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KAAU
KING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY
ACADEMIC ASSESSMENT UNIT
COURSE PORTFOLIO
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN DEPARTMENT
of ARCHITECTURECOURSE NAME:
Comparative in Architectural Thought
COURSE NUMBER: AR 321
SEMESTER/YEAR: 2nd / 1425-1426 H DATE: 20/2/1426 H
Prepared By:
Farooq A. H. Mofti
(Associate Professor) Assisted By:Ayman Al-Itany
(Teaching Assistant)2
PART II
COURSE SYLLABUS
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Instructor Information
Name of Instructors
Farooq A. H. Mofti
Associate ProfessorRoom 437, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Design Building.
Date of Birth : 05 - 09 - 1950
Place of Birth: Makkah , Saudi Arabia
Office hours: from Saturday to Wednesday, from 9 am to 3 pm.
Contact:
- Work:
Chairman of the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Design,
King Abdul Aziz University, P.O.Box 80210, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Phone : 6952190 / 6952188 / 6952443 / 6402000 Ext. 66556
Fax : 6952756
- Home:
P. O. Box 8933, Jeddah, 21492 - E-Mail:
[email protected] - Personal Website:
http://www.kaau.edu.sa/fmofti/
Education:
- 1981: Rensslaer Poly Technique, Troy, New York, USA. Ph.D.:
Urban Housing Design, Architecture.
- 1978: University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, USA, Master of Science: Environic Design, Architecture.
- 1974: King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Bachelor of Architecture
4 Work Experience:
- Principle Investigator of King Abdul Aziz University Entry of The Art Work competition for King Fahd International Airport Project, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- Design Team Leader of Development of construction document for the Art Work Project for King Fahd International Airport, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- Member of the research project: Development of Urban Land use Legislations and Building Codes for Saudi Arabia.1st. report
- Member of the research project: Openings and Fenestration Design Patterns of Traditional Buildings in the Context of Saudi Arabia.
- Member of the research project: Apartment Design for Saudi family with children needs in Mind.
Areas of Expertise:
- Architectural Design in Cultural and Environmental Context.
- Theory of architecture and Design.
- Sustainable Development : Architecture , Urban Design ,
- Urban Housing Design: Redevelopment and Upgrading both physical and socioeconomics.
- Building Integrated Management Systems.
Major Publications:
- Mofti, Farooq "modern Figural Characteristics changes in the Built Environment of Saudi Arabia".
- Mofti, Farooq "Urban Housing Design in the Context of Saudi Arabia Social and Environmental Conditions: Potentials and Constrains".
- El-Embabi, Asem, Mofti, Farooq, Hafzallah, A.Hafeez "Comparative Study for Opening and Widows' Shapes in Saudi Arabia".
- Daghistani, A. Majeed, Mofti, Farooq "importance of the Documentation of Traditional Urban and Architectural Terminologies: Case Study: Makkah".
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Course Information
Comparative Architectural Thoughts II AR 321
Lecture times & places:
Sunday & Wednesday from 10:00am to 11:50am, At the seminar room #306, 2nd floor, FED Building Course website address:
www.kaau.edu.sa/fmofti/
Course Prerequisites:
- Attending classes actively.
- Performing will in quiz's and exams.
- Satisfying the requirements of the assignments and turn papers.
- Submission of the above before there specified dead line.
Course Description & Methodology:
- The course will be delivered in the form of illustrated lecture seminar basis, encouraging more students' involvement in the process.
- The subject information will be abstracted from various manifestations of architectural thoughts (i.e. architectural archetypes, theories and their architectural production).
- The links among these manifestations will be explored within various physical and cultural contexts.
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Course Objectives
- Course objectives is structured to:
• Expose the students to the thoughts, ideas and interests that provided the bases for shaping the built environment.
• Help the students make an informed design decisions consistent with the values and concerns of the region.
- Emphasis will be on Ancient. Pre and Post industrial
development in global context, and on the relationship of these developments with:
• The Islamic principles and Saudi Arabia’s special context.
• The prevailing physical and socio-economic conditions.
