LEC 7
By:
Dr. Abdalla Elhamadi Ahmed Dr. Faleh Saud Elyazidi
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Objectives
To define COPD
To know risk factors of COPD
To know how to mange COPD
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A progressive disease that
affects the lungs, making it
difficult to breathe
COPD: an umbrella term
Umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases which include
:
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Refractory (irreversible) asthma
Severe bronchiectasis
Other names for COPD
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COLD)
Chronic Lower Respiratory
Disease (CLRD)
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung ailment that is characterized by a persistent blockage of airflow from the lungs.
It is an under-diagnosed, life-threatening lung disease that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.
Understanding COPD
Critical to first understand normal lung function
Image courtesy of The National Institute of health
Lung structure and function
“Biological Science Freeman”, 2010
Lungs with copd
Image courtesy of The National Institute of health
Causes
Most cases of COPD occur as a result of long-term exposure to lung irritants that damage the lungs and the airways
The most common irritant that causes COPD is cigarette smoke
In rare cases, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may play a role in causing COPD
Who is at risk?
People who smoke or are exposed to smoke
People who have a family history of COPD are more likely to develop the disease if they smoke
Long-term exposure to other lung irritants also is a risk factor for COPD
Almost 90% of COPD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where effective strategies for prevention and control are not always implemented or accessible.
Symptoms
breathlessness
abnormal sputum (a mix of saliva and mucus in the airway)
a chronic cough
daily activities can become very difficult as the condition gradually worsens
diagnosis
A simple diagnostic test called "spirometry“ measures how much air a person can inhale and exhale, and how fast air can move into and out of the lungs
Spirometry can detect COPD long before its Symptoms appear.
Treatment
COPD has no cure
Quitting smoking is the most important step an individual can take to treat COPD
Other treatments for COPD may include medicines, vaccines, pulmonary rehabilitation (rehab), oxygen therapy, and surgery
Managing copd
COPD symptoms usually slowly worsen over time
A cold, the flu, or a lung infection may cause symptoms to intensify
Prescription antibiotics may treat infections and other medicines, such as bronchodilators and inhaled steroids, can help facilitate breathing
Managing COPD
Avoid lung irritants
Get ongoing care
Manage the disease and its symptoms
Prepare for emergencies
Copd: statistics
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) estimates that 12 million adults have COPD, and another 12 million are undiagnosed or developing COPD
Estimated that over 210 million people worldwide have COPD
Copd: statistics
COPD cost the U.S. economy about $32.1 billion, in direct and indirect costs in 2002
A person with COPD dies every four minutes in the U.S
COPD will be the third leading cause of death in the U.S. by 2020
Prevention
Raise awareness about the global epidemic of chronic diseases
Create more healthy environments, especially for poor and disadvantaged populations
Decrease common chronic disease risk factors, such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity
Prevent premature deaths and avoidable disabilities from major chronic diseases
