N G H I E N C i r u DIEU C H E VAT L I E U G I A Y T i r R O M VA GLAY TAI C H E T H A Y T H E T U I N I L O N
TRUONG VtJ THUY TRANG - LE ANH KHANH TRAN THJ DI£M THUY • LE DINH CUONG Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm - Dgi hoc Hui T6m tat: Rora va giay tai che la hai nguon nguyen lieu d6i dao, dap ung thay the g6 la nguSn nguyen lieu cbii y^u tir tmoc dSn nay. Viec xii Iy rom va giay tai che, thong qua cac cong doan tao ra giay thanh pham dupc trang phii mpt ldp dextrin lam giam do nhay cam vdi nude la mot loai v^it iieu re tien, dap iing nhu cau vat lieu co kha nang thay the tui nilon dung cac vat nho gpn, dong thai cac vat li|u nay co the tu phan hiiy trong thdi gian ngin hon so vdi tui nilon, khong gay anh hudng den moi tmimg.
I . D A T V A N D E
Nude ta la mpt nude nong nghifp, do do rom la vat lieu rat quen thu6c, vdi thanh ph4n chinh la xenlulozo, nd la mpt trong nhirng iing cii vien sang gia thay the go de san xuat giay. M6t m5t, rom gop phan giam gia thanh san pham vi day la nguyen lieu re tien, mat khac con giup bao vf mdi trudng do han chi dupc tinh trang ddt ram sau khi thu hoach [1]. Vi?c su dung rom 3% san xuSt giiy khdng phai la m^t dd tai mdi me [5].
Ngoai ra, viec tSn dung giay da qua sii dung van con chua hieu qua. Giay da qua sir dung (giay vd hpc sinh,giay bdo...) neu dupc xii li mpt each thich hop thi se trd thanh mpt nguyen liSu t6t cho nhi6u nganh cong nghiep khdc, trong do co cong nghi$p tao giSy. Mat khac, khi trpn theo ti ie thich hpp bpt giay tai che vdi bpt rom thi cbSt lupng giay tao ra se tot hon, co dupc cac dac diem co li tdt hon, dam bao cho viec chuyen d\rag cac vgt dyng hang ngay.
Rom va tinh bpt la nguyen lieu rat quen thupc doi vdi tit ca mpi ngudi. Tir xua, tinh bOt la phSn khong the thiSu trong bua com cua ngudi Viet, tuy nhien doi vdi tinb chat cua no thi khong phai ai cung bieu ro, va cang it ngudi biet den viec sit dung cac phuang phdp khac nhau nhSm lam bien tinh tinh bpt de t^o ra cac san phdm phu hpp vdi cac myc dich su dung, trong do co kha nSng giam dp nhay cam vdi nude [4].
Tren ca sd do, chiing toi tidn hanh dieu che giay tu rom va giay tai che, va dS dat dupc mpt s6 k€t qua nhat dinh.
2. DOI TUONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Do! tirpng nghien ciiu
Rom dupc ldy tai huygn Phu Vang, tinh Thira Thien Hu6 trong khoang thdi gian tir thang 6 d€n thang 8 nam 2012 (thupc vu Ddng Xuan).
Giay d5 qua sit dung (gidy vd, gidy A4).
Tap chi Khoa hoc va Giao due, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Hui ISSN 1859-1612, S6 02(26)/2013: tr. 57-63
TRUONG \ t THUY TRANG va cs.
Tinh bpt sdn dupc bdn tren thi trudng.
Tinh bpt oxi hda dupc mua tai cdng ty Cd phan hda chdt Gia Dinh, tinh Binh Duang.
Dextrin dupc mua tai cua hang thiet bi y le, hda chdt tong hpp Kim Xudn, thanh ph6 Hue.
2.2. Phmmg phap nghien cihi 2.2J.Xfrlirffm
Ram su dung cho de tai dupc lay tir huyen Phii Vang, tinh Thira Thien Hue. Rom dugc cat thanh nhieu doan nhd khoang 5 den 10 cm, sau dd dupc rOra vdi nude de Iam sach bui va cdc chdt ban khac.
