ ﻑﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﺴﻟﺎﺟ
ﺔﻴﻣﻼﳍﺍ .
٤
ﻦﻣ ٧
٥
ﻦﻣ ٧
...
....
...
٢ . ﻤﳊﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﺎﳘﻼﻛﻭ ، ﺔﻀﻳﻮﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺎﻤﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﺔﺑﺮﻘﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳘﻭ ﻱﻮﺜ�ﻷﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﲔﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﲔﺗﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﺸﻜﺗ ﻞﻤﺘﻜﻳ ــﻳﺎ
ﺼﳊﺍ ﰲﻭ ﺔ ـ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻮ
، ﻪﺋﺍﺬﻏ ﻨﺗﻭ ﻤ ﻉﺮﻔﺘﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺡﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﻮﺒ�ﺃ ﻮ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﻴﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺴ�ﺃ ﻢﻀﲥ ﺕﺎﳝﺰ�ﺇ ﺯﺮﻔﺗﻭ
.
٣ . ﺎﻳﻼﳋﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﳋﺍ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﳊﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻳﻭ ﻖﻴﻗﺭ ﻲﻗﺎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻆﻠﻐﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﺜﻠﺜﻓ ﺔﲠﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻌﻴﲨ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﺎﳖﺃ ّﻻﺇ
. ﺀﺎﻄﻐﻟﺍ ﻒﳚ ﻢﻴﺛﺍﺮﳉﺍ ﺞﻀﻨﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻭ
ﺜﺒﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻳﻭ ، ﻑﺎﻔﺠﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﻆﻓﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺗ ﻚﻟﺬﺑﻭ ﻂﻘﺴﻳ ﻢﺛ ﻞﺑﺬﻳﻭ ﻱﺮ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﳊﺍ ﺡﺎﺘﻔ�ﺍ
ﺎﻣ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﺛﺮﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﲠ
ﲔﺘﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻴﺛﺍﺮﺟ ﲔﺘﻴﻟﺎﺘﺘﻣ
.
ﺝ - ﺕﺎﺒ� ﻩﺎ�ﺩﺃ ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﲔﺒﳌﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻞﺜﲤ ﺍ
ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺋﺍﻮﺘﺳ spike-mosses
. ﻢﻀﻳ ﲑﺒﻛ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻮﻫﻭ ٧٠٠
ﺮﻄﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﻳﺰﻏ ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﺗ ﻉﻮ�
ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺟﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻰﺑﺮﺗﻭ ﺔﻨﻳﺰﻠﻟ ﻪﻋﺍﻮ�ﺃ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻉﺭﺰﺗﻭ .
ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺪﻟ ﺔﻤﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﳌﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻊﻣ ﻲﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺪﺣﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﰲﺮﻌﺗ .
...
...
...
٦
ﻦﻣ ٧
ﺱ ٣ ﺃ - ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﺕﺎ�ﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻢﺳﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﲔﺑ ﻲ�ﺭﺎﻗ
:
١ . ﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻆﻓﺍﻮﺣ ﻊﻤﳎ ﰲ ﻱ
Psilotium ﻭ
Equistum .
٢
.
...
ﰲ ﺔﺜ�ﺆﳌﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺯﺍﺰﳊﺍ ﺓﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ Funaria
.
٣
. ﰲ ﱄﻮﻃ ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺛ
Riccia ﻭ
Marchantia .
...
...
...
....
...
..
...
١٢
٧
ﻦﻣ ٧
ﺏ - ﻴﲨ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻞﺑ ﺔﺠﺴ�ﺃ ﱃﺇ ًﺎﻴﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﻻ ﻪ�ﺃ ﺫﺇ ﺎﻴ�ﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺯﺍﺰﳊﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻴﺠﻴﺸﳌﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﻃﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮ�ﺃ ﻂﺴﺑﺃ ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﳝ ﺎﻬﻄﺳﻮﺘﻳ ﺀﺍﺮﻀﺧ ﺓﺪﻴﺘﺳﻼﺑ ﺔﻴﻠﺧ ﻞﻛ ﻱﻮﺘﲢﻭ ﺔﲠﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﻩﺎﻳﻼﺧ ﻊ
ﺐﻠﺤﻄﺑ ﺔﺌﻴﻠﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﻫ ﻒﻳﻭﺎﲡ ﱃﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﺕﺎﺤﺘﻓ ﺱﻮﻟﺎﺜﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻭ
Nostoc sp. pyrenoid
ﺔﻴﻠﻓﺎﻜﺗ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻣ ًﺎﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻴﻌﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ .
ﻢﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﺎﳌ ﻚﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﲤﺇ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﻚﻨﻜﳝ ﺕﺎﻴ�ﻮﺠﻴﺷﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﺪﻳﺪﲢﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﺴﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻊﻣ ﻷﺍ
ﳘ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴ ﻪﻟ
.
ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﻷﺍ
:
١ .
...
...
...
..
... ...
...
...
ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ :
ﺝ - ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﲏﻴﺑ :
١ . ﻡﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﻜﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺑﺫﺎ Sphagnum sp.
.
...
٢ . ﰲ ﺔﻳﱰﻟﻷﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﳊﺍ Pellia sp.
.
...
...
٣ . ﻓﻮﺑﻷﺍ ﺞﻴﺴ�
ﰲ ﺲﺴﻴ Funaria sp.
.
...
...
٤ . true indusium ﰲ
Adiantum sp.
.
...
ﻢﺴﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺭ
ﺩ . ﻱﺩﻮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﳚﺪﺧ ﺓﺩﺎﳌﺍ ﺓﺫﺎﺘﺳﺃ
ﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺗﺍﻮﻋﺩ ﺡﺎﺠﻨ
ﺩ . ﱯﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﻒﻃﺍﻮﻋ
٨
ﺓﺮﻘﻓ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺇ )
ﺃ : (
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹﺍ ﻪﻳﺪﲡ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻲﻠﻠﻇ ﻴﻓ
ﻲﻠﻳ ﺎﻤ ) ﺓﺮﻘﻓ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ (
:
١ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
٢ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
٣ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
٤ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
٥ . ( ) A ( ) B
) C ( ( ) D
٦ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
٧ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
٨ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ) D
(
٩ . ) A ( ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
١٠ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ) D
(
١١ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
١٢ . ( ) A ) B
( ( ) C
( ) D
١٣ . ( ) A ( ) B
( ) C ) D
(
١٤ . ) A ( ( ) B
( ) C ( ) D
١٥ . A
( ) D ( ) C ( ) B ( )
