KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
I\1GHIEI\I CUU K Y T H U A T X U LY A X I T HCL TRUI\JG T R A I \ I G G I D [ \ I G T A M LUQIMG H E ivibi CHDIM T A O OS,
E 3 B , A l , B 4 g V A CAP LAI T U IXIGUYEIM G P E 1 8
Nguyin Trung Ki6n\ Nguyin Thi Dam', Trinh KhIe Quang^
T6MTAT
Nghien cuu ky thuat xir ly axit HCl tru-ng trIng cr mot sd gidng tim nguyen luong he va gidng tam lai tir nguyen cho thay tning tSm. sau khi de 22 gio xir ly o thoi gian va ty trpng axit HCl khac nhau thi ty )e no ciia trimg khac nhau, Giong tim E38, B42, D2 va GQ 2218 khi xii ly axit HCl co ty trong 1,075 thi thoi gian xii ly tdt nhat la 5 phut, con voi giong Al thi thoi gian xii ly trong khoang 5,5 - 6 phut, Trimg tim luong he sau khi de co bao quan lanh 5 ngay thi tot nhat can xii ly axit HCl co ty trpng 1,065 va thoi gian 5,5 phiit, Ap dung qui trinh ky thuat xu ly axit HCl nhu tren khong anh huong den sue sdng tim, nhong, nang suat ken, Tu khoa: Gidng tdm ludng he, ty trimg axit, thdi gian xir ly, ndng sudt, sire sdng.
I.DATVANDE
Cac vting trdng dau nuoi tim cua nuoc ta hien nay dang su dyng hai gidng tim da he va luong he.
Gidng tim da he khong co dac tinh hun mien, cho nen sau khi con ngai de trung, tning lai tiep tu nd.
Cdn gidng tim luong he do cd dac tinh hun mien nen thong thudng mdt nam chi nd 2 lan. D l dim bao cho triing nly nd diu, tap trung trung duoc bao quan trong kho lanh cd nhiet do 3-5"C. Nhung do nhu clu thyc t l ciia dan phli nuoi tim nhieu Ifra, vi t h i cac n h l khoa hgc da nghien cun tim ra phuong phap xfr ly axit ddi voi trung luong he frn'oc khi hun mien de cho tning tim phli nd cung cap cho dan, Ngudi ta ggi la phuong phap xii ly tning trIng hay phuong phap cho nd nhan tao (Nhat Ban) va phuong phap xir ly tue thdi (Trung Qudc). Dilu kien chii ylu Inh hudng den phuong phip xii ly trung trIng II thdi gian sau khi de trung, ty trgng vl thdi gian xii ly, dac tinh cua gidng tim (7). Voi tning tim ciia Nhat Ban thi sau khi de tning cin bio quin d nhiet do 25"C trong mot ngly va xu ly axit d ty trgng 1,075, nhiet dd 46"C vl thdi gian 3-5 phiit. Theo Ho yuan-zhong voi gidng tim CO sue d l khang ylu voi axit hoac gidng tim co qui trung nhd nen sii dung ty trgng 1,073 thi an toln hon. Theo tac gil nly, thdi gian xii ly trung trIng vdi gidng Trung Qudc tii 5-5,5 phut. Gidng tam ciia chau Au hoac Nhat Bin thi thdi gian k l o dai hon 1 phut. Q Viet Nam trong cac nam 70-80 cua fhl ky truoc cung da nghien ciin ky thuat xii ly axit tning tim vdi mot sd gidng tam luong he Viet Nam (2, 5, 6). Tuy nhien mdi gidng tam diu cd yeu clu xii ly axit khIc nhau.
Trung tam Nghien cuu Dau tim to Vien Nghien cuu Rau qua
D l giup eho eac co sd san xuat tning gidng su dung CO hieu q u i mot sd gidng tam moi do Trung tam Nghien cun Dau tim to lai tao ra nen de tai da dugc tien hanh.
II. VAT UEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 1. vat lifu nghien ciiu
- CIc gidng t i m luong he ken trIng moi chon tao D2, E38, B42, Al, cap lai tu nguyen GQ2218 co nang suit, chit lugng cao, pham chat to ken tdt co kha nang nuoi dugc trong vy he.
-^ Gidng tim Al la gidng nhap ngi tu' Trung Qudc; gidng tim B42 la gidng tim dugc tao trong nude bing phuong phap thuIn ddng tu' gidng Dong 34 n h | p ndi tft Trung Qudc; gidng tam D2 dugc lai tao ttr gidng tim DSK da he trong nude vl giong A2 luong he nhap noi ttr Trung Qudc,
-I- E38 II gidng tim dugc lai tao fir gidng tim BM da he trong nude vl gidng 0 2 luong he nhap noi tir Trung Qudc; gidng GQ2218 II cap lai Fl ciia 4 gidng t l m A l , E 3 8 , B42, D2.
