We begin the rest of this paper with a brief historical explanation of the beginnings of the Internet in Section 2. This is followed by Section 3, which covers the status of the Internet in Saudi Arabia and highlights its potential and motivation. This need eventually led to the creation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)[3].
Connection of the ISPs to the Data Service Providers (DSPs) instead of the KACST-ISU. A national research and education network (NREN) usually refers to the organization that designs, builds or leases, operates, maintains, supports and manages a physical network for the benefit of the research and education community. Providing a platform for knowledge sharing will be beneficial to all members of the research and education community.
Also, different members of the research and education community do not have the necessary or equal financial support or purchasing power. To better visualize the situation, Figure 8 shows a geolocation representation for the universities listed in Table 2. This network was named MAEEN, a transcription of the Arabic word (نيعم), which means a renewable (unexhausted or inexhaustible) resource.
The resume of Mishaal Abdullah Al-Kadhi, then Director of the Internet Services Unit at KACST, stated that he initiated the Saudi NREN project between 1426H (2005G) and 1427H (2006G).
Methods
Results
15 represents the traffic exchange between GÉANT and KAUST, KACST-ISU (Saudi Arabia), SINET (Japan), AARNET (Australia), INTERNET2 (United States) in Mbps. It is important to note that KACST-ISU has about 50 clients, including 18 of the government universities.
Discussions
Mean - This is the arithmetic mean (mean, expected value, or expectation) of all observed data. It is the most commonly used measure of the central tendency of the data. The obvious disadvantages of the mean are (a) its undue sensitivity to outliers that constitute extremely large or extremely small values, and (b). This is the standard deviation (square root of variance or second central moment) of the data set.
Kurtosis – Kurtosis is the fourth scaled central moment, and it is a measure of the heaviness of the tails of a distribution compared to that of the normal distribution. If the values of the variable are ordered from lowest to highest, the median will be the value exactly in the middle, where half of the values are below the median and half are above it. KSA traffic share with global NRENs is exchanged with KAUST, accounting for more than 95% of total traffic throughout the year.
This is due to the fact that sometimes there is a larger burst of loading against global NRENs. Exchange of data traffic in the month of September 2020 between GÉANT and KAUST, KACST-ISU (Saudi Arabia), SINET (Japan), AARNET (Australia), INTERNET2 (United States) in Mbps. Exchange of data traffic in the month of September 2020 between GÉANT and KAUST, KACST-ISU (Saudi Arabia), AARNET (Australia) in Mbps.
செப்டம்பர் 2020 இல் KAUST நோக்கி (GÉANT + NORDUnet) மற்றும் KACST-ISU நோக்கி (GÉANT + Internet2) மொத்த போக்குவரத்து - ISU (MAEEN) உச்சம் KAUST 95வது சதவீதம் உள்வரும் KAUST 95வது சதவீதம் வெளியே. KACST-ISU (MAEEN) உள்வரும் KACST-ISU (MAEEN) உச்சம் KACST-ISU (MAEEN) வெளிச்செல்லும் KACST-ISU (MAEEN) சிகரம்.
Descriptive statistics for data traffic exchange in the month of September 2020 between GÉANT and INTERNET2, SINET, AARNET, KAUST and KACST-ISU. Descriptive statistics for total data traffic exchange in the month of September 2020 from global NRENs towards KAUST and KACST-ISU. Average and maximum traffic between global NRENs and KAUST in one year (global NRENs perspective).
Average and maximum traffic between global NRENs and KACST-ISU during one year (perspective of global NRENs). Average and maximum traffic between KAUST, KACST-ISU and global NRENs during one year (local perspective).
Conclusions
For example, JANET (NREN in the UK) requires its members to pay 16% of the costs for the NREN, while in Ireland the customers' share of the costs is 15%. If member institutions charge for the connectivity and services provided by NRENs, this should be done in a way that does not discourage innovation. The reliability of the current NREN design in the KSA needs further analysis as there are only two POPs.
We hope that the research and education community can offer more contributions to this common goal. A more effective involvement of the research community will raise the quality of the research and bring additional income from research contributions. 1997). The Evolution of the Internet: From Military Experiment to General Purpose Technology, Journal of Cyber Policy.
8] Communications and Information Technology Commission (2018) Public Consultation Paper on the Proposed Regulation for Internet Exchange Points. 9] Communications and Information Technology Commission (2018) ICT Performance Indicators. 2004) Modeling Management of Research and Education Networks, Technische Universiteit Delft, The Netherlands, available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1. 2017) Deployment of SDN in GÉANT Production Network, in 2017 IEEE Conference on Network Function Virtualization and Software-Defined Networking (NFV-SDN), pp. 2016) GEANT SDX - SDN-based Open eXchange Point, in 2016 IEEE NetSoft Conference and Workshops (NetSoft) , pp. 2020) Software-Defined Network Load Distribution Technique for an Internet Service Provider, Journal of Network and Computer Applications Time Series Short-Term Forecasting of Internet Traffic, Journal of King Abdulaziz University:.
Overview of Automated Tools for a CERT, In: Information Technologies and Security, pp. 2020) The Development of Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Application in Communication Security, in 2020 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Application (ICCEA), pp. NSF GENI cloud-enabled architecture for distributed scientific computing, in 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1–8. https://internet2.edu/community/about-us/. https://www.moe.gov.sa/en/Pages/Budget.aspx. https://geant3plus.archive.geant.net/Network/Global-Connectivity/Pages/World_Regions-.
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