My sincere appreciation is due to my supervisors, Professor Ahmed AI-henf AI-Badawy, Chairman of the Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UAE University and Dr. Mamdouh Ibrahim Aly EI-Amry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, UAE University for their guidance, advice and constructive criticism throughout this work and for reviewing the manuscript. Growth performance was measured based on the sufficient content of the essential macro- and micro-elements, carbohydrates and proteins built up in the plant tissue.
INTRODUCTION
Origin In arid and semi-arid regions of Central and South America and Egypt, Common uses. A genus Atriplex is common in arid and semiarid regions of the southwestern USA, Australia, Egypt, Central and South America and Africa.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
I brahim (1998) reported that Atrip/ex /entiformis under salt stress treatment has variable expressions of many newly produced proteins. Storey and Jones (1 979) recorded some saline grasses that can be irrigated with high salinity water E sechie and Miller (1 996) reported that salinity increased the crude protein content of the Russian thistle plant and that the level of some of toxic constituents of Russian thistle decreased due to salinity stress Steudle et al (1 975) reported that vesicles from the salt and water reservoir in the plant act as a buffer system during osmotic stress to protect photosynthetic these from osmotic damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
PLAN T SPECIES
22 . included in the context of this work) Thespes/a populnea age groups were only three and seven years old. The Atnp/ex /entlformis age groups were only one and the three-year AcacIa ampllceps age groups were one, three and five years old.
FIELD MEASUREMENTS
- ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS IN PLANTS
- DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATES
- TOTAL NITROGEN
- PROLINE
- PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS
One ml of protein samples was added to 50 ml of solution C, mixed, and then allowed to stand for 10 m at room temperature. 30 minutes. 27 Spectrophotometer Spectronlc-20 (Germany) The concentration of protein samples was calculated from the standard curve equation.
SOIL ANALYSIS
- ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS IN SOIL
4500 rpm with Beckman centrifuge. The supernatant solution was made up to 50 ml with 85% acetone. The extraction was measured against a blank of pure 85% acetone at three wavelengths and 663 nm) using Spectrocolorlmeter (Spekol, Carl Zetioniss, Germany) necessary to determine the concentration of the pigment fraction. The concentration of C chlorophyll a, b and carotenols (Ilg/ml) was calculated with the following equations. 25 m l sod i u m citrate solution and 0 4 g dlth lonite were added. The tubes were tightly covered with cork and kept in a shaker overnight. Standard solutions of these elements were prepared using authentic compounds obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (U SA).
The determination of these elements was determined following the methods described by S imard (1 993). In the desired range, it depends on the specifications, by diluting the stock 1 000 ppm. Samples were 3 9 air-dried particles «2 mm d iameter) sol added to a 1 25 m l Erl enmeyer fl pyet, then 3 0 m l extracting solution was added with a spencer rapi pet. 3 1 standards should contain equal amounts of La and N H 40Ac The flask is tightly stoppered and shaken for 15 m i n on a reciprocating shaker set at 1 20 rpm. The extract was filtered through Whatman No. 2 filter paper.
Double filtration was applied when the extract was not clear. The extract portion was diluted with distilled water containing 1 % La (w/v), an amount of 1.1 0 was suitable for the analysis of K. Na and 1 40 for Ca and Mg.
RSUL TS AND DISCUSSION
Elemental analysis the of SIX studied plant species on seasonal bases (mg g-' dry wt) Irrigated with saline water (25ppt.)
Pro l ie levels increased more than the normal expected range in three of the studied species (C. erectus, C. sericeus and d A .. entiform/s) and were significantly higher than the levels in the other three species (F ig 6 A. These changes led to a sufficient energy production through photophosphorylation and phosphorylation in the Flg.6.D Concentration of proline In the leaves of Thespesla populnea Irrigated for three and seven years with salt water (25 ppt) ).
Fig.6.F Proline concentration in leaves of Atnp/ex lentiformis irrigated for one and three years wHh saline water (25 ppt). However, leaf temperature was observed during sunrise, such as on the 7th December of November and February of C erectus one year (F ig. 7) D During the hot months in summer, a slight decrease in light. The temperature of the leaves is especially noted. Analysis of variance for the six studied plant species reflecting statistically significant d references on a daily basis (as indicated by different letters next to the mean) between the studied air and leaf temperature (OC), condition (s /cm) and degree of transpiration (�mu l. cm-2.s-\ in different age groups g.