- Dung dich axit HCl.
2. Dia dilm nghiln cuu
Thi nghiem dugc thyc hien tai Trung tam Nghien cun Dau tim to.
3. Phucmg phip bd tri thi nghiem a. Cong thuc thi nghiim
Xu ly tiling trIng: Sau khi de tiling tii 18 - 22 gid d nhiet do 45"C; ty ti-gng axit khac nhau tii' 1,065-1,075;
Thoi gian xii ly tii 5- 5, 5- 6 phiit; nhiet do 45 - 46 - 47 "C.
m nghiem T. Nghien cun xir ly trung trIng sau de 22 gio, ty ti-gng axit 1,065 d cac thoi gian khIc nhau: Cong thirc 1 : 22 gid -i- 1,065 + 5 phut; cong
46 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 1 - THANG 1/010
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
thu'c 2: 22 gio -t 1,065 -i- 5,5 phut; cong thuc 3: 22 gio + 1,065 + 6 phut.
Thi nghiim 2: Nghien cfm xir ly trung trIng sau de 22 gio, ty trong axit 1,070 d cac thdi gian khac nhau: Cong thu'c 1: 22 gio-h 1,070 + 5 phut; cong thue 2: 22 gio + 1,070 -^ 5,5 phuti cong thue 3; 22 gio + 1,070-h 6 phut,
Thi nghiim 3: Nghien cun xu ly triing trIng sau de 22 gid, ty ti-gng axit 1,075 d cic thoi gian khac nhau: Cong thue 1: 22 gid-H 1,075 -i- 5 phut; cong thue 2: 22 gid + 1,075 + 5,5 phut; eong thu'c 3: 22 gio -^•
1,075 + 6 phiit.
b. Nghien cuu xu ly trung trdng sau de bdo qudn trong kho Iqtih 5 ngdy tien hdnh xic ly bang axit
Thi nghiem 1: Nghien cuu xu ly trung trIng sau dc bio quan trong kho lanh 5 ngay, ty trgng axit 1,065 d cac thoi gian khac nhau: Cong thue 1: 22 gid -h 1,065 -H 5 phut; cong thue 2: 22 gio + 1,065 + 5,5 phut; cong thuc 3: 22 gid + 1,065 + 6 phut.
Thi nghiem 2: Nghien ciiu xii ly triing trIng sau de bao quin trong kho lanh 5 ngay, ty trgng axit 1,070 d cac thoi gian khIc nhau: Cong thiic 1: 22 gid -h 1,070 + 5 phut: cong thu-c 2: 22 gid + 1,070 + 5,5 phut; cong thue 3: 22 gid -i-1,070 + 6 phut.
Thi nghiim 3: Nghien cun xu' ly trung trang sau de bao quan trong kho lanh 5 ngay, t\' trgng axit 1,075 d cic thdi gian khac nhau; Cong thue 1: 22 gio -t- 1,075 -^ 5 phut; cong thiic 2: 22 gia -f 1,075 + 5,5 phut; cong thuc 3: 22 gid -i-1,075 + 6 phut,
c. Thi nghiim nuoi tdm kii'm tra dnh hudng sau khi xu ly bdng axit
Bd tri thi nghiem nuoi tim va dieu tra cic chi tieu CO bin cin thief,
- Nuoi tim: theo doi cac chi tieu ddi sau moi gidng, 3 lan nhIc lai, bang d don nuoi den tudi 4 day an dupe 2 bCra dau thi d i m tim.
