The Rule of “Reward of the Kind of Work and Its Applications in the Propaganda in the Stories of the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet

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Information Sciences Letters Information Sciences Letters

Volume 12

Issue 6 Jun. 2023 Article 47

2023

The Rule of “Reward of the Kind of Work and Its Applications in The Rule of “Reward of the Kind of Work and Its Applications in the Propaganda in the Stories of the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the the Propaganda in the Stories of the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet

Prophet

Bilal Abu Qaddum

Department of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Faculty of Sharia, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan, [email protected]

Heba Muhammad Khaled Mansour

Kifah Al-Suri

Murad Shakib

Abdullah Taha Muhammad Abu Shawer

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/isl Recommended Citation

Recommended Citation

Abu Qaddum, Bilal; Muhammad Khaled Mansour, Heba; Al-Suri, Kifah; Shakib, Murad; and Taha

Muhammad Abu Shawer, Abdullah (2023) "The Rule of “Reward of the Kind of Work and Its Applications in the Propaganda in the Stories of the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet," Information Sciences Letters: Vol. 12 : Iss. 6 , PP -.

Available at: https://digitalcommons.aaru.edu.jo/isl/vol12/iss6/47

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Arab Journals Platform. It has been accepted for inclusion in Information Sciences Letters by an authorized editor. The journal is hosted on Digital Commons, an Elsevier platform. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected].

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*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]

Inf. Sci. Lett. 12, No. 6, 2491-2499 (2023) 2491

Information Sciences Letters

An International Journal

http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/isl/120647

The Rule of “Reward of the Kind of Work and Its Applications in the Propaganda in the Stories of the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet

Bilal Abu Qaddum, Heba Muhammad Khaled Mansour^*, Kifah Al-Suri, Murad Shakiband Abdullah Taha Muhammad Abu Shawer

Department of Sharia and Islamic Studies, Faculty of Sharia, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan Received: 22 Mar. 2023, Revised: 12 Apr. 2023, Accepted: 22 May 2023.

Published online:1 Jun. 2023.

Abstract: The study dealt with the subject of advocacy, which is the rule of reward for work and the applications of advocacy in the Qur’anic stories and a look at the Prophet’s biography. The study was based on the inductive, analytical and deduction approach by extrapolating the most important books of fundamentalists and interpreters and the most important rule to stand on the basis of a rule and a rule that indicates it from rulings, and the science of legal texts to reach the legal collection of the rule, and to clarify the scientific applications of the Qur’anic rule and the Prophet’s biography in the field of advocacy. The study reached the field of advocacy for the advocacy applications of the penalty rule of the sex of work, and we have come across many points of advocacy applications in the Qur’anic stories, including God’s reward for our master Ibrahim, peace be upon him, after his people plotted against him and they wanted to burn him, so God made the fire and peace be upon him and made him a role model and nation to the worlds And it has been shown that the Prophet’s biography is also full of advocacy applications for the great public, including God’s reward for the hypocrites who stayed behind from the Tabuk expedition for fear of the heat by promising them more caution.

Keywords: invitation, reward for work, reward, punishment.

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2492 B. Abu Qaddum et al.: Reward of the Kind of Work…

Natural Sciences Publishing Cor.

ﻗﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

"

اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ اﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘ ﺎﺗ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﻘ ﺼ ﺺ اﻟ ﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺴ ﻨ ﺔ

اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

"

د ر ا ﺳ ﺔ أ ﺻ ﻮ ﻟﯿ ﺔ د ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

ﺑ ﻼ ل أ ﺑ ﻮ ﻗ ﺪ و م , ھ ﺒ ﺔ ﻣ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ ﺧ ﺎﻟ ﺪ ﻣ ﻨ ﺼ ﻮ ر , ﻛ ﻔﺎ ح ا ﻟ ﺼ ﻮ ر ي ,

ﻣ ﺮ اد ﺷ ﻜ ﯿ ﺐ , ﻋ ﺒﺪ ﷲ ط ﮫ ﻣ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ أﺑ ﻮ ﺷ ﺎ و ر .

ﻗ ﺴ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ و اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺎ ت ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﯿ ﺔ / ﻛ ﻠﯿ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ / ﺟ ﺎ ﻣ ﻌ ﺔ ﻋ ﻤ ﺎ ن ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺮ ﺑﯿ ﺔ / ﻋ ﻤ ﺎ ن / ا ﻷ ر د ن

. ﻣ ﻠ ﺨ ﺺ ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ : ﺗﻨ ﺎ و ﻟ ﺖ ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋ ﺎً

ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋ ﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

، و ھ ﻮ ﻗﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ﺗ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ ذ ج

ﻣ ﻦ اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

، ﺣ ﯿ ﺚ ﺗ ﺮ ﻛ ﺰ ت ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔ اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺑﯿ ﺎ ن اﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة : )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ اﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ( و ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م

، و ﺑﯿ ﺎ ن اﻟ ﺘﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻞ

اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻟﻠ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

، و ﻧ ﻤ ﺎ ذ ج و أ ﻣ ﺜﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟ ﻮ اﻗ ﻊ . و ﻗ ﺪ ﻗﺎ ﻣ ﺖ اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ اﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘﻘ ﺮ اﺋ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺘ ﺤ ﻠﯿ ﻠ ﻲ و ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘﻨ ﺘﺎ ﺟ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ل ا ﺳ ﺘﻘ ﺮ ا ء أ ھ ﻢ ﻛ ﺘ ﺐ ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ﻟﯿ ﯿ ﻦ

و اﻟ ﻤ ﻔ ﺴ ﺮ ﯾ ﻦ و أ ھ ﻢ ﻛ ﺘ ﺐ ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻟﻠ ﻮ ﻗ ﻮ ف ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة و ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م

، و ﺗ ﺤ ﻠﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟﻨ ﺼ ﻮ ص ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻮ ﺻ ﻮ ل ﻟ ﻠﺘ ﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

،

و ﺗ ﻮ ﺿ ﯿ ﺢ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻤ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎ ل ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة.

و ﺗ ﻮ ﺻ ﻠ ﺖ ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ إ ﻟ ﻰ أ ن ﻣ ﺠ ﺎ ل ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﺣ ﺎﻓ ﻞ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

، و ﻗ ﺪ و ﻗﻔ ﻨﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﻮ ا ﺿ ﻊ ﻋ ﺪ ﯾ ﺪ ة ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ ﺟ ﺰ ا ء ﷲ ﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺪ ﻧﺎ إ ﺑ ﺮ ا ھ ﯿ ﻢ ـ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻼ م ـ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ أ ن

أ ر اد ﺑ ﮫ ﻗ ﻮ ﻣ ﮫ ﻛ ﯿ

ً ﺪا و أ ر اد و ا ﺣ ﺮ ﻗ ﮫ ﻓ ﺠ ﻌ ﻞ ﷲ ا ﻟﻨ ﺎ ر ﺑ ﺮ

ً دا و ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﺎً

ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ و ﺟ ﻌ ﻠ ﮫ ﻗ ﺪ و ة و أ ﻣ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻤ ﯿ ﻦ

، و ﻗ ﺪ ﺗ ﺒﯿ ﻦ أ ن ا ﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﺣ ﺎﻓ ﻠ ﺔ ﻛ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﮭ ﺬ ه

اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﻌ ﻈ ﯿ ﻤ ﺔ و ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ ﺟ ﺰ ا ء ﷲ ﻟ ﻠ ﻤ ﻨﺎ ﻓﻘ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻟﺬ ﯾ ﻦ ﺗ ﺨ ﻠﻔ ﻮ ا ﻋ ﻦ ﻏ ﺰ و ة ﺗﺒ ﻮ ك ﺧ ﻮ

ً ﻓﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺮ ﺑ ﺄ ن ﺗ ﻮ ﻋ ﺪ ﻟ ﮭ ﻢ ﺑ ﻨﺎ ر ﺟ ﮭ ﻨ ﻢ ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ھ ﻲ أ ﺷ ﺪ ﺣ ﺮ اً.

