BAI BAO KHOA HOC BUTMIIHiNUnailTMl -SAVZOIS
TIKC TIANfi lOAT BONG SBNG VA NHU CAU VAN BONG COA TIE EM KIIEM TII
T n f o n g A n h T u i n * Lipu T h i Som**
Tdm t i t : ^ v i n d^ giao dpc. dio t9o, d^y nghi cho ngirdi khiim thj cd y nghTa die biit quan trpng nhim
t90 diiu ki$n cho hp cd thi bio dim ctJdc sdrig v i hda r^iip cdng d&ng. Vific nghiin cdu tim hiiu thyc trfng ho9t ddng sdng vi nhu ciu hoft ddng v$n tldng cua t r i em khiim thj l i mOt yiu ciu birc thiit vd mang y nghTa din d i ,
TCP khda: Ho^t ddng sdng, nhu ciu vin ddng. t r i khiim thj, hpc sinh...
The real situation of living activities and exercise needs of blind children Summary:
Education, training, v(x:ational training for t>lind people have spec^ial impcxtant meaning to create conditkms for them to be atile to guarantee the life and community integratitxi. The research finds living situatkxis and advocacy needs of blind chiklren is an urgent requirement and meaningful
ords: life activity, exercise needs. tHind children, students,.
OAT VAN
o i
Theo so lifu ciia hpi ngudi khuyet lai \ li-i Nam hiijn nay so lupng ngucri khidm thj d \ iv'i Nam tuomg diii Idn (4827(X) ngudi bj mil 2 mit vii 891000 ngudi mu I mat), trong dd ire em chiem 3.2 %. Di eo thd tham gia hpc tap. hpc nghe ciic em cin cd sire khde, can du(?c trang bj nhimg ky ning v i n dpng co bin v a cin thii-t cho cupc sdng V il lao dpng, nhat l i ning lye xie dmh phuimg hudng v i ning lyc phan bift v a su dyng eiie cdng cy lao dong.
PHUdNG PHAP N G H I I N ClJfU
- Phuimg phip phan tich va tdng hpp t i i Iii-u I'hirimg phip phcmg van tpa dam: Chiing tiii dpc cau hcii cho cic em hpc sinh khidm thj, sau dd dinh dau vio v kien tra Icri. Trong qui trinh phdng vin chimg tin ghi i m luu Ifi kdt qui phdng van.
- Phuimi; phap loan hpc thdng kd K £ T QUA NGHICN ClJfU VA BAN LUAN 1. v i sd lirprng ngirdi khuyet t i t v i k h i i m th|
Theo so lifu eua Bp lao dpng Thuong binh v i X.i hpi (ket qui dicu ira L'"4 1995 v i 1998).
hicn nav o nude ta eo tren 5.1 trifu nguiri tan tat va tn; md eoi (chii-in 7"o dan sd), trong do nguoi khicm thj chii-m 15.7% (xem bii-u do I).
• TS. Nguy*" Vu »u4nB Vw T i Okie c * i DO. Ban Tuy«n gite Tong uong
"ThS. 6 6 man T ) 4 AK TiuOng Om hoc TOTT Bic N » *
Bieu dd 1. C i c d f n g t i t
Nhu viy, ni-u theo iv If tren, udc tinh sd lupng ngucri mil hifn nay d nude ta cd khoing 4 N : " I I ( I ngucri bj mil 2 mat vii 891000 nguiri mil
I mit,
2, Thyc tr^ng t r i em khiim thj 6-9 tudi hpc t i p t^i mdt sd trung t i m , tnrdng, c i u If c bd nudi dfy & m^t sd tinh thinh m i i n B i c
Qua bing 1 cho thay: Tiing sii tre em khicm thj tir 6 ddn 9 tudi tfi mpt sd trung tam, trudng, cau lae bp nudi dav a mpt sd tinh thinh mien Bic l i 93 em, tv li- nam v i nir khong cd sp chenh Ifch rii cy the nam cd 42 em v a nii cd 51 em,
3. Thyc tr^ng d i i u k i i n sdng, hpc t i p v i l i m v i i c ciia tre em k h i i m thj 6-9 tudi t i p trung t f i mdt sd trung t i m , trirdmg, c i u I9C bd nudi d^y d mpt sd tinh t h i n h m i i n B i c
15
BAI BAO KHOA HQC
Bang 1 Thdng k* sd t u i i hpc sinh khiim thi 6-9 tudi tfi mdt sd trung t i m , tnrdng.