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The student will learn the following:
• Architecture styles and movement, from classical to contemporary.
• The factor to development of architecture thoughts i.e. social, governmental, environmental, as will as technical development, scientific and architectural.
• Analyze the design project in terms of spaces, shaping and formal composition.
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The student is expected to demonstrate competency of dealing
with discussing the above issues, their effect and relationships
to architectural design of building.
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Learning Resources
Text Book:
Bill Risebero, The Story of Western Architecture, Second Addition (Herbert Press., 1997)
Steele, James Architecture Today, (London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1997)
There will not be one single text book which covers the wide range of information and views to be expressed in the course. However, a selection of few major books is listed below, while the others will be indicated to the students when necessary.
Banham, Reyner, Theory and Design in the First Machine Age, 2nd. edition, (London: Architectural Press, 1981).
Benevelo, L.A. History of Modern Architecture, Vol. I&II(Cambridge, Mas:
MIT Press 1971).
Blake, Brent, Form Follows Fiasco: Why Modern Architecture has not worked (Boston, Mass: Little Brown and Company, 1977).
Colguhoun, Alan. Essays in Architectural Criticism: Modern Architecture and Historical Change (Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 1981).
Curtis, W.J.R. Modern Architecture Since 1900 (New York: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1983).
Frampton, K. Modern Architecture: a Critical History (London: Thames and Hudson Litd., 1980).
For Additional Readings:
Gideon, S. Space. Time and Architecture (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Press, 1941).
Hitchcock. Henry-Russell. The Pelican History of Art (New York: Penguin Books, 1978).
8 Jencks, Charles. The Language of Post-Modern Architecture (New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. 1977).
Lcnsnikowski, Wojciech G. Rationalism and Romanticism in Architecture, (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company 1982).
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Existence, Space and Architecture, (New York:
Praeger Publisher, Inc., 1971)
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, (New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1980).
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Meaning in Western Architecture, (New York:
Rizzoli International Publication Inc,.1981).
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Intentions in Architecture, 5th edition, (C1mbridge, Mass: the MIT Press, 1979).
Tafuri, Manfredo. Theories and History of Architecture, (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers 1976).
Web Resources:
- http://archrecord.construction.com/
- http://www.greatbuildings.com/
Additional Web Viewing:
- http://www.aia.org/
- http://www.riba.org/
- http://www.japan-architect.co.jp/
- http://www.deathbyarch.com/
Software Usages:
Although the course dose not depend on software usage nor it is recurred to have the course. A basic knowledge of presentation and production software will be very supportive to the student, in terms of helping him in enhancing his quality of presentation and analysis.
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Course Requirements and Grading
The student will be assessed as follows:
- Attendance and performance in class - Good manner and participation.
- Submission of the required work on time with skillful presentation and substance.
- Adhere to university rules and regulations.
The student will be graded as follows
Grading:Percentage
- Attendance and performance 10
- Quizzes and Assignments 15
- Term paper 15
- Mid-term Exam. 20
- Final Exam. 40
Total 100
Students Expectations and Responsibilities to the Course
- Attend classes actively and on time.- Performing will in quiz's , assignments and exams.
- Satisfying the requirements of the assignments and term paper.
- Submission of the above on there specified dead line
- To be involved and contributing in class, group projects and presentation conducting.
- Satisfying the requirements of the assignments and term papers.
And to take the chance in refining his skills in analysis and comparison of architectural works.
- To hold the ethics and qualities of academic research and originality of work
- Expectations for each assignment and project will be given upon request.
- Seriousness in attending the contribution in the course and originality of work are important rules of academic conduction.
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Detailed Course Schedule
Table of Course Schedule and Sessions
Week
# Session Topic Reading
Assignment What is Due?
