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Midterm Exam Biostatistics STAT 112 First Semester, 1443 (2022) Day: Thursday, Date: 8/3/1443 Time: 9:00- 10:30 am, Duration: 90 minutes

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King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Sciences and Arts-Rabigh

Mathematics Department

Midterm Exam Biostatistics

STAT 112

First Semester, 1443 (2022) Day: Thursday, Date: 8/3/1443

Time: 9:00- 10:30 am, Duration: 90 minutes

Model A

Date: Time: 90 minutes

Name: …...ID:

………

Student Name: ……….

Student ID: ………..

Section: ………

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2

You have 30 questions and 90 minutes to solve the exam. Please mark all your answers on the answer sheet provided to you. You need to submit both question paper and answer sheet but only answer sheets will be graded. Good luck

[CLO1] Q1: If we collect data of patients’ weights from specific population and compute their mean, this will be an example of ………….. statistics.

a) descriptive b) inferential c) predictive d) population

[CLO2] Q2: "Every 4th patient admitted a hospital is asked about quality of services in the hospital, note that the first patient is randomly selected as a starting point". What type of sampling is used?

a) systematic sampling b) Stratified sampling c) Random sampling d) cluster sampling [CLO2] Q3: If a researcher collect the data about patients admitted to hospital in surgery section in a specific hospital after manipulating the conditions that affect admissions, the type of study is ……..… study.

a) independent b) observational c) experimental d) quasi-experimental [CLO1] Q4: A characteristic or measure obtained by using the data values from a specific population is called a……

a) graph b) parameter c) statistic d) distribution

[CLO2] Q5: The severity of disease is recorded using: simple, mild or sever. We say that the measurement scale used is:

a) categorical b) nominal c) ordinal d) ratio

[CLO1] Q6: In designing experiments, the term used to refer to the correctness of how data are measured is called …….…….

a) precision b) consistency c) reliability d) accuracy

[CLO1] Q7: In designing experiments, the group that consists of randomly assigned subjects, which are directly exposed to a treatment, is called …….…….

a) control group b) placebo group c) experimental group d) homogenous group

β†’ Given the following frequency distribution of the state of health foe a sample of 100 patients, answer the questions from (Q8) to (Q11):

State of health Frequency Percent

Sick 1 1.3

Not well 4 5.0

Ok 19 23.8

Well ? 53.8

Very well 13 ??

Total 80 100.0

[CLO4] Q8: The number of the patients in the class β€œwell” is:

a) 67 b) 13 c) 43 d) 0

[CLO4] Q9: The percentage of the patients in the class β€œ Very well” is:

a) 0.16 b) 6.2 c) 23.7 d) 16.3

[CLO2] Q10: The type of the random variable β€œState of health” is:

a) discrete b) continuous c) quanlitative d) quatitative

[CLO4] Q11: The mode of the above data is:

a) 43 b) 53.8 c) β€œwell” d) can’t be obtained

β†’ Given the following frequency distribution of the ages of a sample of patients, answer the questions (Q12) and (Q13):

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3 Classes of the Age Frequency Cumulative Frequency

20 – 30 2 2

30 – 40 11 13

40 – 50 6 19

50 – 60 3 ?

60 – 70 ?? 30

[CLO4] Q12: The number of the patients in the age class β€œ60 – 70” years old is:

a) 18 b) 8 c) 25 d) 30

[CLO4] Q13: The number of the patients that are of age < 60 years old (Cumulative Frequency) is:

a)9 b) 15 c) 22 d) 19

β†’ Given the following graph of the Body Mass Index (BMI) data set, answer the questions (Q14) to (Q16):

[CLO4] Q14: The name of the above graph is:

a) Frequency Polygon b) Histogram c) Ogive d) Bar Chart

[CLO4] Q15: The number of classes in the distribution of the BMI data is:

a) 9 b) 8 c) 7 d) 10

[CLO2] Q16: The measurement scale of the BMI data is:

a) Nominal scale b) Ordinal scale c) Ratio scale d) Interval scale

β†’ Given the following Stem-and-Leaf Display, answer question (Q17):