c i u 19c bd nudi d w d mdt sd tinh t h i n h m i i n B i c (n=93) Tudi
6 tucSi 7 tuiSi
8 tuoi 9 tudi Tong eiing
Nam -' s
I.S
l(s '-
NGr 4 1^
s
20 51
T y l e - o 7.5 17.2 .16.6 38.7 100
Tiing cpng
16
.14
36 93 Bing 2. Kit q u i phdng v i n tre em khiim thj v i mong mudn trong cudc sdng (
"
1
Myc dich hoi
Mong ude Idn nhit xdp iheo
thir ty quan trpng
Noi dung hoi Co thi- dl la; de daim
Co ^ue khoe toi
Co V li-e lam. co the lam v if c hif u qua Cd eupc sdng on djnh
Ehipc nhin the gidi ben ngoai
Diroe hcia nh.ip eong dong Cii nhii-u ban be.
Y kii-n khac
Diem 410 2.U 322 281 460 363 184
ns46) Xep hfng
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5 4 6 1 3 7 Bing 3. Kit q u i phdng v i n tre em khiim th| v i mirc dd v i nguyin n h i n khiim thj (n>46)
T T 1
1
Myc dich hoi Dfng khicm thj
Nguv i-n nhan
Npi dung hoi Khong nhin ih.iv gi Nhin qua ki-m Nhin kem 1X1 b.im sinh Do bvnh tat Do tai nfn
— £ , • 7 . " • ; " —
So nginn 24 15 7 38
4 4
Tji l¥ % 52.2 32.(1 15.2 82, (1
S.7 8.7 Phiin tieh ket qui phong vin dupe irinh biy
trdn bing 2 va 1 chiing tin eo nhan \ci \1.iig uoe lim nhit din vdi hiu hdt hpc smh khiem ihi dd l i dupe nhin th.iv cupc song ben ngoai dd lir do dupe hoa nh.ip cimg dimg Mong muon co sue khde lot. di Ifi de ding va iim kidm cho minh mot cdng vii-c di- ed thd nuoi sdng dupe chinh b.m than minh. Qua trao ddi trye tidp ehiing tdi thav ngucri khidm thj. die biet l i tre em khidm thj khao kbit dupe hoat dimg vfn dpng. tfp luvi-n thd dye thd thao ( T D I T ) dd nang eao sirc khde. dupe nhin thiv hinh inh eiia nhihig ngucn ma minh v i-u thucmg.
Nguven nhin chii viu m i eae cm bj khiem thj do him sinh. di truv in v di 38 46 phidu chidm
>i2,fi"D, Cit: lv do eon Ifi chiem ty If nhd nhu do bfnh lai chiem 8 , ~ „ . do tai nfn chidm 8,''"o, Trong s6 hpc smh khicm thj dupe bdi cd 52,2"o eac cm khdng nhin thiy gi. 32,6 % eac em nhin qui kcm v i 15.2 "o cae cm nhin kcm.
I Khbmtn
B i i u dd 2. Khd k h i n trong cudc sdng (n=46)
Qua bieu do 2 cho thiy van di- m i cic em cho la khd khin nhat trong cupc song l i vifc di chuydn di lai chicm 100% vdi 46 46 phieu. \ icH.
hpc tfp va vui choi T D T T cung l i nhung iro ngfi doi vin hpc sinh khidm thj vin lin lupt li 89,1 % V a 84,8%. Chinh v i it dupe v an diing, vui choi T D T T nen cd ddn 7 6 . 1 % cie em thay sirc khde ciia minh yeu.
MTMIIMUfflilinM -sovziia
Bang 4. K i t q u i d i i u tra th^rc trfng, nhu c i u t i p luyin TDTT ciia t r i em khiim thj (n=46)
IT 1
2
3
Muc dich boi Tap luvi-n TDTT thudng
xuyen
Nhirng khd khin trong tap luyfn TDTT
Thich mpt ehuimg trinh ridng bift vd Giio dye thd
chat ridng khdng
Npi dung hdi Thucmg \uven
Thinh thoang IChdng tap Mft mdi
Npi dung tfp khdng gay hung thu Bai tap qua khd. qua siic
Noi dung bai tap khdng phii hpp vdi ngucri khidm thj
Khong cd thdi gian Rat thich
Thich
Khdng cin thidt
So ngiriii ->
19 25 25 39 30 38 0 30
15 1
T> If "o 4.3 41.3 54.4 54.3 84.8 65.2 82.6 0 65.2 32.6
1 1
Kdt qua trinh biy tfi bing 4 cho thay: Do thicu cic thong tin thj giic nen vii-c tap luvi-n the dye the thao ddi vdi eac em rat khd khin.