1
1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Buy Text Book 2 THE MODERNIST LEGACY
2
3 EUROPEAN RATIONALISM.
Chapter 2&3 4 HIGH-TECH
3
5 MINIMALISM
Chapter 4 6 Reviewing & Desiccations for:
chapters 1 to 4 Homework assignment #1
4
7
THE CLASSICAL REVIVAL
Chapter 5&6
Quiz #1
8
POST - MODERNISM
Submission of home work #1
5
9 DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Chapter 7&8 10
CONTEMPORARY VERNACULAR
6
11 THE NEW EXPRESSIONIST
Chapter 9
Homework assignment #2 12
Reviewing & Desiccations for:
chapters 5 to 9 Quiz #2
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13
Reviewing & Desiccations for:
- chapters 1 to 9 - home works &Quiz
Submission of home work #2
14 Mid-Term Exam
11
Week
# Session Topic Reading
Assignment What is Due?
8
15 ECOLOGICAL
ARCHITECTURE Chapter
10&11 16 THE NEW MODERNS
9
17 POPULIST ARCHITECTURE
Chapter 12&13
Approval of tern paper proposals
18 MEGA STRUCTURES
Homework assignment #3
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19
THE LOS ANGELES AVENT- GRADE
Chapter 14
Quiz #3
20 Reviewing & Desiccations for:
chapters 10 to 14 Submission of home work #3
11
21 EXPERIMENTATION IN JAPAN
Chapter 15&16 22 WORLD CITY
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23
Reviewing & Desiccations for:
- chapters 10 to 16 - home works &Quiz
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Conclusion :
Overview of the issues discussed in the course.
Debate amongst the students and the staff for further elaboration on certain issues discussed in the course.
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25 Group Project Presentations Tern paper submission and Final Presentations 26 Group Project Presentations
Final Presentations
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27 28
Final Exam all sections As of university exam schedule
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PART III
COURSE RELATED MATERIAL
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Final Exam (answer key)
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Example for term papers titles
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Assignment Example (blank)
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EXAMPLES OF STUDENT
LEARNING
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FINAL EXAME SAMPLES
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Normal Example
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Poor Example
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Student Records
45 يرﺎﻤﻌﻤﻟاﺮﻜﻔﻠﻟﺔﻧرﺎﻘﻣﺔﺳارد
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٢ .S..W.. 3 AR -321-01 2 05
تﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺔﺑﺎﺘآ ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟا ﺔﺟرﺪﻟا ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟا ﻢﺳأ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻟا ﻢﻗر م نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﻌﺒﺳ B+ 87 يوﻼﺤﻄﻟا يﺪﺟو ﻦﺑ قرﺎﻃ ﻒﻳﺎﻧ 0050842 1 موﺮﺤﻣ DN DN ﻲﺗﻼﻳﻮﻧ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﻊﻳﺪﺒﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﻴﺳﺎﻳ 0061592 2
و ﺔﻌﺑرأ
نﻮﻌﺒﺳ C 74 ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻤﺣا ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ 0150396 3 ﺐﺳار F F ﻪﻴﺼﻋﻮﺑا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻞﻌﺸﻣ 0151332 4 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺛﻼﺛ B 83 ﻲﻧاﺮهﺰﻟا ﺪﻤﺣا ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ لدﺎﻋ 0151602 5 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺪﺣاو C 71 ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳا ﺪﻤﺣا ﺮﻴهز ﺪﻤﺣا 0250865 6 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺘﺳ C+ 76 ﻲﻤﻠﺴﻟا ﺶﻴﻄﻏ ﺢﻠﻔﻣ لﻼﻃ 0250873 7 ﺐﺳار F F ﺮﻴﻗﻮﺧ ﻞﻴﻤﺟ قورﺎﻓ ﻲﻣار 0250875 8 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺛ C+ 78 ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻰﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﻲﻧﺎه ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ 0250877 9 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو نﺎﻨﺛا B 82 يدﻮﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺪﻤﺣا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ 0251162 10 نﻮﺘﺳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺛ D+ 68 ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺮﻔﻟا ﻢﻴهاﺮﺑا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ تﺎﻓﺮﻋ 0251432 11 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻌﺑرأ C 74 ﻲﻧﺎﺼﻤﻗ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﺢﻟﺎﺻ مﺎﺳو 0251911 12 نﻮﺘﺳو ﺔﻌﺑرأ D 64 ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺮﻟا ﺪﻴﻤﺣ دﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻴﺠﻤﻟاﺪﺒﻋ 0252254 13 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻌﺒﺳ C+ 77 نﺎﺒﺻ ﻦﻳز ﺪﻴﻟو ﺪﻟﺎﺧ 0252260 14 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛ B 80 يﺪﻣﺎﻐﻟا ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ جاﺮﺳ ﻲﻠﻋ 0252635 15 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ B+ 85 رﺎﺠﻨﻟا ﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﻞﻴﺒﻧ ﻒﻳﺎﻧ 0261668 16 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺛﻼﺛ B 83 ﺢﻴﺴﻜﻟا نﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﺮﻤﻋ رﺎﻤﻋ 0350784 17 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛ B 80 سﺪﻋ سﺎﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻳﺮﻜﻟاﺪﺒﻋ 0350785 18 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﻌﺑرأ B 84 ﻲﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻣا ﺪﻴﻌﺳﺪﻤﺤﻣ رﺎﻤﻋ 0350791 19 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺛ C+ 78 زﺎﺒﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ 0350793 20 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺛﻼﺛ B 83 ﻲﺸﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻣا ﺢﻟﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ 0350799 21
46 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ C+ 75 ﻲﺳﻮﺴﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻤﺣا نﺎﻳر 0350800 22 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ B+ 85 يﺮﻴﻄﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ رﺪﺑ نﺎﻄﻠﺳ 0350806 23
ﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ
نﻮ B+ 85 ﺮﻜﺴﻟ ﺪﻴﺷﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻞﻴﻤﺟ ﻢﻴﺳو 0350808 24 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺘﺳ C+ 76 يﺪﻣﺎﻐﻟا ﺪﻤﺣا ﻲﻠﻋ سرﺎﻓ 0350811 25 نﻮﺘﺳو ﺔﻌﺒﺳ D+ 67 ﻲﻘﻠﻓ ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻟا 0351247 26 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻌﺒﺳ C+ 77 ﻲﻧﺎﻄﺤﻘﻟا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ 0351334 27 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛ B 80 ﻲﻧﻮﺘﻳز ﻦﺴﺣ يزﺎﻏ نﺎﻳر 0351386 28 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻌﺑرأ C 74 ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻓ ردﺎﻘﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻞﻴﻤﺟ ﺪﻤﺣا 0351435 29 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ C+ 75 ﻲﻣﺎﻴﻟا يﺪﻬﻣ ﻲﻠﻋ داﻮﺟ 0351450 30 ﺐﺳار F F يﺪﻨﻬﻟا ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﺮﻣﺎﺛ 0351457 31 نﻮﺘﺳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺛ D+ 68 يﺪﻣﺎﻐﻟا ﻰﺴﻴﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ 0351485 32 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺘﺳ C+ 76 ﻲﻠﺑﺎآ ﺪﻤﺣا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﺳا 0351500 33 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺛﻼﺛ C 73 يﺮﻴﺴﻋ ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺣا ﻲﻠﻋ 0351505 34 نﻮﻌﺴﺗو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ A+ 95 ﻲﻤﻜﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻢﻴهاﺮﺑا ﺪﻤﺤﻣ 0351523 35 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﺛﻼﺛ C 73 ﻲﺛرﺎﺤﻟا ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﻲﻧﺎه 0351525 36 نﻮﻌﺴﺗ A 90 نﺎﻣ ﻲﺟ ﺪﻤﺣا ﻒﺻا رﺎﻤﻋ 0352120 37
نﻮﺘﺳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺛ D+ 68 ﺪﻳزﻮﺑا ﻪﻗﺪﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻨﻬﻣ 0352121 38 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛ B 80 ﺮآاذ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ زاﻮﻓ ﺪﻨﻬﻣ 0352122 39 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ B+ 85 سورﺪﻴﻌﻟا ﻦﺴﺣ سورﺪﻴﻋ ﺪﻤﺣا 0352223 40
ﻧﺎﻤﺛ