Rom dupc xii Iy bang phuang phdp soda. Sau khi dupc Iam sach, de kho, rom duoc cho vao noi, them mpt lupng vira du dung dich NaOH 10%, ndu trong Idioang 2 gid. Rom sau khi nau dupc nia sach vd thii lai bdng gidy pH va giay quy tim de ddm bao bdt ram c6 pH til 7 din 8 [3].
Ram sau khi xu ly dupc ngam trong nude co pha sin vdi gipt CUSO4 trong 2 den 3 ngay, nham lam cho cdc sai xenlulozo tach ra, khi Iam giay, cac soi nay lien kit tdt, Iam giay ben hon.
2.2.2. Xu li'giay hgi
Gidy loai dupc dung trong de tai la cac loai giay vd hpc sinh, giay A4 dd qua sir dung.
Giay dupc cat nho, ngam trong nude cho ra ra trong 2 - 3 ngay, sau do nghiin mjn. Bpt giay sau khi xu ly dupc ngdm trong nude co pha sin vai gipt CUSO4.
2.2.3. Xir ligidy logi
Sau khi da chuan bi dii bpt ram va bpt gidy, trpn hai nguyen lieu ndy theo cdc ty le 100% ram, 90% ram, 80% rom 70% rom, 60% ram, 50% ram, 40% rom, 30% rom, 20% ram vd 10% rom vd ngdm chiing vao trong chdu nude da pha sin mot lupng keo siia vua phai.
Giay thii cong dupc lam theo hai phuong phap: phuong phdp vd va phuang phap ep.
Phinmg phdp \ 6 (phuong phdp be can):
De thuc hien phuong phdp nay, cdn cho nude khoang 1/3 bl can, hoa tan mot luong keo vira dii vao.
Sau khi chudn bi, cho mpt lupng bpt gidy vao khung A3, nhung khung vao bl sao cho bpt gidy chim hoan toan trong nude, diing tay v5 sao cho bpt gidy trdi d^u tren khung, roi ldy ra khung ra khoi bl, dem phoi kho.
NGHIEN CIRJ DIEU CHE VAT LIEU GL\Y TL' ROM VA G L 4 Y TAI CHE..
Phmmg phap ep (pbuong phdp be sau):
De thuc hien phuang phap nay, cdn cho nude vao khodng 2/3 bl, hda tan mpt lupng keo vira dii vao. Sau khi chuan bi, cho mot it bpt giay vao, khudy deu, dimg khung cd A4 vdt bpt giay, doi mpt Iiic cho rao nude, thdo khung, ep td giay Ien mdnh vai. Nlu thiy giay Iam ra hoi mdng thi co the them bpt giay vao, tiep tuc Iam nhu thi cho din khi hit bpt giiy.
Sau khi Iam xong, ta dupc gidy dupc xen ke la cac Idp vdi rPi ep khd.
Lay timg manh vai cd giay tren do, up nguac xudng tdm vdn, dimg cp quet manh Ien gidy, sau dd nhe nhang gd mdnh vai ra.
Phoi kho gidy va ldy gidy ra khdi van g6.
2.2.4. Trdng phu
Chdt trang phii sir dung trong de tai dupc lam tir tinh bpt san. De chuan bj chdt trang phii, ta tien hanh nhu sau: cho khoang 70 din 80 gam tmh bpt san vao bese chiia khoang 250 ml nude cat, Cho vao h6n hpp, dim trong 20 phiit. Sau do dung cp trdng deu hdn hpp thu duac len bl mdt gidy [2].
Tuy nhien, do ihdi gian chdng thdm nude ciia tinh bpt biln tinh nay khong ldn bang tinh bpt oxy hda, do do de tai su dung tinh bpt oxy hda, cung dupe dieu chd tir tinh bpt san, lam chat trang phii. Tinh bpt oxy hda dupc sir dung Id san phdm cua cong ty c6 phdn hda chat Gia Djnh, Binh Duong. De trdng phii, ta cho khoang 70 gam tinh bpt oxy bda vao 250 ml nude cdt, dun each thiiy cho den khi thu duac dung dich trong suot.