Chi cd 4 3 % cie em thucmg xuycn tfp luydn, cdn 54.4" „ sd eac em dupe hdi, t r i Idi khdng tf p va 4l.3°o con Ifi t r i Icri thinh thoang mai tip.
lir ket q u i trdn cho thiiv do kho khin vi khdng CO hinh anh vi- moi truimg xung quanh minh va chua hidu dui^c y nghia ciia tip luyfn thd thao ndn hau hel tre em khiem thj khdng tfp luvfn the dye thi- thao. Khi dui^c hdi ve y nghTa ciia vifc tfp luvi-n TDTT, hon mpt nira sd em dupe hdi (58.7"o) ua Idi tfp luvi-n IDTT dd cd thc limquen va ket thin vdi nhii-u bfn be. Nhu vav eii thd thay tre cm khiem thj rat mong muiin dupe giao tidp, mudn eo bfn di- chia se tinh cam.
\ i - nguv i-n nhan ein trd v ii-c tf p luyfn TDTT ciia h<,K- sinh khiem thj:
- Npi dung bai tfp khdng gav himg thii chicm (84,8%),
- Npi dung bai tfp khdng phu hpp v m eic em (82,6«,.).
- Khi hdi V i- V nghia va miiv dp can thiet ciia cae ning lye v fn dpng ddi v en hoft dpng sdng cua cae em khiem thj, ck) cae em eim nhd chimg tdi d i giai thich cy thd cic ciu hdi di- cic em hidu.
Ket qua thu dupe nhu sau I(X)°i cae cm cho ring, ning lyc nh|n biet chinh xac phucmg hudng ciia ehuyen dpng v i ning lpe nghe, hinh dung cdng V li-c v i xic dinh phuong hudng l i quan trpng nhat. T i ^ theo l i ning lyc nhanh nlifn i 'J3.5°o),
nang lyc giii thing bing trong di ehuyen {87''o).
kinh nghifm udc lupng vi- thiri gian lam vice (54.3"o), ning lpe doan bidt tdc do ehuvi-n dpng (2l,7"b).
/ / ^ <^y ^"^
Biiu dd 3. Ning lyc v^n ddng t r i em khiim th|
Ket qua trdn cho thav do it tfp luyfn v i chua dupe giio dye mpt cich cd chii dich ndn cae cm chua hidu hdt vi- tam quan trpng eua kinh nghifm udc lui^ng v e thcri gian v i ning lyc doin biet tdc dii chuyen dpng. Nhu vfy can nghien cim va phit tnen hai nang lyc ndi tren.
Cic hoft dimg ngoai khda ciia ire em khicm thi l i hoat dimg giup cic em thu gian sau nhumg giir hpc cing thing trdn Idp va giiip cic em djnh hudng nghd nghifp. phit huy nhimg the mfnh Uong hoft dpng simg va lao dpng sau niy. Qua phdng V i n ciing nhu quan sat thue te cupc song ciia cic em chimg loi nhan thay cd 78,3% cic cm thucmg di dfo xung quanh khuon vii-n ciia uucmg. 26% hpc nhfc va nghf thuft, 26 % chcri the thao, 17,4"o xoa bdp bim huy ft, l9.6''o khdng l i m gi.
17
l A l BAG KHOA HOC
Bing 5 K i t q u i khio s i t v i cich thi>c x i c djnh phiromg hirdng cua t r i em khiim thj (n=46)
11
1
1
3
Myc dich hoi
Hoat dpng ngoai thdi gian hcpc tfp
C i c h xac djnh phucmg hudng dl I f i . l i m vifc
Cii thieh eac b i i tap giiip cae cm de dang hof t dpng
Vfn ddng '
Npi d u n g c i u hdi Hex- nhae, nghf thuft Xoa bdp bam huyi-t
H o f t dpng lao dpng thii cdng Chcri thd thao
Di d f o
Khdng l i m v lie gi
>• kien khic
Nghe ngucri khac hirdng dan T y suv nghT. hinh dung Theo thdi quen Sir dyng cdng cy hii trp
Theo c i m g i i c trye tidp nhu ticp xiie.
c h f m lav
Cd ngudi g i i i p d d Y kicn khac Cd
Khdng
So ngudi 12
8 6 12 36 9 3 30 34 46 18 46 46 0 46
0
y>H%
26 P.4 13 26 78.3 19.6 6 5 65.2 73.9 100 34.1 100 100 0 100
0 Caeh xac dinh phucmg hudng di I f i , lam v iec
cua tre em khicm thj rat da dfng. Cic em thudng su dyng cim giac trye ni-p nhu tidp xiic, chfm lav Ngo.ii ra vifc ty suy nghT, hinh dung ra phucmg hudng hay su dyng eae cdng cy hd Up nhu gav dan ducmg ciing la nhimg phucmg tifn giup eic em dc ding \ac djnh phuong hudng ciia cae em.