اﻟ ﻜ ﻠ ﻤ ﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻔ ﺘﺎ ﺣ ﯿ ﺔ : اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة

، ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

، ا ﻟﺜ ﻮ ا ب

، ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻘﺎ ب .

1 . ﻣ ﻘ ﺪ ﻣ ﺔ :

اﻟ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ Á ر ب ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻤ ﯿ ﻦ

، و اﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ة و اﻟ ﺴ ﻼ م ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ أ ﺷ ﺮ ف ا ﻷ ﻧﺒ ﯿﺎ ء و اﻟ ﻤ ﺮ ﺳ ﻠﯿ ﻦ

، ﺳ ﯿ ﺪ ﻧﺎ ﻣ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ و ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ آ ﻟ ﮫ و ﺻ ﺤ ﺒ ﺔ أ ﺟ ﻤ ﻌ ﯿ ﻦ

، و ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ :

ﻓﺈ ن ﻗﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ أ ھ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋ ﺎ ت ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺣ ﻔﻠ ﺖ ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ ﻧ ﺼ ﻮ ص ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آ ن ا ﻟ ﻜ ﺮ ﯾ ﻢ

، و ﻛ ﺘ ﺐ أ ﺻ ﻮ ل ا ﻟﻔ ﻘ ﮫ و اﻟ ﺘﻔ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ و اﻟ ﺤ ﺪ ﯾ ﺚ ا ﻟﻨ ﺒ ﻮ ي ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻒ

، ﻓ ﮭ ﻲ

ﺳ ﻨ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻨ ﻦ ا ﻹ ﻟ ﮭ ﯿ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬا ا ﻟ ﻜ ﻮ ن

، و ﻗ ﺪ و ﻗﻔ ﻨﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻵ ﯾﺎ ت ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﯿ ﺔ ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗ ﺆ ﺻّ ﻞ ﻟ ﮭ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ا ﻷ ﺳ ﺎ ﺳ ﯿ ﺔ

، و اﻟ ﺘ ﻲ ﻟ ﻢ ﺗ ﻠ ﻖ ﻋ ﻨﺎ ﯾ ﺔ ﻛ ﺒﯿ ﺮ ة ﻟﺪ ى ا ﻟﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺜﯿ ﻦ ﻣ ﻦ

ﻗﺒ ﻞ ﻓ ﺄ ﺣ ﺒﺒ ﻨﺎ أ ن ﻧ ﻄ ﺮ ق ﺑ ﺎ ب ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة و ﻧ ﺮ ﺑ ﻄ ﮭ ﺎ ﺑ ﺠ ﺎﻧ ﺐ ﻣ ﮭ ﻢ و ھ ﻮ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎ ل ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻓﺈ ﻧ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ و ﺳ ﻊ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎ ﻻ ت ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻖ ﻟ ﮭ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

، ﻓ ﮭ ﻨﺎ ك ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت د ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و ﻻ ﺳ ﯿ ﻤ ﺎ ﻗ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻷ ﻧﺒ ﯿﺎ ء

، و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ و ا ﻷ ﺣ ﺎ د ﯾ ﺚ ا ﻟﻨ ﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾﻔ ﺔ ﻣ ﻠﯿ ﺌ ﺔ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

، و ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﺑ ﺈ ذ ن ﷲ ﺳ ﺘ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ

ﺑ ﺮ ﺑ ﻄ ﮭ ﺎ ﺑﻨ ﻤ ﺎ ذ ج ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ .

1.1 ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ :

ﺗ ﺠ ﯿ ﺐ ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺆ ا ل ا ﻵ ﺗ ﻲ :

ﻣ ﺎ أ ھ ﻢ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة : )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ( ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

؟

و ﯾﺘ ﻔ ﺮ ع ﻋ ﻨ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺆ اﻟ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻵ ﺗﯿ ﻦ :

1 . ﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة : )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ( و ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م

؟

2 . ﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﺘﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة : )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ (

؟

2.1 أ ھ ﺪ ا ف ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ :

ﺗ ﮭ ﺪ ف ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ إ ﻟ ﻰ ﻣ ﺎ ﯾﺄ ﺗ ﻲ :

1 . ا ﺳ ﺘﻘ ﺮ ا ء ﻗ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ( و ﺑﯿ ﺎ ن ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة و ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م .

2 . ا ﺳ ﺘﻨ ﺘﺎ ج ا ﻟﺘ ﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ( .

3 . ا ﺳ ﺘﻘ ﺮ ا ء و ا ﺳ ﺘﻨ ﺘﺎ ج ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ .

3.1 أ ھ ﻤ ﯿ ﺔ اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ :

ﺗﺘ ﻀ ﺢ أ ھ ﻤ ﯿ ﺔ ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ل ﺑ ﯿﺎ ن :

1 . ﺣ ﺎ ﺟ ﺔ ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻤ ﻲ إ ﻟ ﻰ د ر ا ﺳ ﺎ ت ﻣ ﺘ ﺨ ﺼ ﺼ ﺔ ﺗ ﺮ ﺑ ﻂ ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ ﻋ ﻠﻢ ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ل و اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﯿ ﺔ .

2 . ﺟ ﻤ ﻊ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺘﻔ ﺮ ق ﻟ ﮭ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ع ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻛ ﺘ ﺐ ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ل و اﻟ ﺘﻔ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ .

3 . ﺣ ﺎ ﺟ ﺔ ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻤ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠ ﻮ ﻗ ﻮ ف ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﮭ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺘ ﻲ ﺗ ﺒﯿ ﻦ ﻋ ﺪ ل ﷲ ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬا ا ﻟ ﻜ ﻮ ن

، و ذﻟ ﻚ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻨ ﻈ ﺮ إ ﻟ ﻰ د ﻋ ﻮ ة اﻟ ﺮ ﺳ ﻞ - ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮭ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻼ م -

، و ﻣ ﻦ

ﺳ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻲ - ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ة و اﻟ ﺴ ﻼ م -

؛ ﻷ ﺧ ﺬ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻈ ﺔ و اﻟ ﻌ ﺒ ﺮ ة ﻟ ﻤ ﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ھ ﻢ .

