TIN KH NLTOC NGOAI
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10 BOT PHA CONG NGHE NJlM 2016 Ph^nl
NhCfng phat minh cong nghe nao thiic sir tao ra dUOc nhCfng thay doi I6n trong viec giai quy^t nhufng van de cua xa hpi va md ra nhCfng co hpi m6i trong tJOng lai? Dadi day la 10 dot pha cong nghe 6\SocX^ MIT Technology Review binh chpn cho nam 2016. Tat ca 10 phat minh nay da tao ra nhCfng dau an quan trpng trong nam qua.
HIEN DICH BANG BIEN DOI GENE
Thdi diem dua vao ap dung: 1 - 2 nam tdi.
Cac te bao mien dich bien ddi gene dang ciiu song nhiSu benh nhan img thu. Cac nhd khoa hpc da nghien cuu va dieu che ra dugc mgt sd Xh bao bi6n ddi gene CO th6 tieu di?t cac tg bdo ung thu d b?nh nhan mac ung thu bach can (leukemia - mpt dang cua ung thu mau). Cac te bao nay dugc chinh sua dua fren viec ap dimg ky thuat mdi nhat frong chinh siia gene - phuung phdp TALEN - cit va ghep ADN ngay fren tk bao s6ng. Cu th8, hp tim dugc each de kiSm soat vd tang cudng khd nang miln t^ch cua cac tS bdo T (mpt loai tk bao d he thdng miln djch chuyen tieu diet cdc te bdo ung thu) bing cdch dua them m^t doMi ADN da dugc sua chiia vao t6 bao T. C6 khodng 300 bSnh nhan da tham gia thu nghiSm lieu phap diSu tri mdi nay va cd diu hieu thuyen gidm hoan toan. Mgt sd cong ty dupc pham vd cdng ngh? sinh hgc du kien se nghien ciiu iing dung de su dung rdng rai phuong phdp diSu tri nay.
CHiNH S^A GENE CHINH XAC 0 THVC VAT Thdi diSm dua vao ap dyng: 5 -
10 nam tdi.
Mgt phuong phdp chinh siia gene mdi d thuc vat (cong nghe nay dupc gpi la CRISPR) da dem lai hi vpng tang sdn lugng cay frdng va gmp chiing chiu han han va chong benh tat hieu qua hon.
Cac cay frfing dupc chinh siia gene bang cong nghe CRISPR hien dang dupc nuoi frong frong nhieu phong thi nghiem fren the gidi. Hien tai, m6t phong thi nghi?m d Trung Quoc da sit dung phuong phap nay dk tao ra mgt loai lua mi khdng nam, mpt vai nhom khac d Trung Qu6c cung sii dung ky thuat nay tren liia nudc de giiip tang sdn lugng. Cac nha khoa hpc Anh cung ap dung CRISPR dk sua gene ttSn liia
mach nham san xuat ra giong liia chiu han. Nhieu cong ty sdn xuat giong lirong thuc dang hy vpng cd the ban ra thi tnrdng cdc loai hat giong dugc san xuat bdng ky thudt CRISPR nay frong v6ng nam nam tdi.
G^AO TIEP v d l MAY TINH BANG GIONG NO!
Giao dien gipng noi vdn chi la giac mo ciia cac nha ky thuat ttong su6t nhiSu thSp ky qua, tham chi chi dugc nhac tdi frong van hpc vien tudng. Nhung nay, udc mo do da ttd thdnh hien thuc khi Baidu, cong ty Intemet hang dau cua Trung Qu6c dp dung cdng nghe giao tiep bang gipng noi vao viec svr dyng dien thoai
TigScing 29
TIN KH NL/OC NGOAI
thong minh. Hien nay, nhieu ngudi dimg dien thoai thdng minh d Trung Quoc da su dung chinh tiSng noi cua minh dS tuong tdc vdi dien thoai thay vi phai vudt, cham vao man hinh cdm ung.
Cdng nghe ndy dac biet phii hpp d Trung Qudc vi chii Han von rat kho thiet ke fren giao dien man hinh cam iing nho ciia dien thoai di dpng. Cac ky su ciia Baidu tin rang cong nghe gigng ndi ndy se nhanh chdng dupc phat trien hon nira de con ngudi cd the tucmg tac bang gipng noi vdi nhieu thiSt hi khac, vi du nhu cac robot hay cdc thiet bi ttong gia dinh. Cac ky su tai Hpc vien cong nghe Massa- chusetts (MIT) ciing cho rang da den thdi diem "hung nd" cong nghe gipng noi, vi con ngudi dang CO nhu cdu "ndi" vdi nhiing thiSt bi thdng minh hon la su dyng dilu khiSn hi xa.
