Comparison Between Bottom and Side Injection of Bentonite Slurry in Treatment of Sand Dunes

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Journal of Engineering Science, Assiut University, Vol.38, No. 1, pp.242-258, January 2010

Comparison Between Bottom and Side Injection of Bentonite Slurry in Treatment of Sand Dunes

Al- Maghrabi M. H. ; Aboushook, M.I; Fadol, Abbas and Abdelhaffez, Gamal S.

Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Movement of sand dunes in the Arabian Peninsula hinder land development, expansion of city limits, and cause hazard in paved roads across arid areas. Population growth and environmental construction have been harmed by these sand dune blunders. Sand dunes stabilization has been the concerns of many government agencies and academic institutions. Many researches have contributed various methods to counter the sand dunes movement. Some of these researches have used agriculture scheme to attain stabilization. Such project requires continuous supply of water and needs several years to realize its objective. Lack of careful monitoring or a shortage of water supply would rapidly degrade the stabilization process, and sand dunes eventually bounce back to uncontrolled movement and desertification. Other researchers opted for chemical and polymers components as stabilization agents. It stabilizes only the top surface of the sand dunes. A moderate air draft/ gust of air would erode the top cover and thus frees the underneath sand dunes to move unrestrained/ uncontrolled. Additionally, using chemical and polymers components are not environmentally advocated

This research is a first part of competent research program studying different methods of sand dunes treatment using bentonite ore which are: mixing& compaction with bentonite powder and slurry; surface and subsurface spraying of bentonite slurry;

bottom and side injection of bentonite slurry.

This study has used the non- active calcium bentonite ore coming from khulais region, Saudi Arabia. This deposit has a very big reserve near to the surface and it is not used as commercial product until now and it is a natural clay deposit and has an ability to bind the sand grains and to conserve water for very long time. The stabilization process by this proposed method is not only on the surface of sand dunes but also to some depths from surface. That is to provide a relative thick bed on the sand dune surface that has the ability to resist wind blew and erosion. In addition, it is able to conserve water for very long time.

This paper deals with the comparison between bottom and side injection of bentonite slurry in sand treatment. The method which used bottom injection gives some improvement in engineering properties of sand dunes. Their values increased to (3.5- 4.0) times the original values compared with only (1.0-1.50) times the original values in the case of using side injection. These values have been obtained after 30 days of the treatment and using only 1% of bentonite concentration compared with 5 years after traditional treatments.

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