4.1 ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ :

ﺗﻘ ﻮ م ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻨﺎ ھ ﺞ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺑ ﺮ ز ھ ﺎ:

1 . اﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘﻘ ﺮ اﺋ ﻲ : ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ل ﺗ ﺘﺒ ﻊ أ ھ ﻢ ﻛ ﺘ ﺐ ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ﻟﯿ ﯿ ﻦ و اﻟ ﻤ ﻔ ﺴ ﺮ ﯾ ﻦ و ﻛ ﺘ ﺐ ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻟﻠ ﻮ ﻗ ﻮ ف ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة و ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م .

(4)

Inf. Sci. Lett. 12, No. 6, 2491-2499 (2023) / http://www.naturalspublishing.com/Journals.asp 2493 2 . اﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ ا ﻟﺘ ﺤ ﻠﯿ ﻠ ﻲ ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘﻨ ﺘﺎ ﺟ ﻲ : ﺑﺘ ﺤ ﻠﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟﻨ ﺼ ﻮ ص ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻮ ﺻ ﻮ ل ﻟ ﻠﺘ ﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة.

3 . اﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘ ﻲ : ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ل ا ﻟﻨ ﻈ ﺮ و اﻟ ﺘ ﻤ ﺤ ﯿ ﺺ ﻟ ﻠ ﻮ ﺻ ﻮ ل إ ﻟ ﻰ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻤ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎ ل ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة .

5.1 ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺑ ﻘ ﺔ :

ﻟﻢ ﻧﻘ ﻒ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ د ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﺘ ﺨ ﺼ ﺼ ﺔ أ ﻓ ﺮ د ت ﻣ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ع ﻗﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ﺗ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

، و ﻟ ﻜ ﻦ و ﻗﻔ ﻨﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ د ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﺗﻨ ﺎ و ﻟ ﺖ ﻗﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ

اﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎ م

، د و ن ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺮ ق إ ﻟ ﻰ أ ﻗ ﻮ ا ل ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ﻟﯿ ﯿ ﻦ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

، و ﺗ ﺴ ﻠﯿ ﻂ ا ﻟ ﻀ ﻮ ء ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ :

1 . اﻟ ﺼ ﻘ ﺮ ي

، ﺳ ﻌ ﻮ د ﺑ ﻦ ﺣ ﻤ ﺪ ﺑ ﻦ ﻋ ﻠ ﻲ

، ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ا ﻹ ﻟ ﮭ ﻲ ﻷ ﻋ ﻤ ﺎ ل ا ﻹ ﻧ ﺴ ﺎ ن )ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ (

، ﺣ ﯿ ﺚ ﺗﻨ ﺎ و ل ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ر ﺗﺒ ﺎ ط ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﺑﺄ ﺳ ﻤ ﺎ ء ﷲ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺴ ﻨ ﻰ

،

و ﺗﻨ ﺎ و ل ﺟ ﺰ ا ء ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺆ ﻣ ﻨﯿ ﻦ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻵ ﺧ ﺮ ة و ﺟ ﺰ ا ء ا ﻟ ﻜ ﺎﻓ ﺮ ﯾ ﻦ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻵ ﺧ ﺮ ة و اﻟ ﺸ ﻔﺎ ﻋ ﺔ و ﻣ ﻮ اﻗ ﻒ ا ﻟﻨ ﺎ س ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺴ ﺎ ب .

2 . اﻟ ﻌ ﻔﺎ ﻧ ﻲ

، ﺳ ﯿ ﺪ ﺣ ﺴ ﯿ ﻦ

، اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ اﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

، ﺣ ﯿ ﺚ ﺗﻨ ﺎ و ل اﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎ ب ﻣ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ع اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ اﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻋ ﺎ م

، د و ن ﺗ ﺴ ﻠﯿ ﻂ اﻟ ﻀ ﻮ ء ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ اﻟ ﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت

اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ .

6.1 ﻣ ﺎ ﺳ ﺘ ﻀ ﯿ ﻔ ﮫ ھ ﺬ ه ا ﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ :

1 . ر ﺑ ﻂ ا ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﺑ ﻌ ﻠﻢ أ ﺻ ﻮ ل ا ﻟﻔ ﻘ ﮫ و ﺑﯿ ﺎ ن ﺗ ﺄ ﺻ ﯿﻠ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ .

2 . د ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ و اﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ و ﺑﯿ ﺎ ن ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺎ ﺻ ﺮ ة.

7.1 ﺧ ﻄ ﺔ ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ :

ﺗﺘ ﻜ ﻮ ن ا ﻟﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﻘ ﺪ ﻣ ﺔ و ﻣ ﺒ ﺤ ﺜﯿ ﻦ و ﺧ ﺎﺗ ﻤ ﺔ :

اﻟ ﺘ ﻤ ﮭ ﯿ ﺪ

اﻟ ﻤ ﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ﻷ و ل : ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﺗﺄ ﺻ ﯿﻠ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ

اﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ا ﻷ و ل : اﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﻋ ﻼ ﻗﺘ ﮭ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

اﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ا ﻟﺜ ﺎﻧ ﻲ : اﻟ ﺘﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

اﻟ ﻤ ﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ﻟﺜ ﺎﻧ ﻲ : ا ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘ ﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

اﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ا ﻷ و ل : اﻟ ﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺺ ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آﻧ ﻲ

اﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ا ﻟﺜ ﺎﻧ ﻲ : اﻟ ﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﯿ ﺮ ة اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

اﻟ ﺘ ﻤ ﮭ ﯿ ﺪ

ﻟ ﻤ ﺎ ﻛ ﺎ ن ﻟ ﮭ ﺬا ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻣ ﺠ ﻤ ﻮ ﻋ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺎ و ر ﺗ ﺄ ﺻ ﯿ ﻼً و ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ

ً، ﻘﺎ ﻛ ﺎ ن ﻻ ﺑ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﺘ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾ ﺞ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺑ ﯿﺎ ن أ ھ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺼ ﻄ ﻠ ﺤ ﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﻮ ا ر د ة ﻓﯿ ﮫ

؛ و ذﻟ ﻚ ﺗ ﺤ ﻘﯿ

ً ﻟﻘﺎ ﻼ ﻧ ﺴ ﺠ ﺎ م ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ ﻣ ﺤ ﺎ و ر

اﻟ ﺪ ر ا ﺳ ﺔ . و ﻟ ﮭ ﺬا ﻛ ﻠ ﮫ ﻛ ﺎ ن ﺧ ﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﺎ ﻧ ﺴ ﺘ ﮭ ﻠ ﮫ ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬا ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺒﺎ ر ك ﺑ ﯿﺎ ن ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺼ ﻄ ﻠ ﺤ ﺎ ت ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ و ا ﺻ ﻼ ﺣ ﺎً

ﺑﺎ ﺧ ﺘ ﺼ ﺎ ر ﻣ ﻔﯿ ﺪ و ﻧﺎ ﻓ ﻊ و ھ ﻲ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟﻨ ﺤ ﻮ ا ﻵ ﺗ ﻲ :

أ و ﻻ : ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾ ﻒ ا ﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة

ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ : اﻟ ﺪا ل و اﻟ ﻌ ﯿ ﻦ و اﻟ ﺤ ﺮ ف ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺘ ﻞ

، أ ﺻ ﻞ و ا ﺣ ﺪ

، و ﺗﺄ ﺗ ﻲ ﺑ ﻤ ﻌ ﺎ ن ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ:

أ ن ﺗ ﻤ ﯿ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء إ ﻟﯿ ﻚ ﺑ ﺼ ﻮ ت و ﻛ ﻼ م ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن ﻣ ﻨ ﻚ

، و ﺗ ﻄ ﻠ ﻖ و ﯾ ﺮ اد ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﻘ ﺼ ﺪ )ا ﺑ ﻦ

ﻓﺎ ر س

، 1979

، ج : 1

، ص 279 - 280 ( .