- C h i do thue an; sd bffa an, sd lugng dau, chit lugng thiic an, ky thuat nuoi va cac dilu kien khac deu dugc dam bao.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Tni'ng tam luong he sau khi de trai qua cac thoi ky phoi phan chia (thudng 5 ngay d nhiet do 25''C) thi phoi ngung phat due. Xii ly tnmg trIng trudc khi trung vao thoi ky htm mien bing axit HCl,
1. Trung trang sau khi de 22 gid
Kit qui xii' ly axit HCl triing trIng tren 5 gidng tim sau khi de 22 gid, ndng do axit 1,070 - 1,075 - thdi gian 5, 5,5, 6 phut cho kit qua ty le tim nd huu hieu dat >90%,
Bang 1. Kit qua xu ly tning trang sau de 22 gid, xii ly bang HCl ed ty trgng 1,070 thdi gian xu ly 5,5,5,6 phut
TT 1 2 3 4 5
^ M ! ! ^ g thiic
Giong ^ ^ ^ Al
E38 B42 D2 GQ2218 TB
22 g - 1 , 0 7 0 - 5 phiit Tong triing
(qua) 479 488 508 446 534 491
Ty le no' (%) 87,34 90,33 90,34 91,26 85,39 88,93
22 g-1,070 - 5,5 phiit Tong tning
(qua) 479 482 448 510 523 488
Ty le no (%) 90,78 92,07 92,84 93,45 91,39 92,11
22 g - 1 , 0 7 0 - 6 phiit Tong trung
(qua) 465 473 457 440 512 469
Ty le no (%) 91,19 93,25 93,99 94,58 92,27 93,06 Qua sd lieu bing 1 cho thay tning tim sau de
22 gio tiln h i n h xii ly axit, ty trgng axit 1,070 ty le nd ciia cac gidng dao dong tu' 85,39-94,58%. Thdi gian xfr ly khac nhau thi ty le nd ciia cac gidng khIc nhau. O cong fhiie thoi gian xii ly 5 phut, ty le tim
nd xap xi 90%; gidng Al, GQ2218 cd ty le thIp nhat ttr 85,39 - 87,34%. Nhung vol thdi gian trung sau de 22 gid, xii ly axit c6 ty trgng 1,070, thdi gian 6 phut cho ty le nd cao nhlt. Trong dd gidng D2 va E38 co ty le nd cao nhat.
TT 1 2 3 4 5
Bang 2. Kit qua xu ly tning trIng sau de 22
\ Q o n g fhiic Gidng ^ \ Al
E38 B42 D2 GQ2218 TB
22 g - 1 , 0 7 5 - 5 phiit Tong tni'ng
(qua) 482 452 488 473 509 481
Ty le no (%) 93,98 96,24 96,02 97,43 97,44 96,22
gid, ty trgng axit 1,075-1
22 g-1,075 - 5,5 phiit Tdng trung
(qua) 492 467 476 474 524 487
Ty le nfy (%) 95,81 93,99 95,70 94,36 96,18 95,21
101 gian 5,5,5,6 phiit 22 g - 1 , 0 7 5 - 6 phiit Tdng tni'ng
(qua) 476 486 498 495 522 495
Ty le no (%) 95,19 92,32 92.74 92,30 94,25 93,36
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 1 - THANG 1 /2010 47
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Sd lieu bang 2 cho fhly d cong fhiic xfr ly thoi gian 5 phiit thi 4 gidng t i m E38, D2, B42, GQ2218 deu cho ty le nd cao nhat (96-97%), nhung gidng Al c d t y l e t h i p nhlt (93,98%)
Vdi thdi gian 5,5 phut thi gidng Al ed ty le nd cua tning dat cao hon (95,81%) tuong tu nhu d thdi gian 6 phut. CIc gidng tim cdn lai d thoi gian xu ly 5,5 phiit vl 6 phut d i u cd trf sd ty le nd thIp hon so vdi thdi gian xu ly 5 phiit. Nhu vay vdi ty trgng axit 1,075 thi gidng flm E38, B42, D2 vl GQ2218 nen xii ly 5 phut , cdn gidng Al thi xii ly 5.5 phut - 6 phut.
2. Tning trIng sau d l bio quin trong kho lanh 5 ngly
Trong thuc t l sin xult sau khi da thu fnrng nhung do cong viec hoac do nhu clu san xult chua yeu clu nen tning dugc dua vao kho lanh, sau dd mdi xii ly axit.
Xu ly axit tiling trIng sau khi de 20-22 gid, dua tning vio bio quin trong kho lanh 5 ngay, tiln hanh x u l y b I n g a x i t H C l t y trgng 1,075- thoi gian 5,5.5;
6 phut cho k i t q u i ty le flm nd hQn hieu dat >90%.
Kit qua dugc trinh bay bing 3.