Stem Leaf 1 06 2 11377 3 022267 4 1223388 5 158 6 02378 7 89 8 57

[CLO4] Q17: The range of the above data is:

a) 69 b) 77 c) 75 d) 72

Note that: BMI = weight kg (height cm)2

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4 [CLO3] Q18: The above Box-and-Whisker plot

a) has 2 extremes and 1 outlier

b) has 2 outliers and 1 extreme

c) has 3 outliers d) has 3 extremes

β†’ Given the following output (descriptive statistics) of a sample of the Body Mass Index (BMI) data of 10 patients, answer the questions from (Q19) to (Q22):

[CLO3] Q19: The skewness of the distribution of the above data is described as:

a) no skewness b) skewed to the right c) skewed to the left d) none of the previous [CLO3] Q20: The kurtosis of the distribution of the above data is described as:

a) peaked distribution b) flattened distribution) c) normal distribution d) none of the previous [CLO4] Q21: The value of the second quartile Q2 is:

a) 20.25 b) 25.7 c) 24.5 d) 23

[CLO3] Q22: If you knew that for the same sample of patients, the mean for the weight data is 65 kg and the standard deviation is 10, and you wish to compare the variability of the BMI and the weight data sets, you will find that:

a) weights are more variable

b) BMI’s are more variable

c) they have the same variability

d) variability can’t be measured

[CLO3] Q23: The analysis of the patient’s data showed that 60th percentile of the BMI is 25 kg/m2. If you knew that the normal BMI is between 18.5 to less than 25 𝐀𝐠/𝐦𝟐, this indicates that:

a) 40% of the patients are underweight

b) 60% of the patients are overweight

c) 40% of the patients are normal

d) 40% of the patients are overweight

Ex tr e m es

Ex tr e m es

(Q1– 1.5xIQR) (Q3+ 1.5xIQR)

(Q1– 3xIQR) (Q3+ 3xIQR)

Note that: BMI = weight kg (height cm)2

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5

[CLO3] Q24: A researcher collected data on obesity status of children and the smoking status of the mother during the pregnancy. He wishes to compare the odds of obesity among those whose mother smoked throughout the pregnancy with the odds of obesity among those whose mother did not smoke during pregnancy. He calculates the odds ratio: 𝑢𝑹̂ = 9.62. This result indicates that obese children (cases) are 9.62 times as likely as non-obese children (non-cases) to have:

a) had a mother who did not smoked throughout the pregnancy.

b) had a father who smoked throughout the pregnancy.

c) had a mother who smoked throughout the pregnancy

d) none of the previous

β†’ Given the following information table, compute the appropriate measures from (Q25) to (Q28):

Information Total

Estimated population as of midyear 8,000,000 Women of childbearing age 2,000,000 Live births during a year 100,000 All deaths during a year 40,000

Deaths due to COVID-19 3,000

[CLO4] Q25: The annual crude death rate is:

a) 4 in 1000 individuals b) 4 in 100 individuals c) 5 in 100 individuals d) 5 in 1000 individuals [CLO4] Q26: The cause of death ratio for COVID-19 is:

a) 0.375 b) 75 c) 3.75 d) 7.5

[CLO4] Q27: The crude birth rate is

a) 75 in 1000 b) 75 in 1000 c) 13 in 1000 d) 125 in 1000

[CLO4] Q28: The general fertility rate is:

a) 13 in 1000 individuals b) 12 in 1000 individuals c) 13 in 1000 individuals d) 50 in 1000 individuals [CLO4] Q29: A state with a population of 4,000,000 (as of midyear) contains 20,000 people who have (AIDS) disease. Out of those sick people, there are 7000 new cases of the (AIDS) disease. What is the incidence rate?

a) 20,000 b) 7000/20,000 c) 7000/4,000,000 d) 20,000/4,000,000

[CLO7] Q30: A new treatment reduces the average duration of an illness, but it does not change the number of new cases or give an immunity for old cases of the disease. Therefore, it will:

a) increase the prevalence rate of the disease.

b) decrease the prevalence rate of the disease

c) decrease the incidence rate of the disease.

d) increase the incidence rate of the disease.