و ﺗﺄ ﺗ ﻲ ﻛ ﻠ ﻤ ﺔ ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻠ ﻐ ﺔ و ﯾ ﺮ اد ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺎﻧ ﻲ ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﺑ ﻤ ﺠ ﻤ ﻮ ﻋ ﮭ ﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﻌ نٍﺎ أ ﺧ ﺮ ى ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ:

ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘ ﻐ ﺎﺛ ﺔ و اﻟ ﻌ ﺒﺎ د ة و اﻟ ﺮ ﻏ ﺒ ﺔ إ ﻟ ﻰ ﷲ ﺟ ﻞ و ﻋ ﻼ

،

و اﻟ ﻨ ﺪا ء و ا ﻷ ذا ن و اﻟ ﻨ ﺪ ب )ا ﺑ ﻦ ﻣ ﻨ ﻈ ﻮ ر

، 1414 ھ ـ،

ج : 14

، ص : 359 - 361 ( .

و ﯾﻘ ﺎ ل : د ﻋ ﻮ ت ا ﺑﻨ ﻲ ﻛ ﺬا

، و د ﻋ ﻮ ﺗ ﮫ إ ذا ﺳ ﺄﻟ ﺘ ﮫ

، و اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﺎ ء إ ﻟ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺚ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻗ ﺼ ﺪ ه )ا ﻟ ﺮ ا ﻏ ﺐ ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻔ ﮭ ﺎﻧ ﻲ

، 1412 ھ ـ،

ص : 169 ( .

ﻣ ﻤ ﺎ ﺳ ﺒ ﻖ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑ ﯿﺎ ن ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻟﻠ ﻐ ﻮ ي ﻟ ﻠﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة

، ﯾ ﺘﺒ ﯿ ﻦ أ ن ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺗ ﻄ ﻠ ﻖ و ﯾ ﺮ اد ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ :

اﻟ ﻤ ﯿ ﻞ

، ا ﻻ ﻋ ﺘ ﺰ ا ز

، ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻘ ﻮ ط

، ا ﻟﻘ ﺼ ﺪ

، ا ﻟ ﺼ ﯿ ﺤ ﺔ

، ا ﻟﻨ ﺪا ء

، ا ﻷ ذا ن

، ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘ ﻐ ﺎﺛ ﺔ

، ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺚ .

أ ﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻻ ﺻ ﻄ ﻼ ح ﻓﻘ ﺪ ﻋ ﺮ ﻓ ﮭ ﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﻤ ﺎ ء ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ة ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾﻔ ﺎ ت

، و ﻣ ﻦ أ ھ ﻢ ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾﻔ ﺎ ت :

أﻧ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ﻮ ﺣ ﯿ ﺪ ﷲ ﺟ ﻞ و ﻋ ﻼ

، و ﺷ ﮭ ﺎ د ة أ ن ﻻ إ ﻟ ﮫ إ ﻻ ﷲ

، و إ ﺧ ﻼ ص ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺒﺎ د ة Á ﺟ ﻞ و ﻋ ﻼ )ا ﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﺮ ي

، ج : 13

، ص : 123 ( .

أﻧ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ د ﯾ ﻦ ﷲ ﺗ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻰ و ھ ﻮ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ م ) ﻋ ﺒ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﻜ ﺮ ﯾ ﻢ ز ﯾ ﺪا ن

، 2001

، ص : 5 ( .

ھ ﻲ ﻣ ﺠ ﻤ ﻮ ﻋ ﺔ ا ﻟﻘ ﻮ ا ﻋ ﺪ و ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ل ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ﯾ ﺘ ﻮ ﺻ ﻞ ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ إﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ﺒﻠ ﯿ ﻎ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ م ﻟ ﻠﻨ ﺎ س و ﺗ ﻌ ﻠﯿ ﻤ ﮫ و ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘ ﮫ ) ﻣ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ أ ﺑ ﻮ ا ﻟﻔ ﺘ ﺢ ا ﻟﺒ ﺎﯾ ﻨ ﻮ ﻧ ﻲ

، 1995

، ص : 19 ( .

و ھ ﻲ ﻗ ﯿﺎ م ا ﻟﺪ ا ﻋ ﯿ ﺔ ﺑ ﺈﯾ ﺼ ﺎ ل د ﯾ ﻦ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ م إ ﻟ ﻰ ا ﻟﻨ ﺎ س ﻛ ﺎﻓ ﺔ

، و ﻓ ﻖ ا ﻷ ﺳ ﺲ و اﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ ا ﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﯿ ﺢ

، و ﺑ ﻤ ﺎ ﯾﺘ ﻨﺎ ﺳ ﺐ ﻣ ﻊ أ ﺻ ﻨﺎ ف ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﻦ و ﯾ ﻼ ء م أ ﺣ ﻮ ا ل و ظ ﺮ و ف ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺨ ﺎ ط ﺒﯿ ﻦ

) ﻋ ﺒ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﺮ ﺣ ﯿ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻐ ﺬ و ي

، ص : 97 ( .

و ﻣ ﻤ ﺎ ﺟ ﺎ ء ﻓ ﻲ ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾ ﻒ ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة أﻧ ﮭ ﺎ:

ا ﻟﺒ ﯿﺎ ن و اﻟ ﺘﺒ ﻠﯿ ﻎ ﻟ ﮭ ﺬا ا ﻟﺪ ﯾ ﻦ

، أ ﺻ ﻮ ﻻً

، و أ ر ﻛ ﺎﻧ ﺎً،

و ﺗ ﻜ ﺎﻟ ﯿ ﻒ

، و اﻟ ﺤ ﺚ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ

، و اﻟ ﺘ ﺮ ﻏ ﯿ ﺐ ﻓ ﯿ ﮫ ) ﺣ ﺴ ﻦ ﻋ ﯿ ﺴ ﻰ ﻋ ﺒ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﻈ ﺎ ھ ﺮ

، ص : 26 ( .

و أ ﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ا ﻋ ﯿ ﺔ :

"

ھ ﻮ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﻠﻢ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺒﻠ ﻎ ﻟ ﻺ ﺳ ﻼ م

، و اﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻠﻢ ﻟ ﮫ

، و اﻟ ﺴ ﺎ ﻋ ﻲ إ ﻟ ﻰ ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘ ﮫ

"

)ا ﻟﻘ ﺤ ﻄ ﺎﻧ ﻲ

، ج : 2

، ص : 1086 (

، ﻓﺘ ﺒﯿ ﻦ أ ن ا ﻟﺪ ا ﻋ ﯿ ﺔ ھ ﻮ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﻠﻢ ا اﻟ ﺬ ي ﯾ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ

اﻟ ﺨ ﯿ ﺮ

، و ﯾ ﺤ ﺬ ر ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ .

(5)

2494 B. Abu Qaddum et al.: Reward of the Kind of Work…

Natural Sciences Publishing Cor.

و ﻣ ﻤ ﺎ ﺳ ﺒ ﻖ

، ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾ ﻒ ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة : أﻧ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ د ﯾ ﻦ ﷲ ﺗ ﺒﺎ ر ك و ﺗ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻰ

، ﻋ ﻘﯿ ﺪ ة

، و ﺷ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ

، و أ ﺧ ﻼ ﻗﺎ و ﺳ ﻠ ﻮ ﻛ ﺎ،

و ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎ ﻓﯿ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺨ ﯿ ﺮ و اﻟ ﻨﻔ ﻊ ﻟ ﻠ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ

، و ﻓ ﻖ ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺞ

ﺳ ﻠﯿ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻮ ﺳ ﺎﺋ ﻞ و ا ﻷ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﯿ ﺐ

، ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﺻ ﻠ ﺔ ﻟ ﮭ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة

، ﻣ ﺴ ﺘﻨ ﺪ ھ ﺎ و أ ﺳ ﺎ ﺳ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻢ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﻜ ﻤ ﺔ .

ﺛﺎ ﻧﯿ ﺎً

: ﻣ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ع ا ﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة :

اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ ﷲ ﺗﺒ ﺎ ر ك و ﺗ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻰ ﻟ ﻠﺘ ﺮ ﻏ ﯿ ﺐ إ ﻟ ﻰ د ﯾﻨ ﮫ و ﻣ ﺎ ﺟ ﺎ ء ت ﺑ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م

، و ﻣ ﺠ ﺎﻟ ﮭ ﺎ و ﻣ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋ ﮭ ﺎ ھ ﻮ ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﯾ ﻤ ﺎ ن ﺑﺎ Á

، و ﻣ ﺎ ﺟ ﺎ ء ت ﺑ ﮫ ر ﺳ ﻠ ﮫ

ﺑﺘ ﺼ ﺪ ﯾﻘ ﮭ ﻢ ﻓﯿ ﻤ ﺎ أ ﺧ ﺒ ﺮ و ا ﺑ ﮫ و ط ﺎ ﻋ ﺘ ﮭ ﻢ ﻓﯿ ﻤ ﺎ أ ﻣ ﺮ و ا،

و ذﻟ ﻚ ﯾﺘ ﻀ ﻤ ﻦ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ اﻟ ﺸ ﮭ ﺎ د ﺗﯿ ﻦ و إﻗ ﺎ م اﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ة و إﯾ ﺘﺎ ء اﻟ ﺰ ﻛ ﺎة و ﺻ ﻮ م ر ﻣ ﻀ ﺎ ن و ﺣ ﺞ اﻟ ﺒﯿ ﺖ و اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ

ا ﻹ ﯾ ﻤ ﺎ ن ﺑ ﺎ Á و ﻣ ﻼ ﺋ ﻜ ﺘ ﮫ و ﻛ ﺘﺒ ﮫ و ر ﺳ ﻠ ﮫ

، و اﻟ ﺒ ﻌ ﺚ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ت و ا ﻹ ﯾ ﻤ ﺎ ن ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻘ ﺪ ر ﺧ ﯿ ﺮ ه و ﺷ ﺮ ه و اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ أ ن ﯾ ﻌ ﺒ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺒ ﺪ ر ﺑ ﮫ ﻛ ﺄﻧ ﮫ ﯾ ﺮ اه )ا ﺑ ﻦ ﺗ ﯿ ﻤ ﯿ ﺔ

، ج : 15

، ص : 157 -

158 ( .

ﻓ ﮭ ﻲ د ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻘﯿ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺼ ﺤ ﯿ ﺤ ﺔ

، ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻤ ﺜﻠ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻹ ﯾ ﻤ ﺎ ن ﺑﺎ Á ﺗﺒ ﺎ ر ك و ﺗ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻰ

، و ھ ﻲ د ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ أ ر ﻛ ﺎ ن ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ م

، و إﺗ ﻤ ﺎ م ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة و إ ﻛ ﻤ ﺎ ل ا ﻟ ﺮ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة إﻟ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺣ ﺴ ﺎ ن

اﻟ ﺬ ي ھ ﻮ أ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﺮ اﺗ ﺐ ا ﻟﺪ ﯾ ﻦ و أ ز ﻛ ﺎ ھ ﺎ،

ﻓ ﮭ ﻲ ﻣ ﺮ اﺗ ﺐ ا ﻟﺪ ﯾ ﻦ ﻛ ﻤ ﺎ ﺑﯿ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﻨﺒ ﻲ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ﷲ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ و ﺳ ﻠﻢ ﻓ ﻲ ﺣ ﺪ ﯾ ﺚ ﺟ ﺒ ﺮ ﯾ ﻞ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻼ م

، ﻓ ﻌ ﻦ ﻋ ﻤ ﺮ ﺑ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺨ ﻄ ﺎ ب ر ﺿ ﻲ ﷲ

ﻋ ﻨ ﮫ ﻗ ﺎ ل :

"

ﺑﯿ ﻨ ﻤ ﺎ ﻧ ﺤ ﻦ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ر ﺳ ﻮ ل ﷲ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ﷲ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ و ﺳ ﻠﻢ ذا ت ﯾ ﻮ م إ ذ ط ﻠ ﻊ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﻨﺎ ر ﺟ ﻞ ﺷ ﺪ ﯾ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿﺎ ض ا ﻟﺜ ﯿﺎ ب ﺷ ﺪ ﯾ ﺪ ﺳ ﻮ اد ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻌ ﺮ ﻻ ﯾ ﺮ ى ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ أ ﺛ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﻔ ﺮ و ﻻ ﯾ ﻌ ﺮ ﻓ ﮫ

ﻣ ﻨﺎ أ ﺣ ﺪ ﺣ ﺘ ﻰ ﺟ ﻠ ﺲ إ ﻟ ﻰ ا ﻟﻨ ﺒ ﻲ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ﷲ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ و ﺳ ﻠﻢ ﻓ ﺄ ﺳ ﻨ ﺪ ر ﻛ ﺒﺘ ﯿ ﮫ إ ﻟ ﻰ ر ﻛ ﺒﺘ ﯿ ﮫ و و ﺿ ﻊ ﻛ ﻔﯿ ﮫ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻓ ﺨ ﺬ ﯾ ﮫ .