Bang 3. Kit qui xu ly tning trIng bio quin trong kho lanh 5 ngly,
TT 1 2 3 4 5
^^-~C^ng thiic
Gidng ^ ^ ^ Al
E38 B42 D2 GQ2218 TB
bang axit HCU.OTO-ti
22 g - 1 , 0 7 0 - 5 phiit Tong trung
(qua) 522 483 518 492 530 509
Ty le no (%) 91,18 93,82 92,68 94,62 93,65 93,19
idi gian 5; 5,5,6 phiit
22 g-1,070-5,5 phiit Tong tning
(qua) 493 476 487 457 521 487
Ty le no (%) 95,33 92,65 94,46 94,72 95,36 94,50
22 g-1,070 Tong triing
(qua) 514 488 512 486 506 501
- 6 phiit Ty le no
(%) 94,50 92,26 93,68 93,65 95,15 93,85 Kit qui xii ly trung trIng sau khi de bio quin
trong kho lanh rdi nit ra xii ly axit qua bing 3 chung toi fhly ty le flm nd cd gilm di so vdi cong thirc xii ly tning trIng sau de 22 gid. Xii ly axit d ty trgng 1,070 voi thdi gian khIc nhau eho ty le nd dat >90%. Ty le flm nd cao nhlt II cong thiie xu ly thdi gian 5,5^ ty le tiling nd dat 92,65- 95,36%. Nhu vay nlu trung sau khi de cd qua bio quin d kho lanh, nhiet do 3-5''C trong thdi gian 5 ngly thi 5 gidng tam diu cho ty le tiling nd cao d thdi gian 5,5''.
3. Kit qui nu6i tam ddi sau
Ddi vdi tiling flm lu5ng he voi ky thuat xu ly triing trIng sau de 22 gid tiln h i n h xu ly axit HCl cd ty trong 1,075, thdi gian 5 phut cho ty le tning nd cao nhlt (96,00 -97,00%), la dilu h i t sue cd y nghia vdi sin xult, tuy nhien dilu quan tam hon II nuoi flm nhu fhl nao, sftc sdng va nang suit pham chit to ken cd bi Inh hudng bdi phuong phip xu ly tren hay khong? Dl tri Idi cau hdi dd da tiln h i n h nuoi tam vl dilu tra cac chi tieu co b i n cin thilt. Kit q u i dugc trinh bay dbang 4, 5.
a. Anh hudng biin phdp xu ly axit a ty trmg 1,075, thai gian 5 phut den ty li tdm gidm vd thai gian phdt due
STT 1 2 3 4 5
Bang 4 vlti
Giong E38 Al D2 B42 GQ2218
Ty 11 tning nor, ty 16 tam gilm tudi nhd idi gian phlt due ciia cic gidng
Tong trung (qua)
452 492 473 488 551
Tyle no (%)
96,24 95,58 97,43 96,02 97,44
Ty le tam giam (%)
7,13 15,30
6,33 10,32
6,30
Thoi gian phat due
22 25 23 24 23 Kit q u i d b i n g 4 cho fhly:
Ty le triing nd eiia cac gidng rlt cao vl hlu nhu khong ed su sai khIc giira cac gidng (95,58%- 97,44%).
Ty le nd ciia tning II chi tieu cd hen quan den siic sdng vl nang suit ciia liia flm. Thdi gian phlt dye cua elc gidng tii 22 - 24 ngly. Ty le tam gilm d thdi ky flm tudi nhd ciia elc gidng flm thi nghiem dao ddng tii 7,13-15,30%. Q day eac gidng Al va B42 cd ty le tim gilm cao hon so voi 3 gidng cdn lai.
b. Anh hudng bien phdp xu ly axit a ty trong 1,075, thdi gian 5 phiit den yeu td cau thdnh ndng sudt vd ndng sudt ken
Bang 5. Nang suit, siic song tam nhgng cua cle giong STT
1 2 3 4 5
Giong E38 Al D2 B42 GQ2218
Nang suat (g) 395 379 370 356 430
Ty le ken tdt (%)
92,02 92,32 95,09 91,96 96,32
Siic song tim (%) 88,91 1 86,89 88,29 89,06 92,25
Sue song nhong (%)
94,30 91,40 94,21 92,53 96,07
48 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON-SO 1 -THANG 1/2010
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Sd lieu d bing 5 cho thay, ty le flm k i t kin ciia cac gidng d i u dat d miic cao. Ty le nay dao ddng tii 91,96-96,32%. Vi fhl nen nang suit thu duge eiia 400 con flm tudi 4 dat tii 356-430 gr. Trong dd gidng GQ218 CO ty le k i t k i n vl nang suit cao nhat.
Nguyen nhan la do gidng nay la gidng tii nguyen lai 4 gidng tam a tren. Vi fhl nd fhl hien uu fhl lai Fl.
Sue sdng nhdng II chi tieu quylt dinh din he sd nhan gidng khi tiln hanh sin xuat tning; d c l 5 gidng flm nguyen diu dat tri sd tren 90%.
