P R E PA R E B Y M U ’ TA S E M J A R R A H M U TA S E M . J A R R A H @ YA H O O. C O M
Normalization
What is Normalization ?
Database normalization is a technique for designing relational database tables to minimize duplication of information and, in so doing, to safeguard the database against certain types of logical or structural problems, namely data anomalies.
to avoiding duplicate data and easy
maintence it depends on entity relationship
between columns
Comprehensive Example contains 1NF,2NF and 3NF
Cost Days Type Vedio_Name Vedio
_ID City Phone Custome
r _Name Customer_I
D Date Receipt
3.00 1 N Al-Resalah 325 Makkah 4567893
2 Ali 226 9/1/2008 1000
2.50 2 H Salah Addein 548 Makkah 4567893
2 Ali 226 9/1/2008 1000
2.50 2 H Haron AL-
Rashed
6437 Makkah 4567893 2
Ali 226 9/1/2008 1000
3.00 1 N Al-Resalah 325 Jeddah 7654321 Omar 224 9/4/2008 1001
2.50 2 H Haron AL-
Rashed 6437 Jeddah 7654321 Omar 224 9/4/2008 1001
3.00 1 N Islam Today 468 Makkah 4567893
2 Ali 226 10/2/2008 1002
* To get 1NF (Remove the Repeating groups)
Table 1
City Phone Customer_Name Customer_ID Date Receipt
Makkah 45678932 Ali 226 9/1/2008 1000
Jeddah 7654321 Omar 224 9/4/2008 1001
Makkah 45678932 Ali 226 10/2/2008 1002
Cost Days Type Vedio_Name Vedio _ID Receipt
3.00 1 N Al-Resalah 325 1000
2.50 2 H Salah Addein 548 1000
2.50 2 H Haron AL-Rashed 6437 1000
3.00 1 N Al-Resalah 325 1001
2.50 2 H Haron AL-Rashed 6437 1001
3.00 1 N Islam Today 468 1002
Table 2
Connection between table 1 & table 2?
Table1 (Receipt, Date, Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Phone, City)
Table2(Receipt, Vedio_ID, Vedio_Name, Type, Days, Cost)
* To get 2NF (Identify & Remove Partial FD)
• Table 2 : Table3, Table4
• Vedio_ID --- [ Vedio_Name, Type, Days, Cost]
Cost Days Type Vedio_Name Vedio_ID
3.00 1 N Al-Resalah 325
2.50 2 H Salah Addein 548
2.50 2 H Haron AL-
Rashed 6437
3.00 1 N Islam Today 468
Table 3
Vedio_ID Receipt
325 1000
548 1000
6437 1000
325 1001
6437 1001
468 1002
Table 4
* To get 3NF (First Step – From table1) ---[ Table5,Table6]
• Table1 ( Receipt, Date, Customer_ID, Customer_Name, Phone,City)
• Customer_ID ---[Customer_Name, Phone,City].
City Phone Customer_Na
me Customer_ID
Makkah 45678932 Ali 226
Jeddah 7654321 Omar 224
Table 5
Customer_ID Date Receipt
226 9/1/2008 1000
224 9/4/2008 1001
226 10/2/2008 1002
Table 6
• (Second Step – From table3)
Vedio_ID ---[Vedio_Nmae]
Vedio_ID---[Type]
Type---[Days,cost]
From table3 :- Table7, Table8
Cost Days Type Vedio_Name Vedio_ID
3.00 1 N Al-Resalah 325
2.50 2 H Salah Addein 548
2.50 2 H Haron AL-
Rashed
6437
3.00 1 N Islam Today 468
Type Vedio_Name Vedio_ID
N Al-Resalah 325
H Salah Addein 548
H Haron AL-Rashed 6437
N Islam Today 468
Table 7
Type Cost Days
N 3.00 1
H 2.50 2