و ﻗﺎ ل : ﯾﺎ ﻣ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ أ ﺧ ﺒ ﺮ ﻧ ﻲ ﻋ ﻦ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ م

؟ ﻓﻘ ﺎ ل : ر ﺳ ﻮ ل ﷲ ﺻ ﻠ ﻰ ﷲ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ و ﺳ ﻠﻢ : ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ م أ ن ﺗ ﺸ ﮭ ﺪ أ ن ﻻ إ ﻟ ﮫ إ ﻻ ﷲ و أ ن ﻣ ﺤ ﻤ ﺪا ر ﺳ ﻮ ل ﷲ

، و ﺗﻘ ﯿ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﺼ ﻼ ة و ﺗ ﺆ ﺗ ﻲ

اﻟ ﺰ ﻛ ﺎة و ﺗ ﺼ ﻮ م ر ﻣ ﻀ ﺎ ن و ﺗ ﺤ ﺞ ا ﻟﺒ ﯿ ﺖ إ ن ا ﺳ ﺘ ﻄ ﻌ ﺖ إ ﻟﯿ ﮫ ﺳ ﺒﯿ ﻼ .

ﻗ ﺎ ل : ﺻ ﺪ ﻗ ﺖ . ﻗﺎ ل : ﻓ ﻌ ﺠ ﺒﻨ ﺎ ﻟ ﮫ ﯾ ﺴ ﺄﻟ ﮫ و ﯾ ﺼ ﺪ ﻗ ﮫ .

ﻗﺎ ل : ﻓﺄ ﺧ ﺒ ﺮ ﻧ ﻲ ﻋ ﻦ ا ﻹ ﯾ ﻤ ﺎ ن

؟ ﻗ ﺎ ل : أ ن ﺗ ﺆ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑ ﺎ Á و ﻣ ﻼ ﺋ ﻜ ﺘ ﮫ و ﻛ ﺘﺒ ﮫ و ر ﺳ ﻠ ﮫ و اﻟ ﯿ ﻮ م ا ﻵ ﺧ ﺮ و ﺗ ﺆ ﻣ ﻦ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻘ ﺪ ر ﺧ ﯿ ﺮ ه و ﺷ ﺮ ه ﻗﺎ ل ﺻ ﺪ ﻗ ﺖ .

ﻗ ﺎ ل : ﻓﺄ ﺧ ﺒ ﺮ ﻧ ﻲ ﻋ ﻦ ا ﻹ ﺣ ﺴ ﺎ ن

؟ ﻗﺎ ل : أ ن ﺗ ﻌ ﺒ ﺪ ﷲ ﻛ ﺄﻧ ﻚ ﺗ ﺮ اه ﻓﺈ ن ﻟ ﻢ ﺗ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗ ﺮ اه ﻓﺈ ﻧ ﮫ ﯾ ﺮ ا ك ﻗﺎ ل : ﻓﺄ ﺧ ﺒ ﺮ ﻧ ﻲ ﻋ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺎ ﻋ ﺔ

؟ ﻗﺎ ل : ﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺆ ل ﻋ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ ﺑﺄ ﻋ ﻠﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺋ ﻞ . ﻗﺎ ل :

ﻓﺄ ﺧ ﺒ ﺮ ﻧ ﻲ ﻋ ﻦ إ ﻣ ﺎ ر ﺗ ﮭ ﺎ

؟ ﻗ ﺎ ل : أ ن ﺗ ﻠﺪ ا ﻷ ﻣ ﺔ ر ﺑﺘ ﮭ ﺎ و أ ن ﺗ ﺮ ى ا ﻟ ﺤ ﻔﺎ ة اﻟ ﻌ ﺮ اة ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ر ﻋ ﺎ ء ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺎ ء ﯾ ﺘ ﻄ ﺎ و ﻟ ﻮ ن ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﺒ ﻨﯿ ﺎ ن .

ﻗﺎ ل : ﺛ ﻢ ا ﻧ ﻄ ﻠ ﻖ ﻓﻠ ﺒﺜ ﺖ ﻣ ﻠﯿ ﺎ ﺛ ﻢ ﻗﺎ ل ﻟ ﻲ ﯾ ﺎ ﻋ ﻤ ﺮ أ ﺗ ﺪ ر ي ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺎﺋ ﻞ ﻗﻠ ﺖ ﷲ و ر ﺳ ﻮ ﻟ ﮫ أ ﻋ ﻠﻢ ﻗﺎ ل ﻓﺈ ﻧ ﮫ ﺟ ﺒ ﺮ ﯾ ﻞ أ ﺗﺎ ﻛ ﻢ ﯾ ﻌ ﻠ ﻤ ﻜ ﻢ د ﯾﻨ ﻜ ﻢ

"

)أ ﺧ ﺮ ﺟ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﯿ ﺨ ﺎ ن

، ر و اه ا ﻟﺒ ﺨ ﺎ ر ي

،

ﺣ ﺪ ﯾ ﺚ ر ﻗ ﻢ 50

؛ و ﻣ ﺴ ﻠﻢ

، ﺣ ﺪ ﯾ ﺚ ر ﻗ ﻢ 8 ( .

إذ ا ﻓ ﻤ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋ ﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﺗﺘ ﻀ ﻤ ﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎﯾ ﺴ ﺘﻘ ﯿ ﻢ ﺑ ﮫ ﺷ ﺄ ن ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﻠﻢ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺎ ﻻ ت ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺘﻨ ﻮ ﻋ ﺔ

، ﻋ ﻘﯿ ﺪ ة و ﻋ ﺒﺎ د ة و أ ﺧ ﻼ ﻗﺎ و ﺳ ﻠ ﻮ ﻛ ﺎ.

و ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻓ ﻤ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ع ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ة ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾﻔ ﮫ ﺑ ﺎﻧ ﮫ :

"

اﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﺿ ﻮ ﻋ ﺎ ت ا ﻟﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ﯾ ﺨ ﺎ ط ﺐ ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﻦ ﺑ ﻜ ﺎﻓ ﺔ أ ﺻ ﻨﺎ ﻓ ﮭ ﻢ و ﺻ ﻮ ر ھ ﻢ

، و ﺗ ﺸ ﻤ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺎ ﻻ ت ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﺪ ﯾ ﺔ

، و اﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺒ ﺪ ﯾ ﺔ

، و ا ﻷ ﺧ ﻼ ﻗﯿ ﺔ

، و اﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﮭ ﺠ ﯿ ﺔ

، و ﻛ ﻞ ﻣ ﺎ ﻓﯿ ﮫ ﺧ ﯿ ﺮ

و ﺳ ﻌ ﺎ د ة ﻟﻠ ﻌ ﺒ ﺪ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﺪ ﻧﯿ ﺎ و ا ﻵ ﺧ ﺮ ة

"

.

2 . اﻟ ﻤ ﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ا ﻷ و ل : ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﺗﺄ ﺻ ﯿﻠ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ

ﻟﺒ ﯿﺎ ن ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﺗ ﺘﺒ ﻌ ﻨﺎ أ ﻗ ﻮ ا ل ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻤ ﺎ ء ﻓ ﯿ ﮭ ﺎ،

و ذﻟ ﻚ و ﺻ ﻮ ﻻً

ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨﺎ ھ ﺎ،

و ﺑﯿ ﺎ ن ﺣ ﺪ و د ھ ﺎ و ﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ﺪ ل ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻣ ﻦ أ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م

، و اﻟ ﻮ ﻗ ﻮ ف ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ

ﺗﺄ ﺻ ﯿﻠ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ آ ﯾﺎ ت ا ﻟﻘ ﺮ آ ن ا ﻟ ﻜ ﺮ ﯾ ﻢ .