TAI S ^ DUNG TEN htx Trudc day cdc ten lua se bi pha huy ttong lan diu su dung, nhimg nay chiing cd the quay ttd lai ha canh vd dugc nap nhien lieu cho mpt hanh trinh Idiac, phdt minh nay da md ra mpt ky nguyen mdi trong ngdnh hang khdng vu tru.
Cong nghe ndy se giup nganh hang khong vu tru tiSt kiSm chi phi hang ttam lan so vdi trudc day. Hai "6ng ldn" cong nghe da hien thuc hda khd nang nay la Blue Origin va SpaceX. Blue Ori- gin hi vpng ttong tuong lai cdng nghe nay se giiip cac hanh khach cd the tham quan vu tru ttong cac chuyln bay ngin khoang vdi phut cdn SpaceX se su dung cong nghe ndy de phdng cac v§ tinh va tiep te cho cac tram khong gian.
CAC ROBOT CO THE DAY
LANNHAU
Thdi diem ap dung: 3 - 5 nam tdi.
3 0 l i ¥ i p ! 5 ? 9 www.tiasang.com.vn
Ngay nav con nguai can tai robot de xu ly rat nhieu viec, chang ban nhu ddng gdi, xep dd trong cac nha kho, giup do ngudi benh... nhung viec "giao nhiem vii" cho robot khdng de dang bdi vi robot chua the nhan thiic va dugc day dd nhu con ngudi ma chi dugc con ngudi Idjp trinh sin de Iam viec gi do cd dinh. Trong mpt du an cdng nghe mdi cua Tellex, mpt robot CO thl nhan thdng tm tir cac robot khac. Du an nay co muc tieu nghien cuu each robot
"mau" thuc hien nhiing nhiem vu don gian nhu cdm nam vat dung gi do, sau do tdi dii lieu (ve each cam, nam, hoat dpng) cua robot do ISn kho dii lieu dien toan dam may rdi cho cac robot khac phdn tich vd su dung thdng tin do. Du an nay da to ra hieu qua khi rit nhieu robot cd thS sir dung khung dii lieu cua robot "mau" vd thuc hien cdc dpng tac giong nhu robot "mlu"
(cac dii lieu nay dugc nen lai vdi dung lugng nho dudi 10 Megabyte, chi bing mgt bdi hat). Tellex mdi chi la khdi ddu cua mpt dir an ddi hoi mang tSn
"Bg nao robot" (RobotBrain) vdi ttgng tdm nghien ciiu each mpt con robot co the hpc dugc nhimg ttai nghiSm tir mgt robot khac nhu the ndo.
APP STORE VE THdNG TIN ADN Neu ban biSt minh cd gene them nggt va ban khoan rang lieu minh se mac phai nhung nguy co siic khoe gi vdi gene do, thi nay da co san kho iing dung phan tich tfaraig tin ve ADN ma tdt ca mpi nguM c6 thS tray cap vdo do. Mpt kho dii Ueu true mySn cd diy dii cac thong tin vS gene ciia minh se gii^ ban de dang tray cap dS tim hieu ve cac nguy CO cho siic khoe ciia minh.
Cdng ty Helix d San Francisco da ddu tu 100 trieu USD de md mpt kho thdng tin true myen ddu tien vS gene (ADN App Store). Helix se thu thap mau gene tir m6i khach hdng mua ting dung ttong ADN App Store, xac dinh trinh tu geae va phan tich dii heu gene tit cac khach hang nay, roi so hoa ket cpi phan tich. Ngodi ra, bit ki nha phat trien phdn mem nao ciing deu co ths tray cap cac kit qud phan tich ndy va t?io ra cac iing dung khac thich hpp vdi ngudi dung. Vi dy, chang han nhu se co mpt iing dung vdi gid chi 10 USD cho ban thdy minh frong nhu the ndo sau 10 nam niia dua frSn cac ket qua phan tich gene ciia ban tren ADN App
Store, n ^
Thu Quynh liegc dich Ngudn: https://www.technoIogyreview.
com/lists/technoIogies/2016/
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