IV. KET LUAN VADE NGHI 1. Kit luan
Dua tren co sd k i t q u i thu dugc eua elc thi nghiem ky thuat xii ly b i n g axit HCl triing trIng d mot sd gidng flm mdi lai tao, xin nit ra k i t luan sau:
- Triing flm sau khi de 22 gid cua gidng Al, E38, D2, B42 va GQ2218 d l xii ly ti-iing ti-lng thi ty ti-gng axit 1,075 cd ty le tning nd eao hon ty trgng 1,070.
- Ty ti-gng axit 1,075 vdi gidng flm E38, B42, D2 vl GQ2218 xii ly thdi gian 5 phiit cd ty le tiling nd cao hon 5,5 vl 6 phiit. Nhtmg vdi gidng flm Al thi thdi gian xii ly 5,5-6 phut cd ty le cao nhlt.
- Tning flm sau khi de dem bio quin d kho lanh cd nhiet dd 3-5"C thdi gian 5 ngly v l xu ly axit d ty trong 1,075 vl thdi gian 5,5 phtit cho ty le nd cao hon 5 vl 6 phiit. Tuy nhien ty le nd cua tning nly ciing thIp hon so vdi triing khong ham lanh vdi ty trgng axit 1,075.
- Kit qui kilm tra nuoi tim khi xu ly tning trlng d ty trgng axit 1,075, thdi gian 5 vl 5,5 phut cho fhly sue sdng flm, nhdng vl nang suit ken khong bf Inh hudng.
2. D l nghi
- Tning flm sau khi de 22 gid vdi gidng E38, Al, B42, D2 vl GQ2218 eIn xu ly axit HCl cd ty ti-gng 1,075 vl thdi gian II 5 phut. Rieng gidng flm Al thi keo dli hon 5,5-6 phut.
- Tning tam sau khi de dem ham lanh 5 ngly thi cin xii ly axit d ty trgng 1,065 vl thdi gian 5,5 phut.
TAI UEU THAIVl KHAO
1. Bui Hdng Duong, 2001. Nghien eiiu giai doan phat dye phoi thai trlng flm dau d l ung dung bio quin udp lanh p h i va trang thli huu mien nang eao ty le nd triing flm luong he - Luan van Thac si Khoa hgc Nong nghiep.
2. Le Thi Kim va TrIn Kim Oanh, 1983. Kit q u i nghien ciiu udp lanh, xii ly tning flm 7042 va A14.
T i m to, trang 55-57.
3. Nguyin The Hung, 1994. Giai phiu sinh ly tim.
Nha Xult b i n thinh Phd Hd Chi Minh (ti-ang 57-59).
4. Nguyin Van Long, 1995. Gidng vl sin xult triing gidng flm dau. N h l Xult bin nong nghiep.
5. HI Van Phue, Nguyin Thi Dim, 1997. Nghien cun Inh hudng cua viec ham lanh tning tim da he din k i t q u i liia flm. Tap chi Nong nghiep va Cong nghiep thyc pham, sd 3/1997.
6. Nguyin Huu Vugng, 1974. Xlc dinh Inh hudng ciia viec xii ly axit qua cac thdi ky ham lanh khac nhau ciia cle loai triing hang, den d cac gidng flm luong he Viet Nam. Tap chi Dau flm - Cyc Dau flm, sd 7 -1974 (trang 25-28).
7. Ho yuan - zhong, 1987. Common acid- treatment % mulberry silkworm eggs. Beifing Agricultural publiseher. China Agricultural Encydofredia 68-69.
STUDY ON ACID - TREATED TECHONOLOGY OF BR^OLTTNE WHTTE - EGG SILKWORM WHICH NEWLY CREATED E38, B42, D2, Al AND HYBRICD DOUBLE - CROSS GQ2218
Nguyen Trung Kien, Nguyen Thi Dam, Trinh Khac Quang Summary
The results of studying white - egg acid treated technology on some pure bivoltine silkworm and hybrid double - cross races show that the hatching rate of egg silkworm were treated at different time and acid density after laying 22 hours, are not same. The best time for E38, B42, D2 and GQ2218 silkworm races were tackled acid with density 1.075 is 5 minutes and Al one is from 5.5 to 6 minutes. Bivoltine egg silkworm were kept in cold condition 5 days after laying, the best time fot treatment is 5.5 minutes with acid density 1.065. There will be no influence to vitaly of silkworm - pupa; cocoon productivity if above acid - treated technology is applied.
Keywords: Bivoltine silkworm race, acid density, treated time, productivity, vitality.
Ngudi phln bi6n: PGS.TS. H I V§n Phiic
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - SO 1 - THANG 1/2010 49