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6

No. Terminologies Formulas

1 Sample mean

𝑋̅ =βˆ‘ π‘₯

𝑛

2 Range

𝑅 = β„Žπ‘–π‘”β„Žπ‘’π‘ π‘‘ π‘£π‘Žπ‘™π‘’π‘’ βˆ’ π‘™π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘ π‘‘ π‘£π‘Žπ‘™π‘’π‘’

3 Sample Variance

𝑆2 = βˆ‘(π‘‹βˆ’π‘‹Μ…)2

π‘›βˆ’1

OR 𝑆

2 =𝑛 βˆ‘ π‘₯2βˆ’(βˆ‘ π‘₯)2

𝑛(π‘›βˆ’1)

4 Sample Standard

Deviation

𝑆 = βˆšβˆ‘(π‘‹βˆ’π‘‹Μ…)2

π‘›βˆ’1

OR 𝑆 = √

𝑛 βˆ‘ π‘₯2βˆ’(βˆ‘ π‘₯)2

𝑛(π‘›βˆ’1)

5 Coefficient of Variation

πΆπ‘‰π‘Žπ‘Ÿ = 𝑆

𝑋̅ Γ— 100%

6 Annual Crude Death Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘Žπ‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘šπ‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ (𝐽𝑒𝑙𝑦1) *k

7 Annual Specific Death

Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘–π‘›π‘Žπ‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘–π‘“π‘–π‘ π‘ π‘’π‘π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘’π‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑠 π‘’π‘π‘”π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘’π‘ π‘Žπ‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘šπ‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ *k

8 Infant Mortality Rate

π‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ 1 π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ *k

9 Neonatal Mortality Rate

π‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘’π‘›π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿ 28 π‘‘π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ *k

10 Cause-of-death Ratio

π‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  𝑑𝑒𝑒 π‘‘π‘œ π‘Žπ‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘–π‘“π‘–π‘ π‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Ž π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  𝑑𝑒𝑒 π‘‘π‘œ π‘Žπ‘™π‘™ π‘π‘Žπ‘’π‘ π‘’π‘  π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ *k

11 Crude Birth Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘Žπ‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘šπ‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ *k

12 General Fertility Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘€π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘β„Žπ‘–π‘™π‘‘π‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Žπ‘”π‘’*k

13 Age-specific Fertility

Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  π‘‘π‘œ π‘€π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘–π‘› π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ 𝑖𝑛 π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘€π‘œπ‘šπ‘’π‘› π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ *k

14 Incidence Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ 𝑛𝑒𝑀 π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘ π‘π‘’π‘π‘–π‘“π‘–π‘ π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘” π‘Ž π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘Žπ‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘šπ‘–π‘‘π‘¦π‘’π‘Žπ‘Ÿ *k

15 Prevalence Rate

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘ ,𝑛𝑒𝑀 π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘™π‘‘,𝑒π‘₯𝑖𝑠𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘Žπ‘π‘œπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘™π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘Žπ‘‘ π‘‘β„Žπ‘Žπ‘‘ π‘π‘œπ‘–π‘›π‘‘ 𝑖𝑛 π‘‘π‘–π‘šπ‘’ *k

16 Case-fatality Ratio

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘‘β„Žπ‘  𝑑𝑒𝑒 π‘‘π‘œ π‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’

π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Žπ‘ π‘’π‘  𝑑𝑒𝑒 π‘‘π‘œ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘‘π‘–π‘ π‘’π‘Žπ‘ π‘’ *k

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