Evaporation and clustering of ammonia droplets in a hot environment
Item Type Article
Authors Angelilli, Lorenzo;Hernandez Perez, Francisco;Im, Hong G.;Ciottoli, Pietro P.;Valorani, Mauro
Citation Angelilli, L., Hernández Pérez, F. E., Im, H. G., Ciottoli, P. P.,
& Valorani, M. (2022). Evaporation and clustering of ammonia droplets in a hot environment. Physical Review Fluids, 7(11).
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.7.114301 Eprint version Publisher's Version/PDF
DOI 10.1103/physrevfluids.7.114301 Publisher American Physical Society (APS) Journal Physical Review Fluids
Rights Archived with thanks to Physical Review Fluids under a Creative Commons license, details at: https://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by/4.0/
Download date 2023-12-20 01:06:14
Item License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685642
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Supplementary material
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to
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Evaporation and clustering of ammonia droplets in hot
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environment
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Lorenzo Angelilli,∗ Francisco E. Hern´andez P´erez, and Hong G. Im
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Physical Science and Engineering, Clean Combustion Research Center,
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King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Pietro Paolo Ciottoli and Mauro Valorani
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Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering,
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Sapienza - University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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I. GRID CONVERGENCE TEST
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The grid convergence was assessed by reducing the cell volumes by a factor of two and
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comparing the averaged velocity, temperature and mass fractions of the gaseous field in
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absence of droplets [1, 2]. Figure 1 shows the radial averages at three selected stages for
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all the simulations of the campaign for the last two stages of the mesh refinement (64 and
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128 million cells). Since no noticeable differences were observed for the solutions obtained
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with the two meshes, the coarser mesh was adopted. In addition, since in the core jet region
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and the pipe the Kolmogorov ratio (∆/η ≈0.34, with ∆ being the cell size andη being the
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Kolmogorov length scale) satisfies the criterion ∆<2η [3], then all the turbulent scales are
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properly resolved.
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[1] L. Angelilli, P. P. Ciottoli, F. Picano, M. Valorani, and H. G. Im, Assessment of subgrid
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dispersion models for large-eddy simulations of turbulent jet flows with dilute spray droplets,
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Physics of Fluids34, 073305 (2022).
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[2] F. Dalla Barba and F. Picano, Clustering and entrainment effects on the evaporation of dilute
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droplets in a turbulent jet, Physical Review Fluids 3, 034304 (2018).
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[3] S. B. Pope, Turbulent flows (2001).
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0 2 4 6 0
2 4 6 8 10
(a)
0 2 4 6
223.98 224 224.02 224.04 224.06
(b)
0 2 4 6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
(c)
0 2 4 6
0 2 4 6 8 10
(d)
0 2 4 6
220 240 260 280 300
(e)
0 2 4 6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
(f)
0 2 4 6
0 2 4 6 8 10
(g)
0 2 4 6
200 300 400 500 600
(h)
0 2 4 6
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
(i)
FIG. 1: Eulerian averages of axial velocity (panels a, d, g), temperature (panels b, e, h), and ammonia mass fraction (panels c, f, i) at three different stages (z/d= 5 (red), 15 (blue), and 25 (black)). Solid line: coarse mesh (64 million cells); square markers: fine
mesh (128 million cells).
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