Water and electricity are among the most demanding elements in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main aim of this thesis is to exploit the current knowledge of the power systems in different fields and contribute with a new approach for the concentrated solar power system capable of generating the required energy through different power systems. The main approach adopts the scientific method which includes the comparative analysis of related literature results to the specification of the research problem.
The work concludes with the main findings that prove the ability of the new approach to provide a good solution to the well-defined research problem. The key deliverables of the scientific methods represent a strong action for the improvement of the sustainable energy through the vision of the Kingdom to replace the consumption of the oil with the clean and renewable resources to generate power in different places in the kingdom that have problems with access to electricity and water.
- Introduction /overview/significance
- Importance and Motivation
- Aim
- Objectives
Also, this work aims to propose a new efficient system for collecting solar energy. To determine the efficiency of the proposed system, simulation and evaluation of the Reif solar concentrator system was performed. In this thesis, the Reif solar concentrating system can show a simulation phase using high-performance package software, and also the absolutely simulated solar concentrating system that follows will be compared with various existing alternative energy production units.
The need to support desert terrain with advanced solar desalination systems based on renewable energy methods. The main question addressed by this thesis is the following: What are the key components of a new solar concentrator system that will improve its efficiency.
Background
Related Research/Literature Review
- History of solar energy
- Photovoltaic (PV)
- Concentrating solar power (CSP)
- Parabolic trough collectors
- Linear Fresnel
- Parabolic dish
- Solar tower (central receiver)
When considering the focus aspect, there are either line focus concentrators (parabolic boundary collectors and Augustin Jean Fresnel linear collectors) or point focus concentrators (center receiver systems, parabolic troughs and Scheffler systems). the road focus is a smaller amount of high price and technically lighter, but not as economical as the goal focus. Thermal efficiency is improved due to the small heat loss area compared to the receiver area. 21 The size of the pipe, and therefore the awareness ratio, is decided through the degree of reflected sunlight and the manufacturing tolerances of the valley.
The disadvantage of a glass tube is that the reflected light from the concentrator must pass through the glass to reach the absorber, including a transmission loss of about 0.9. One of the ways to reduce convective heat losses from the receiver tube and thereby increase the efficiency of the collector (especially in excessively high temperature programs) is to reduce and/or eliminate the gap between the glass cover tube and the receiver [29]. A parabolic circular reflector is a point collector that follows the sun in 2 axes and concentrates the energy on a receiver placed at a point of interest on the plate (Figure 5) [38].
The capacity of the solar tower plant is between 10 and 200 MW with the annual power of the sun and electricity varying internally.
Reif’s Solar Concentrating system
It can be seen in the figure that 1 is the sun, 2 is direct solar radiation, 3 is the main concentrator which contains the contoured sawtooth, 4 is the radiation reflected from the primary concentrator, 5 is the secondary concentrator, 6 is the reflected radiation from the secondary concentrator, and 7 is the receiver that collects the radiation reflected from the secondary. The field which is used for the collection of solar radiation is called primary concentrated solar field, this primary field is fixed and placed on the ground and can be made of a cheap material, for example concrete. The primary concentrator reflects light into an area of focus, generally of a certain height on top of the surface, which is called the primary focal line.
Each primary concentrator may have an optical surface containing a sawtooth cross-section, this may provide an initial concentration of direct solar radiation. These concentrators are stationary and as the sun moves during the day, according to that movement the focal line moves across and along the focal plane from west to east. Each secondary concentrator can have two optical surfaces and each can function as a linear optical concentrator.
The created arrays of the secondary concentrators transmit the radiation to one or more receivers. The position of the receivers has three options, either to be centrally located in the field of the primary concentrated, or outside the field, or it can be adjusted depending on the time of the year.
Introduction
System Design
They are reflective optical parts (parabolic trough reflectors or linear Fresnel reflectors) that collect and reflect upward to the secondary concentrators solar radiation from the sun. They concentrate solar radiation by directing it to the end of the collection field. The secondary concentrator is responsible for tracking the solar energy that is reflected and partially concentrated.
One of the requirements is the accuracy of the horizontal positioning of the solar concentrator, which is responsible for tracking solar energy (reflected and partially concentrated by the primary concentrators). The purpose of the main concentrators is to focus and reflect the radiation upwards to the solar concentrators. Each primary concentrator is square in shape when viewed vertically and the top surface of the concentrator is a reflective optical surface.
It is responsible for absorbing concentrated solar radiation and is used to collect and transport the solar thermal energy concentrated by the system. RECs are one of the developed devices as they have high capacity and availability in the market. Secondary concentrators concentrate solar radiation and direct it to the end of the field.
The secondary concentrator is placed north-south parallel to the axis of the trough of the corresponding primary concentrator. Its function is to direct the radiation of the sun concentrated by the primary concentrators to the receiver [48]. The focal line, directed from the secondary concentrator, must coincide with the focal line of the primary concentrators.
Data Collection
33 ensures that the secondary concentrators are placed in the right way so that the solar radiation focused by the primary concentrators is reflected through the secondary concentrators to the metal plate (which measures the temperature). The primary concentrators have a single extended focal line, and throughout the day this focal point moves from west to east.
Introduction
Experimental Results
- Solar Radiation Calculation
- Optimum angles with respect to three different positions of the main reflectors 40
- Comparison between the regular solar concentrating system and Rief solar system
The maximum amount of energy as indicated by production may be in the second quarter of the year and at the end of the third quarter. 39 Figure 11 shows the amount of solar radiation on the horizontal surface and as shown the maximum amount will be in the second quarter of the year and at the end of the third quarter. This part discusses the results and the output of a script which is responsible for calculating the optimal angles for specific solar parameters, depending on the geographical location of the area that the solar radiation will reflect on.
The solar angles of the system can be found within two groups: the solar position in the sky and the surface solar angles. The system required the data of the solar radiation on any tilted surface, and the available data of the normal incidence for the horizontal surface. It is important to note that the smaller the angle of incidence, the better it catches the radiation.
As shown, the primary concentrator is placed in the ground, the secondary concentrator is placed on the opposite side of the primary concentrator (arc shape), two receivers are placed at the end of the field, and the sun (sun) and the top of the submitted . The focal length (PC_F), the distance of the radiation reflection pointing away from the primary collector, was set to 5 m. The output of the simulation presented the optimal location of the secondary concentrator that delivered the maximum radiation during the day within the specified hours to the reflecting receivers.
It is known that the solar concentration ratio is the intensity of the energy concentration achieved by the collector. The concentration ratio is the surface area of the collector opening relative to the surface area of the receiver. The following figure 49 shows the amount and intensity of reflected radiation over time in both receivers.
The amount of radiation hitting the primary concentrator starts with an increase increment; towards the middle of the day a drop in the amount of reflected radiation will occur (11:53 to 12:47). 70 Figure 51 shows the amount and the intensity of the reflected radiation from the primary solar power concentrator to the secondary solar power concentrator.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Analysis of CSP plants for the definition of energy policies: the influence on electricity costs of solar multiples, capacity factors and energy storage. Desert power: the economics of solar thermal electricity – for Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Solar Power of Europe's Sun Belt - a European solar thermoelectric industry initiative contributing to the European Commission's Strategic Energy Technology Plan.
Feasibility analysis of the construction of a parabolic solar thermal power plant in Inner Mongolia, China. Proceedings of the 11th Solar PACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies on CD-ROM, Zurich, Switzerland; 2002.
