ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﻘﻮق

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4/19/2009

Dr. M. El-Shafei

[email protected]

0540322415 “Cell phone”

2009-2009-14301430

قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ

ESR 313

Sundays @ 12:01 Pm Sundays @ 12:01 Pm

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What are Fractures ?

Fractures (from the Latin fractus, which

means “broken” are surfaces along which

rocks or minerals have brocken

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“ “

Fractures

Fractures are surfaces along which rocks or are surfaces along which rocks or minerals have broken; they are therefore surfaces minerals have broken; they are therefore surfaces

across which the material has lost cohesion across which the material has lost cohesion ” ”

Fractures have two parallel surfaces that meet at the fracture front these surfaces are

approximately planar

The relative displacement of originally adjacent points across the fractures is small compared to

the fracture length..

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ﺔﺳارد ﻰﻟإ رﺮﻘﻤﻟا اﺬه فﺪﻬﻳ :

١ -

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا ﺎﻬﻋاﻮﻧأ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗو قﻮﻘﺸﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ .

٢ -

رﻮﺨﺼﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻳﺰﻴﻔﻟاو ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻴﻤﻟا صاﻮﺨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﺮﺛأ نﺎﻴﺒﺗ .

٣ -

قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﺢﻄﺳﻷ ةﺰﻴﻤﻤﻟا ﺮهاﻮﻈﻟا ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ .

٤ -

ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺰﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟاو قﻮﻘﺸﻟا رﺎﺸﺘﻧاو ﺔآﺮﺣ ﺔﻴﻔﻴآ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ

٥ -

ﻘﺸﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا عاﻮﻧﻷا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا دﺎﻬﺟﻹا روﺎﺤﻣ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ قﻮ

.

٦ - ﺔآﺮﺣو ﻊﻳزﻮﺗو ةﺄﺸﻧ عوﺪﺼﻟا

ﺔﻳﺮﺳﺪﻟا

. .

٧ - نﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴآ

عوﺪﺼﻟا تﺎﻴﻄﻟاو ﺔﺟودﺰﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻓﺪﻧﻻا

ﺔﻳﺮﺳﺪﻟا

. .

٨ -

رﻮﺨﺼﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﻧﺎﻜﻴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ةراﺮﺣ ﺔﺟردو ﻂﻐﺿ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺟرﺎﺨﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .

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ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ عﻮﺟﺮﻟا ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻰﺘﻟا ﻊﺟاﺮﻤﻟا

Twiss, R.J. and Moores, E.M. (1992) Structural Geology.

Freeman and Company, USA.

Park, R.G. (1986) Foundations of Structural Geology.

Blackie & Son Ltd, London

.

Ramsay, J.G. (1967) Fracturing and Folding of Rocks.

McGraw-Hill, New York.

Ramsay, J.G. and Huber, M.I. (1983) The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Vol.2 : Folds and Fractures.

Academic Press, London.

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LECTURE

Test 1: 10% = Sun. 9/4/30 Test 2: 10% = Sun. 8/5/30 Test 3: 10% = Sun. 7/6/30 Final: 30% = Late 6/30

Presentation: 5%

Attendance: 5%

LABORATORY

Lab assignments & Attendance : 10%

Lab Practical exam: 20%

The lecture final exam will be cumulative over lecture material. The lecture exams will be composed primarily of essay type questions, multiple choice or true/false questions….

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1-Joints

2- Dip-slip Normal faults Term paper

4- Strike-slip faults 5- Thrust faults

3- Dip-slip Reverse faults

6- Shear fractures

Definition, types, mechanisms, significance Definition, types, mechanisms, significance

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FRACTURE ANALYSIS

Study of joints in an area will give information about the sequence and timing of formation.

It will also provide information on:- 1- The timing & geometry of the brittle

deformation of the crust and

2- The way fractures propagate through the

rocks.

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ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﺔﺳارد ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺗ نأ ﺐﺠﻳو ﻲﻠﻳ :

١ -

قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﺔﺳﺪﻨهو ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ٢ -

قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﺢﻄﺳأ ﺮهاﻮﻇ ٣ -

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا قﻮﻘﺸﻟا نﻮﻜﺘﻟ ﻲﺒﺴﻨﻟا ﻦﻣﺰﻟا

٤ - ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا ﻊﻣ قﻮﻘﺸﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺪﻨﻬﻟا ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟا

ىﺮﺧﻷا

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Extensional Fracture

In extensional fractures the Fracture plane is oriented parallel to σ1 and σ 2 and perpendicular to σ 3.

Three types of fractures have been identified:

| Mode I

fractures (joints) it is the extensional fractures and formed by opening with no

displacement parallel to the fracture surface (Fig. A).

| Mode II

and Mode III are shear fractures. These are faults like fractures one of them is strike -slip and the other is dip-slip

Same fracture can exhibit both mode II and mode III in

different parts of the region.

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Shear fractures

Tension fractures