Nanofiltration membranes composed of carbonized giant cane and Pongamia meal binder for ion sieving
in water and molecular sieving in organic solvents
Item Type Article
Authors Balaji, K.R.;Abdellah, Mohamed;Kumar, V.G. Dileep;Santosh, M.S.;Reddy, Roopa;Kumar, Surender;Szekely, Gyorgy
Citation Balaji, K. R., Abdellah, M. H., Kumar, V. G. D., Santosh, M.
S., Reddy, R., Kumar, S., & Szekely, G. (2022). Nanofiltration membranes composed of carbonized giant cane and Pongamia meal binder for ion sieving in water and molecular sieving in organic solvents. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, e00517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00517 Eprint version Post-print
DOI 10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00517
Publisher Elsevier BV
Journal Sustainable Materials and Technologies
Rights NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Sustainable Materials and Technologies.
Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Sustainable Materials and Technologies, [, ,
(2022-11-04)] DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00517 . © 2022. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Download date 2023-11-29 18:41:57
Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10754/685537
S1
Supporting Information
Nanofiltration membranes composed of carbonized giant cane and Pongamia meal binder for ion sieving in water and molecular sieving in organic solvents
K.R. Balajia,ψ, Mohamed H. Abdellahb,ψ, V.G. Dileep Kumara, M. S. Santosha,c*, Roopa Reddyd, Surender Kumarc,e, Gyorgy Szekelyb*
a Coal to Hydrogen Energy for Sustainable Solutions (CHESS) Division, CSIR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Digwadih Campus, Dhanbad – 828108, Jharkhand, India.
b Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
d Centre for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC), Jyothy Institute of Technology, Thataguni, Off Kanakapura Road, Bangalore - 560082, Karnataka, India.
e CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal - 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
ψ M.A. and K.R.B. contributed equally to this study.
* Corresponding authors: E-mail: [email protected]; E-mail: [email protected]
S2 Table S1. Hydrated ionic radii [1]
Ion Radius (Å)
Chloride 3.32
Sodium 3.58
Sulphate 3.79
Magnesium 4.28
Calcium 4.12
Table S2. Diffusion coefficient of salts at 25 °C [2,3]
Salt Diffusion coefficient (× 10−9 m2 s−1)
NaCl 1.61
Na2SO4 1.23
MgCl2 1.25
MgSO4 0.85
CaCl2 1.34
Figure S1. EDS patterns of a giant cane membrane
S3
Figure S2. (a) Adsorption–desorption isotherm and (b) BJH plot of giant cane carbon
Table S3. Stability of a giant cane membrane in various organic solvents after 30 days
Solvent GCM
Toluene ✓
Benzene ✓
Methanol ✓
Ethanol ✓
Acetone ✓
THF ✓
DMF ✓
Acetonitrile ✓
Heptane ✓
NMP ✓
DMSO ✓
S4
Full XPS scan of membranes
Figure S3. Full XPS scan of a) nylon support, b) GCM-10, c) GCM-50, and d) GCM-75
Table S4. The elemental composition of the support and the composite GC membranes obtained from the broad XPS scan
Support GCM-10 GCM-50 GCM-75
C (%) 78.53 68.27 84.26 82.71
O (%) 9.89 23.76 11.13 13.01
N (%) 11.58 5.37 1.35 1.69
F (%) - 0.40 0.51 -
Si (%) - 1.09 0.99 0.82
Na (%) - 0.68 0.19 0.32
Ca (%) - 0.43 1.57 1.45
Pore size distribution
The pore size distribution of the different membranes was obtained from the rejection data[4] and presented in Figure S4. The molar volume of the solutes was calculated using the group contribution model[5] whereas the bulk diffusivity of the solutes in acetone at the filtration temperature was calculated using the Wilke-Change equation[6].
S5
Figure S4. Pore size distribution curves for a) GCM-10, b) GCM-50, and GCM-75
Figure S5. (a) Brightfield images of the NIH 3T3 cells treated with different concentrations of Pongamia meal and synthesized giant cane carbon. The images were captured before conducting the MTT assay for 48 h at 40× magnification using the EVOS imaging system. (b) Cell viability of NIH 3T3 cells after exposure to Pongamia meal and the synthesized carbon materials in a dose- and time-dependent MTT assay. The toxicity of the samples was evaluated with the increase in the concentration of the test samples over a period of 48 h. The X-axis represents different concentrations of the test samples used at two different time points and the Y-axis represents the absorbance at 570 nm. The values in the graph are representative of the readings from triplicates and the data are represented as mean ± SD.
S6 References
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[4] R. Hardian, K.A. Miller, L. Cseri, S. Roy, J.M. Gayle, R. Vajtai, P.M. Ajayan, G. Szekely, Chemical Engineering Journal 452 (2023) 139457.
[5] W. Schotte, The Chemical Engineering Journal 48 (1992) 167–172.
[6] C.R. Wilke, P. Chang, AIChE J. 1 (1955) 264–270.