Diing chdi quet deu len be mat gidy. phoi khd d dieu kien thudng.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
Bang 1. Thdnh phdn rom SH
1 2 3 4 5 6
Ten chi tieu - don vi Ham luong xenhiiozo
Ham luang tro Ham luong lignin
Ham luong As Ham luong Pb Ham lugng Hg
% %
mg/kg
%
mg/ltg mg/kg
Pbirtrng phap thir TCVN 4329 2007 TCVN 4327.2007 AOAC 949.04(2010) AOAC 986.23(2010) AOAC 999.11(2010) AOAC 971.21(2010)
Ket qua 44.5
6.8 9 8 1.14 0.4 KJiong phat bien
(<0,1) Nguyen lieu dimg lam giay la gd thudng cd ham lupng xenlulozo khoang 40% den 50%, ham lupng lignin khoang 20% den 30%. Dua vao ket qua tren, ta thdy rom dupc lay tai huyen Phii Vang, tinh Thua Thien Hue cd ham luong xenlulozo tuong ddi cao (44,5%), ham luong lignin (9.8%) nen cd the dimg thay the go Idm bpt gidy.
TRLi'OKG Vl THUY TRANG va cs.
Rom CO ham lupng cdc kim loai nang (As, Pb, Hg) kha thdp, mat khac, khi ndu ram, cac kim loai nang nay bi tach khoi xenlulozo, di vao dich den, khdng anh hudng din chat lupng giay.
- Ram va gidy tai chi da qua xii li dupc trpn vdi cdc ti le khac nhau. Sdn phdm sau khi hoan thdnh vdi ti Id bpt rom: bpt giay (theo khoi lupng) la 10:0; 9:1; 8:2; 7:3 cd chat lupng cao hon so vdi cdc mlu khac.
Ram 100%:
Rom 80%:
NGHIEN ctru DIEU CHE V^T LIEU GIAY TLT"ROM VA GIAY TAI CHE...
Rom 70%:
- Tinh bpt oxi hda dupc nau thanh h6, sau do dem trang len gidy dd ep, phoi kho rdi thii vdi nude: sau t6i da 60 phiit gidy bj thim.
- Gidy thdnh pham;
Bang 2, Chi sd ca ly ciia cdc sdn phdm Stt
1 2 3 4
T£D chi tieu - don vi BQ chiu buc
Do ben xe Dp ben khang diit Dp hut nuoc
kP kN/m k-N/m g/m-
Phircng phap tbir TCVN 7631:2007 TCVN 3229:2007 TCVN 1862:2010 TCVN 6726:2007 (CoBB 60)
Mau 100 120,2 3,86 1,12
M S U 9 : 1 132,4 4,36 2,78
Mau 8:2 134,4 5,98 2,75
Mau 7:3 169.2
7,47 3,57 34,9
Dua vao ket qua tren, ta nhdn thdy cdc mau co trpn bdt giay loai co cae tinh chat co ly tot hon so vdi mau giay chi su dung rom, do do da chiing minh dupc vide Iron bpt giay Ioai vdi bpt rom giiip tang tinh chat co ly ciia san pham.
Trong ba man cd trpn thdm bpt giay loai vao bpt rom, ta dd dang nhdn thdy man 7:3 co cac tinh chdt co Iy t6t hem cd, va phii hpp vdi yeu cdu ciia vat lieu dupc dimg de thay thi hii nilon de Iam tiii dung.
Thdi gian chdng flidm nude cua san phdm tdi da khoang 60 phiit, do do san pham cd the dupc sii dung dd dung cdc vdt dung nho gpn hang ngay nhu: qudn ao, thuc pham. Tuy nhien, luu y doi vdi thuc pham am udt thi khong ndn dung trong thdi gian ldn.
Theo kdt qua nghidn ciiu dupc cong bd tai hpi nghi khoa bpc Idn thii 9, ram dupc su dung lam nguydn lieu sdn xudt giay vdi dp buc la 167 kP, dp khang diit la 32 mN, dp khdng xe la 4486 m [3]. Trong khi do, san phdm ciia de tai la su kit hpp giGa bpt rom va bpt gidy tai chd cho tinh chdt co li tdt hon ban. Mat khac, san pham dupc trang phu bdng mpt ldp dextrin cd kha ndng lam gidm dp nhay cam vdi nude, do do cd the thay thi tiii nilon de dung cac vat dung hdng ngay.
