Time Table for Lab course ( EGP 491)

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Faculty of Earth Sciences King Abdulaziz University Ministry of Higher Education Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Course Description (Theoretical)

Department: Geophysics

Course Symbol: EGP Number: 491 Course name: Seismic Exploration

Pre-requisite courses: PHYS101, MATH 101

Course description: Discrete Fourier transform, fast Fourier transform, convolution, auto- correclation and cross-correlation, sampling theorem (aliasing, truncation of analytic signal, Nyquist frequency), Z-transforms, digital filters, 2-D Fourier transform, emphasis on computer applications.

Course objectives:

1. To help student to be able to actively involved in any process of geophysical data 2. Increase student skills for logic thinking.

3. Ability to program different geophysical problems using numerical approaches 4. To learn principles of optimization and minimization

General references for course: (Books/Journals…etc.)

1. Dobrin and Savit, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1988. This was the textbook for this course for several years. Nice text but very

exploration oriented.

2. Telford, W.M., L.P. Geldart, R.E. Sheriff, and D.A. Keys, Applied Geophysics, Cambridge University Press, 1976. This is an encyclopedia for various techniques. A bit difficult to read.

3. Dobrin, M., Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, McGraw-Hill, 3rd Edition, 1973.

Somewhat outdated but a classic. Information is still accurate.

4. Grant, F.S., and G.F. West, Interpretation and Theory in Applied Geophysics.

5. Shaum’s outline series ( fortran programming) 6. Seismic data processing ( A review), SEg series

7. Notes ( Scintric 856 manual) magnetometers and data reduction A general geophysical theory book that can be used to shore up your background if need be.

Internet links:

1. http://bass.gmu.edu/~gbeale/ece_360/exmpl360.html 2. http://www.ees.nmt.edu/Geop/Classes/GEOP529.html 3. http://www.kurnikov.org/links/math_links.htm

Course outcome: The student will be able to know the wave properties, signal characters, signal analysis, interpretive methodologies in g & m. He is suppose to learn the following:

1. Concept of signal/anomaly separation.

2. Polynomical fitting, second derivatives.

3. Magnetic signal processing, Evler deconvolution.

4. Fourin transform.

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Scheme of assessment:

Periodical examination ( 2 or 3) 10% 20% to 30%

Participation, quizes, homework, report 10% to 20 %

Final Lab 30%

Final theoretical 20% to 30 %

Time Table for Course Lectures ( EGP 491)

Week Test Name References 1 Introduction to the course, Concept of

signal/anomaly separation. Regional and residual fields, Graphical and analytical

techniques, A review on the different techniques

Telford, W.M., L.P. Geldart, R.E. Sheriff, and D.A. Keys, Applied Geophysics, Cambridge University Press, 1976.

This is an encyclopedia for various techniques. A bit difficult to

read.

2 Contour smoothing method, Method of profiles, 3 Center point method, Arithmetic mean

4 Polynomial fitting , on profile and on maps using first order regional field surface, Least- squares technique

Dobrin and Savit, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1988. This was the textbook for this course for several years. Nice text but very exploration oriented.

5 Second vertical derivative computation and mapping

Dobrin and Savit, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1988. This was the textbook for this course for several years. Nice text but very exploration oriented.

6 Relation between slop a₂ of g_z versus r²curve 7 Mid-Term Exam

8 Magnetometers, Total field measurements, earths field magnetism, diurnal variation, micro pulsation and magnetic storms., data reduction 9 Potential theory

10 A fast review on the continuation of fields , up

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and downward

11 Fortran programming and application to data processing, Fortran Programming,

elements of fortran programming Arrays, declaration, syntax, Open, close, read, write statements

. Shaum’s outline series ( fortran programming)

12 Seismic processing, Cyclicity sedimentation, fundamental wave theory, signal summation, period, frequency, phase, effect of phase shift 13 Fourier spectrum, Signal /wave, Signal shape

in time and frequency domain( single frequency, unit impulse, white noise, ideal white noise, seismic signal + noise), frequency aliasing, reflection coefficient, convolution, cross correlation, and autocorrelation

Dobrin and Savit, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1988. This was the textbook for this course for several years. Nice text but very exploration oriented. , . Seismic data processing ( A review), SEg series

14 Example of reflection seismic data from different areas in Saudi Arabia, Ideal white noise, seismic signal + noise), frequency aliasing, reflection coefficient, convolution, cross correlation, and autocorrelation

. Seismic data processing ( A review), SEg series

15 Final Exams

Time Table for Lab course ( EGP 491)

Lab.

# Date Exp/Practical title References

1 lab 1

Potential field data processing Anomaly separation

Graphical methods Contour smoothing

Dobrin and Savit, Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1988

2 Lab 2

analytical methods Arithmetic mean

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3 Lab 3

analytical methods Griffin’s method

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4 Lab4

analytical methods Least-squares method

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5 Lab 5 Second vertical derivative methods

Dobrin, M., Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting, McGraw-Hill, 3rd Edition, 1973.

Somewhat outdated but a classic.

Information is still accurate

6 Lab 6

Seismic data processing, convolution, cross correlation,

autocorrelation

Seismic data processing ( A review), SEg series

7 Lab 7

Seismic data processing, frequency spectrum, box

function

8 Lab 8 Concept of digital filtering

Notes ( Scintric 856 manual) magnetometers and data reduction

9 Lab 9 Fourier transform of different wave form, noise, white noise

10 Lab 10

Seismic data processing, Correlation coefficient ,acoustic impedance ,signal to

noise ratio

11 Lab 11

FORTRAN programming, arrays, constants , variables, IF statement

Shaum’s outline series ( fortran programming)

12 Lab 12 FORTRAN programming, Do loops, decision statements

13 Lab 13

A real program to compute convolution and cross correlation