نﻮ B 80 ﻢﺠﻋد ﻦﺑ بﺎهﻮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺣا 0352583 41 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛ B 80 سﺎﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻴﺒﻋ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺮهﺎﻣ 0352626 42 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛ B 80 حاﺪﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ ردﺎﻘﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻒهار 0352821 43 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ B+ 85 يرﺎﺨﺑ ﻢﻴﻠﺤﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻢﻴﺣﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺣا 0352825 44 نﻮﻌﺴﺗ A 90 يزﺎﺠﺣ ﻞﻴﻤﺟ ﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻞﻴﻤﺟ 0353207 45 نﻮﻧﺎﻤﺛو ﺔﺛﻼﺛ B 83 ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ نﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻒﻳﺎﻧ 0353212 46 نﻮﻌﺒﺳو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺛ C+ 78 ﻲﺳﺎﺴﻟا ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ ﻢﻴهاﺮﺑا ﻦﺴﺣ 0353285 47 نﻮﺘﺳو ﺔﺴﻤﺧ D+ 65 ﺮﻴﻗﻮﺧ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻞﻴﺒﻧ ﻢﻬﻠﻣ 0353297 48
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QUIZ SAMPLES
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لاﺆﺴﻟا
:
ﺎﻬﻌﻳرﺎﺸﻣ ﻢهأو ﺎهداور ﺪﺣأ و ﺎﺑوروا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ةرﺎﻤﻌﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻢهأ ﺮآذا
؟
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹا :
ﺎﺑوروا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟا ةرﺎﻤﻌﻟا ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ :
١
ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻐﻄﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻃﺎﺴﺒﻟا
-٢
ا ﻦﻋ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟا ﺲﻧﺎﺠﺘﻟاو ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﻳﺮﺼﻟا لﺎﻜﺷﻷا
-ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺐآاﺮﺘﻟ
٣
ﺔﻴﻄﻐﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺔﻳرﺎﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا
-يرﺎﻤﻌﻤﻟا ﺎهداور ﻢهاو )
ﻮﻟﺮﻴﺑ ﻚﻴﻨﻴﻣود (
ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻤﻟا ﻢهأو )
ﻮﻟﺮﺗاو ﺔﻄﺤﻣ (
اﺮﺘﻠﺠﻧاو ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺒﺳا ﻦﻴﺑ ﻂﺑﺮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا
Good Example
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Poor Example
ASSIGNMENT
SAMPLES
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Example (1)
لاﺆﺴﻟا
O:
؟ ﺮﻓﻮﻠﻟا ﻒﺤﺘﻤﻟ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ضﺮﻋو ﺚﺤﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹا
O:
ثﻮﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا نﻷ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﺑﺎﺟا ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻻ
O Good Example
51
52
53
O Poor Example
54
55
Example (2)
لاﺆﺴﻟا
O:
ﺖﻳارﺪﻳﻮﻟ ﻚﻧاﺮﻔﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻌﻟا ةرﺎﻤﻌﻟا ﻢﻴهﺎﻔﻣ ﻲه ﺎﻣ
؟
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹا O
: ا ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻻ ثﻮﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا نﻷ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﺑﺎﺟ
O Good Example
56
O Poor Example
57
Example (3)
لاﺆﺴﻟا
O:
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ضﺮﻋو ﺚﺤﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ نﺪﻤﻟا ﻂﻴﻄﺨﺗ تﺎﻴﺠﻴﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﻋ
؟
58
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹا O
: ثﻮﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا نﻷ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﺑﺎﺟا ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻻ
O Good Example
59
60
O Poor Example
61
Example (4)
لاﺆﺴﻟا
O:
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ﺚﺤﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦﻴﻳرﺎﻤﻌﻤﻟا ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻤﻟ
) ﻩوﺮﻳد نﺎﻓ ﺲﻴﻣ ) (
ﺪﻳﺪﺣ ﺎهز (
؟
ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﺔﺑﺎﺟﻹا O
: ثﻮﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا نﻷ ﺔﺤﻴﺤﺻ ﺔﺑﺎﺟا ﺪﺟﻮﺗﻻ
O Good Example
62
63
O Poor Example
64
65