CJ nude ta, cu Thanh tai Ha Npi da san xudt dupc giay theo phuang phap thu cong dimg lam gidy vidt [5], Tuy nhidn muc tieu ciia dd tai la san xudt vdt lieu gidy dung lam tiii
T R U O N G V C T H U Y T R A N G va cs
thay the tui nilon, do do cd them va bdt mdt sd cong doan nhdm ndng cao cdc ddc tinh can thiet ciia mpt vat lieu gidy. Trong dd tai, chung tdi sii dung phuong phdp chinh la phuang phap ep, nham tang kha nang lidn ket giua cac spi va tinh thdm ml cua san phdm.
Do do, cai mdi ciia dd tai chinh la su ket hpp giGa cac nguyen Hdu va phuang phap san xudt vat lieu giay.
4. KET LUAN Ket luan
Da che t^o bpt giay di tir ram va gidy tai che, trong do ty le ham lupng rom: giay lo^ii la 7:3 cho san pham co chi so co ly tot nhat: dp chiu buc (169,2 kPa), dp ben khang dut (3,57kN/m), dp ben khang xe(7,47 kN/m), dp chdng thdm nude (34,9 g/m^).
T^n dung duac nguon ram, giay phd thai gdp phdn gidm d nhiem moi trudng va san xuit thanh cong tiii gidy thay thd tiii nilon co cac chi so co ly phu hpp, dd phan hiiy va thdn thien vdi moi trudng.
Sdn phdm lam ra dam bao cac ydu cdu cua thi trudng doi vdi gidy bao bi dung trong sinh boat hang ngay.
d e xuat hirdng san xuat dai trd
Laiiisaeh . '.
Rom > 1^3» l>S"g flisiig _ didiCfuOH);
Cli^t chong lio ]i6a clio , TacKLgniii ^ Ngin-ei. U^n a6l ti'ong
qiiatmihnniiroiti
Thniih ^ D^fcliddiiluet ^ Hg tJtong phlni a.?tliiicmg phm trang phii
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
epdsy cluiyen
[1] Nguyen Duac (2010). Rcrm, rg vd mdi Irudng, ht^://www.baomoi.com/Rom-ra-va- moi-truong/82/4228864.epi, VieUiamnet, 07/05/2010.
[2] Hoang Kim Anh (2006). Hoa hgc thuc phdm, NXB Khoa hpc va KT thuat.
[3] Dang Thi Thanh Binh, H6 Le Thiiy Tien, La Thi Thai Ha. Nguyen Thi Ngpc Bicb, Nguyen Thj Hong Van (2009). Su dung ram Idm nguyen Hiu cho cong nghiip gidy Iheo phucmg phdp hda ca kit hap tdch Lignin, Hoi ngfai Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Idn 9, Ha Noi.
NGHIEN Cim DIEU CHE V.AT L!EU GIAY TL^ROM VA GL^Y TAI CHE...
[4] Wikipedia (2013), Tinh bdt, http://vi.wikipedia.org\vikiTinh b%El%BB%99t, 29/03/2013.
[5] Tuin Nguyen (20U). Cu dng 77 ludi biin ram ihdnh gidy, http://www.tienphong.vn/Thoi-Su/552548 Cu-ong-77-tuoi-bien-rom-thaiih-giay- Ipov-hUnl, Tiln Phong Online 05/10/2011.
Title: STUDY ON PAPER PREPARATION FROM STRAW AND RECYCLED PAPER REPLACING PLASTIC BAGS
Abstract: Straw and recycled paper are both abundant raw materials, there are many properties that can be used m the preparation of the paper, replacing for the wood that is the main raw materials. Tbe handling of sUaw and recycled paper, through the stages of creating the finished paper products are coated with a layer of dextrin properties reducing the sensitivity to water is cheap material, satisfymg the need for plastic bags containing compact objects, and this material has the ability to dissolve in a shorter time than plastic bags, do not affect the environment.
TRUONG VU THUY TRANG - LE ANH KHANH TRAN THI DIEM THUY - LE DINH C U 6 N G
Sinh vien ldp Hoa 4A, Khoa Hoa hpc, Tmong Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hoc Hue DT: 01225.518240. Email: [email protected]