1.2 ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ا ﻷ و ل : ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ و ﻋ ﻼ ﻗ ﺘ ﮭ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺘ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘ ﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ

اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻠ ﻐ ﺔ : اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن ﺛ ﻮ اﺑ ﺎ،

و ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن ﻋ ﻘﺎ ﺑﺎ

، و اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء أ ﯾ ﻀ ﺎ:

ا ﻟﻘ ﻀ ﺎ ء )ا ﻷ ز ھ ﺮ ي

، 2011

، ج : 11

، ص : 98 (

، ﻗ ﺎ ل ﷲ ﺗ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﻰ : ) ﻗَﺎ ﻟُ

ﻮ اْ

ﻤَﺎﻓَ

ﺟَ

ﺰَٰ

هُۥٓ ؤُ

إِ

ن ﻛُ

ﻨﺘُ

ﻢ

ﻛَٰ

ﺑِﯿﺬِ

ﻦَ

( ) ﺳ ﻮ ر ة ﯾ ﻮ ﺳ ﻒ : 74 (

، ) ﻗَﺎ ﻟُ

ﻮ ﺟَاْ

ﺰَٰ

هُۥ ؤُ

ﻣَ

وُﻦ ﺟِ

ﺪَ

ﻓِ

رَﻲ ﺣ ﻠِ

ﮫِۦ ﮭُﻓَ

ﻮَ

ﺟَ

ﺰَٰ

هُۥۚ ؤُ

ﻛَ

ﺬَٰﻟِ

ﻚَ

ﻧَ

ﺰِﺠ ي ٱ ﻟ ﻈﱠٰﻠِ

ﻤِ

ﯿ ﻦَ

( ) ﺳ ﻮ ر ة ﯾ ﻮ ﺳ ﻒ : 75 (

، ﺣ ﯿ ﺚ ﺟ ﺎ ء ﻓ ﻲ ﻟ ﺴ ﺎ ن ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺮ ب : اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء

اﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎﻓ ﺄة ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء )ا ﺑ ﻦ ﻣ ﻨ ﻈ ﻮ ر

، 1414 ھ ـ،

ج : 14

، ص : 143 (

، و ﻗﯿ ﻞ إ ن ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ھ ﻮ ﺑ ﺬ ل ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء

، و اﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺘ ﺤ ﻖ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻓ ﻌ ﻠ ﮫ )ا ﻷ ﺻ ﺒ ﮭ ﺎﻧ ﻲ

، ج : 1

، ص : 327 ( .

و اﻟ ﺪ ﯾ ﻦ ﯾ ﺄﺗ ﻲ ﺑ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء و اﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎﻓ ﺄة )ا ﻟ ﺮ ا ز ي

، 1979

، ص : 110 ( .

ﻣ ﻤ ﺎ ﺳ ﺒ ﻖ ﯾ ﺘﺒ ﯿ ﻦ أ ن ﻣ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﯾ ﺪ و ر ﺣ ﻮ ل ا ﻻ ﺳ ﺘ ﺤ ﺎ ق ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﺳ ﻮ ا ء أ ﻛ ﺎ ن ﺧ ﯿ ﺮ أ م ﺷ ﺮ و ﺳ ﻮ ا ء أ ﻛ ﺎ ن ﺛ ﻮ اﺑ ﺎً

أ و ﻋ ﻘﺎ ﺑﺎً

، و ذﻟ ﻚ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﻋ ﻤ ﻞ ا ﻹ ﻧ ﺴ ﺎ ن .

أ ﻣ ﺎ اﻟ ﺠ ﻨ ﺲ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﻠ ﻐ ﺔ : ﻛ ﻞ ﺿ ﺮ ب ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء

، و ﺟ ﻤ ﻌ ﮫ أ ﺟ ﻨﺎ س و ﺟ ﻨ ﻮ س ) ﻋ ﺒﺎ د

، إ ﺳ ﻤ ﺎ ﻋ ﯿ ﻞ

، 1994

، ج : 2

، ص : 91 (

، و ﻗﺎ ل ا ﻟ ﺠ ﻮ ھ ﺮ ي ﻓ ﻲ ﺗ ﺎ ج ا ﻟ ﻌ ﺮ و س :

"

ا ﻟ ﺠ ﻨ ﺲ

أ ﻋ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﻨ ﻮ ع

، و ﻣ ﻨ ﮫ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺎﻧ ﺴ ﺔ و اﻟ ﺘ ﺠ ﻨﯿ ﺲ

، و ھ ﻮ ﻛ ﻞ ﺿ ﺮ ب ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء

، و ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟﻨ ﺎ س و ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻄ ﯿ ﺮ

"

)ا ﻟ ﺠ ﻮ ھ ﺮ ي

، ج : 15

، ص : 515 (

، ﻓﺎ ﻟ ﺠ ﻨ ﺲ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء ﻣ ﺎ

ﯾ ﺸ ﺎ ﻛ ﻠ ﮫ و ﯾ ﺸ ﺎﺑ ﮭ ﮫ .

و أ ﻣ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﺻ ﻄ ﻼ ح ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ﻟﯿ ﯿ ﻦ ﻓﻘ ﺪ ﺗ ﻨﺎ و ل ا ﺑ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﯿ ﻢ ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﯾ ﻒ ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة و ﻋ ﻨ ﻲ ﺑ ﺒﯿ ﺎﻧ ﮭ ﺎ و اﻟ ﺘ ﻤ ﺜﯿ ﻞ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮭ ﺎ،

و ھ ﺬا ﯾ ﺴ ﮭ ﻞ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﻨﺎ ا ﻟ ﻮ ﻗ ﻮ ف ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻹ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

،

و ﯾ ﺠ ﻌ ﻠ ﮭ ﺎ ﻣ ﺤ ﻞ ﻧ ﻈ ﺮ و ﺑ ﺤ ﺚ ﻓ ﻲ ﺷ ﺘ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺎ ﻻ ت

، ﻓ ﻤ ﻦ ﺧ ﻼ ل ا ﻟﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﻓ ﻲ ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ﺗ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﻔﻘ ﮭ ﯿ ﺔ و ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻘﺎ ﺗ ﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪ ﻋ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ و ﻏ ﯿ ﺮ ھ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺎ ﻻ ت

، ﻓ ﻘ ﺪ ﺑ ﯿّ

ﻦ ا ﺑ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﯿ ﻢ ﻣ ﻌ ﻨ ﻰ ا ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة

ﺑﻘ ﻮ ﻟ ﮫ :

"

أ ن ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻤ ﺎﺛ ﻼً ﻟ ﻠ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺴ ﮫ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﺨ ﯿ ﺮ و اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ

، ﻓ ﻤ ﻦ ﺳ ﺘ ﺮ ﻣ ﺴ ﻠ ﻤ ﺎ ﺳ ﺘ ﺮ ه ﷲ

، و ﻣ ﻦ ﯾ ﺴ ﺮ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﻣ ﻌ ﺴ ﺮ ﯾ ﺴ ﺮ ﷲ ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ

"