Lit c,^ eae em deu khiing djnh (100"/o) rit thich CO eic bai tap ehuyen bift phii hpp dd giup cic cm dc ding hoat dpng vfn dimg v i cho ring can t.ip luvi-n thudng xuydn dd co thd de dang xic dmh phuimg hirdng.
Tre em khicm thj chua thich tap luyfn thd dye thd thao vi cie em chua hidu ro tim quan upng v i V nghTa cua v lie tfp luyfn TDTT. eic bii lap irong chuong irinh giao dye thd chit ehua phii h<?p vdi ire em khidm thj, v i \ av ehua tfo eho cic cm hiing thu hpe tfp, tham ehi lim cic cm chin nin.
Tre em khiem thj mudn ty Ifp, mudn ty di Ifi nhung rat kh6 khan, nhat la d nhiing khong gian mcii, nhiing noi chua cd cdng cy hd trp chuydn bi#
eho nguiri khuyet tft nhu di xc buyt, di sidu thj...
\'i vay, cic em mong mudn cd dupe nhirng bai Ifp, nhirng tro choi, dyng cy cd tic dyng ho trp, nang cao ning lyc eac giac quan v i phii hpp vdi moi trudng, dii-u kifn song oia tie em khicm thj.
Mong udc Idn nhat do! vdi hau het hpc sinb khidm thj do l i dupe hda nhap cpng dong, c6 sirc khde tot, di Ifi de dang va tim kicm cho minh mpt eong vifc dc cd the nudi song dupe chinh bin than minh. Nhung diu vin cic cm.
didu do l i rat kho. Do vay chim sdc, giio dye ue em khicm thj, die bift la ning cao sue khoe.
thd lyc va boi dudng, phit uidn nang lyc vjn dpng doi hdi phii cd su tham gia ciia loan dan.
loan xa hin, trong dd nganh Giio dye va Dao lao, Nganh V i n hiia. Thd ihao v i Du Ijch vi nginh > td giir vai im ndng ein
MTMHWRLRBIliTMl -sAvZOn
Tre khiem thj choi bdng d i t f i N g i y hdi T h i thao cho t r i khiim thj do Ofi sir q u i n Anh t f i H i Ndi , ^ v i tnrdng Nguyin Dinh C h i i u td
chirc
(Anh ngu6n: http tbethaovanhoa vn^
T r i khiim th| sdi ndi trin dudmg chfy
(Anh; http "thelhaovanhoa.vn)
K^T LUAN
• Sii lupng ngudi khicm thj d \ict Nam chiem tv If khi cao, khoing 482 700 ngucri bj mil hai mit v a 891.000 ngucri mil mpt mit, phin Idn hp sdng eiing gia dinh.
Ire em khiem thj mong mucin dupe dupe hda nhfp cpng ddng, eo sire khcie tdt, di Ifi di- diing V il tim kidm eho minh mpt edng v ii-c de cd Ihi- nudi sdng dupe ehinh ban than minh.
Ilii-n nav chua eo mpt chuomg trinh giio dye V i- V fn dimg chuydn bift giup tre em khiem thj ciS the Vfn ddng de d.ing hon trong cupc s6ng, giiip bp hda nhfp ciing dimg. Cie em mong mudn ccS din^c nhiing bii tf p. nhihig trd chcri. dyng ey eo tic dyng hd trp. ning eao ning lyc eae giac quan va phii hpp vdi mdi trudng.
didu kifn simg ciia minh.
|)oi ven tre khi^m thj. phit tridn cic ning lyc v|n d^ig li nhifm vy quan trpng hang dau ciia giao due the chit, trong dd ning lyc xae djnh phucmg hudng khi di chuydn, ning lyc
phan bii-1 V an dpng can dupe quan tam phit Uidn simi ngay tir khi cae em edn nhd.
Can thidt cd mpt chuong tnnh tfp luyfn khoa hpc nhim giup cho hoft dpng sdng, hoft dpng Vfn dpng ciia hpc sinh khidm thj eo hifu qua hon.
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO
Ld Thj Dung (2011). Cdng tdc xd hpi vdi ni;uiri khuyet ldi. N\b Lao dpng-Xa hpi
Truong .\nh Tuin (2008), Phdi irien TDTT Sgudi kliinci ldi. Ifp ehi Tuydn guio, Han Tu\ CI giio Trung uimg.
(Nop t>ii ngiy 11/6/2013, phin bl^n ngiy 15/7/2013, duy^t in ngiy 22/8/2013)