In our studied species, both leaf conductance and transpiration rate were recorded in Table 5 for monthly records and Table 6 for seasonal comparison. led to air thus through the degree of stomatal opening or one can measure It by leaf conductance significant decreases in conductance were recorded At noon and sunset for 3-year-old C erectus and I n et and 3-year-old L racemosa. In fact, there were some decreases in the values of pH compared to the summer season in all soil types.
89 soil i l ( 1 >2>3>4) and gradually increased from 5 to 9 years. The winter season reflected a decrease in pH values in all soil age groups. In the spring season, the highest pH value was observed in 9. old soil and its gradual increase In 1-3-year-old soil and 5-8-year-old soil, pH H plays a key role in the availability of ionic input of solute flow from soil to plants. In the winter season, EC gradually decreased in all soil ages. WINTER season The greatest fluctuation of EC soi l was I in the spring season. 91 had higher nitrogen concentrations than other soils, but decreased during the fall season. The summer season reflected a generally low total nitrogen content compared to other seasons. Sutcltre (1 962) demonstrated the effects of high temperature on nitrogen fixation by microorganisms. in organic forms Total nitrogen in autumn and winter in all soil groups increased more than in the summer season, which may be the result of lower activity of microorganisms.
In salt marshes above pH 7, the mineral phosphorus is dominant and mainly exists in the salt as part of the organic phosphorus. Phosphorus concentration was somewhat high in 6- and 8-year-old salts and very low in other ages. during the summer season (Figure 26 B) The greatest variation between age salts was in autumn, where 2, 5 and 6 year old soils showed very high phosphorus concentrations, while 1, 7. , 8 and 9 year old soils were lower in phosphorus concentrations as I in 2- and 4-year-old meadows The winter and spring seasons showed low phosphorus concentrations in 1- to 9-year-old sols In these high-temperature seasons, phosphorus is. Iron is present in salt in a higher concentration than any other substance. However, despite the large amount of iron in soil and the small amounts required for plant growth, iron deficiency occurs because so little of the element I S I n available form (Barber, 1 984). The moderate F e record observed in the autumn season and 9-year-old soils reflected a general increase in I n Fe concentration more than in the winter season.
However, the chloride concentration in SO 2 years showed a lower concentration than the other sOi ls and I grew during the autumn and winter seasons in autumn, there was a gradual increase from one to 3 years. :r sOi l s old and very low chloride concentration in 1 .
However, calcium in the 1-year-old soil was slightly less than the other soils, but decreased during the autumn season. 1 , 2, 3 and 6 year old soils. Higher calcium concentration was observed in 7, 8 and 9 year old soils. I n the summer, the 1-year soi l was the lowest in the harvest season. A gradual increase in 2 to 4 year old soil and 5 to 8 year old soil was observed The winter season reflected an overall l i n increase. Sodi u m ( N a ) in the soil did not show any significant difference (F ig 29 A) among age groups of soil in the summer season.
A decrease in Na concentration was observed during the summer season in soils 2 to 5 years old and an increase in soils 5 to 9 years old. In autumn, there was a gradual increase in Na concentration in 1 to 4-year-old and 5 to 8-year-old soli. Winter and spring reflected a slight decrease in Na concentration. There was an increase in 1 to 4 year old sois in winter and a gradual decrease in 5 to 9 year old sois. The greatest fluctuation among soil age groups occurred in spring, which was the lowest of all seasons.
Irrigation with saline water (25 ppt) regime I put a high level of Na in the soil, which was.
CONCLUSION
Effects of osmotic water stress on metabolism of cotton plants With open stomata Plant Physlol 40 229-234. 1 997 Effects of nitrogen on the photosynthetic apparatus of ClematIS vitalba grown at various l I rrad lances Aust J Plant Fisiol. The role of el ectrogenic xylem pumps I n K absorption from the xylem of Vigna ungUiculata the effects of auxin and fuslcoccln.
Leaf temperature of desert sand dune plants: perspectives on the adaptability of leaf morphology. Effect of salinity, temperature and growth regulators on germination and early growth of Atriplex gnffithiivar stocksi i seeds. Effects of NaCI and CaCI2 on cell enlargement and cell production in cotton roots Plant Physiol.
1 996 Effects of salt stress on growth, mineral nutrition and proline accumulation In relation to osmotic adjustment The salt content is lower in rice varieties (Oryza sativa).