)ا ﺑ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﯿ ﻢ

، ج : 1

، ص :

150 (

، و ﻣ ﻤ ﺎ ھ ﻮ ﻣ ﻌ ﻠ ﻮ م أ ن اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﯿ ﺔ ﺷ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ اﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ل ﺑ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠﺘ ﮭ ﺎ و ﺑﺄ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ ﻣ ﮭ ﺎ و ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﺗ ﺮ ﺳ ﺦ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎﻧ ﻲ اﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ل ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ

، و ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻮ ل اﻟ ﺜﺎ ﺑﺘ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ

اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﯿ ﺔ إ ﻟ ﺤ ﺎ ق ا ﻟﻨ ﻈ ﯿ ﺮ ﺑ ﻨ ﻈ ﯿ ﺮ ه و ا ﻋ ﺘﺒ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﻞ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﻞ

، و ھ ﺬا ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻞ ھ ﻮ ﻣ ﺎ ﺗﻘ ﻮ م ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮫ ﻗ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

، ﻓ ﻨ ﻮ ع ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﺮ ﺗ ﺐ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

ﻣ ﻤ ﺎﺛ ﻼً ﻟ ﮫ

، و ھ ﺬا ھ ﻮ ﺟ ﻮ ھ ﺮ ا ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة و ﻟﺒّ

ﻠ ﮭ ﺎ و ھ ﺬا ﻣ ﺎ ﯾ ﺠ ﻌ ﻞ ﻣ ﻨ ﮭ ﺎ أ ﺻ ﻼً ﺛ ﺎﺑ ﺘﺎً

ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ع ﺑ ﺄ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ ﻣ ﮫ و ﺑﺜ ﻮ اﺑ ﮫ و ﺑ ﻌ ﻘﺎ ﺑ ﮫ

، و ھ ﺬا ا ﻷ ﺻ ﻞ ﻛ ﻤ ﺎ ﯾ ﺼ ﻔ ﮫ ا ﺑ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﯿ ﻢ ﺑ ﺄﻧ ﮫ :

"

إﻟ ﺤ ﺎ ق

اﻟ ﻨ ﻈ ﯿ ﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻨ ﻈ ﯿ ﺮ

، و ا ﻋ ﺘﺒ ﺎ ر ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﻞ

، و ﻟ ﮭ ﺬا ﯾ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺎ ر ع ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻞ و ا ﻷ و ﺻ ﺎ ف ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺆ ﺛ ﺮ ة و اﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺎﻧ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺘﺒ ﺮ ة ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻷ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م ا ﻟﻘ ﺪ ر ﯾ ﺔ و اﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﻋ ﯿ ﺔ و اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ اﺋ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﯿ ﺪ ل ﺑ ﺬﻟ ﻚ

ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ﺗ ﻌ ﻠ ﻖ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﻜ ﻢ ﺑ ﮭ ﺎ

"

)ا ﺑ ﻦ ا ﻟﻘ ﯿ ﻢ

، ج : 1

، ص : 150 ( .

و ﯾﻘ ﻮ ل ا ﻟﺜ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﺒ ﻲ ﻓ ﻲ ھ ﺬا ا ﻟ ﺴ ﯿﺎ ق :

"

و ﻗ ﺪ ﻓ ﻄ ﺮ ﷲ ﻋ ﺒﺎ د ه ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ أ ن ﺣ ﻜ ﻢ ا ﻟﻨ ﻈ ﯿ ﺮ ﺣ ﻜ ﻢ ﻧ ﻈ ﯿ ﺮ ه

، و ﺣ ﻜ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ء ﺣ ﻜ ﻢ ﻣ ﺜﯿ ﻠ ﮫ

، و ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ إ ﻧ ﻜ ﺎ ر ا ﻟﺘ ﻔ ﺮ ﻗ ﺔ ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻤ ﺎﺛ ﻠﯿ ﻦ و اﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻊ ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ

اﻟ ﻤ ﺨ ﺘﻠ ﻔﯿ ﻦ

، و ﻗ ﺪ ﺟ ﻌ ﻞ ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ

"

)ا ﻟﺜ ﻌ ﺎﻟ ﺒ ﻲ

، 1995

، ج : 1

، ص : 432 (

، و ھ ﺬ ه اﻟ ﻘﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ﻟ ﮭ ﺎ ﻋ ﻼ ﻗ ﺔ ﻣ ﺒﺎ ﺷ ﺮ ة ﺑ ﻤ ﻘﺎ ﺻ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﯿ ﺔ ﻓ ﺄ ﻋ ﻤ ﺎ ل ا ﻟ ﺨ ﻠ ﻖ

و ﺗ ﺼ ﺮ ﻓﺎ ﺗ ﮭ ﻢ ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺮ ة ا ﻻ ﺧ ﺘﯿ ﺎ ر ﯾ ﺔ ﺗﻘ ﺘ ﻀ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻋ ﻠﯿ ﮭ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺴ ﮭ ﺎ و ھ ﺬا ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻻ ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن إ ﻻ ﺗ ﺤ ﻘﯿ

ً ﻟﻘﺎ ﻠ ﻌ ﺪ ل

، و اﻟ ﻐ ﺎﯾ ﺔ و اﻟ ﺤ ﻜ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ھ ﺬا ا ﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ا ﻟﺘ ﺮ ﻏ ﯿ ﺐ و اﻟ ﺘ ﺮ ھ ﯿ ﺐ

،

ﻓﺘ ﻜ ﻮ ن ا ﻟﻘ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة ذا ت أ ﺛ ﺮ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟﺘ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺎ ت و ا ﻷ ﺣ ﻜ ﺎ م ا ﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗ ﺤ ﻜ ﻢ ﺗ ﺼ ﺮ ﻓﺎ ت ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﻠﻔ ﯿ ﻦ )ا ﺑ ﻦ ﻋ ﺎ ﺷ ﻮ ر

، 2004

، ج : 2

، ص : 468 (

، ﻓ ﺄ و ا ﻣ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﺸ ﺮ ﯾ ﻌ ﺔ ا ﻹ ﺳ ﻼ ﻣ ﯿ ﺔ و ﻧ ﻮ ا ھ ﯿ ﮭ ﺎ

ﻟﯿ ﺴ ﺖ ﻣ ﺠ ﺮ د ة ﻋ ﻦ د ﻓ ﻊ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻀ رّﺎ و ﺟ ﻠ ﺐ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺼ ﺎﻟ ﺢ

، ﻓ ﺄ و ا ﻣ ﺮ ھ ﺎ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮ ن ﻟ ﻤ ﺼ ﻠ ﺤ ﺔ و ﻧ ﻮ اﯾ ﮭ ﺎ ﻟﺪ ﻓ ﻊ ﻣ ﻔ ﺴ ﺪ ة

، و ﺑ ﮭ ﺬا ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن ﺗ ﻄ ﺒﯿ ﻖ ﻗ ﺎ ﻋ ﺪ ة اﻟ ﺠ ﺰ ا ء ﻣ ﻦ ﺟ ﻨ ﺲ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﯾ ﺤ ﻘ ﻖ ﻣ ﻘﺎ ﺻ ﺪ