mUCftvrG DAI H O C DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 28 (10-2017)
THU HUT D A U T U ' TRlTC TIEP NU'OC NGOAI (FDI) VAO THI TRircWVG BAT DONG SAN VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 2010 - 2016
VA NHU'NG VAN DE DAT RA Tom tat
• Nguyln Hu-u Dung"
Kit qud cua bdi viet chi ra duac thue trgng thu hiit FDI vdo thi trudng bdt dong sdn Viet Nam giai dogn 2010 - 2016 theo not dung quy md, ddi tde vd virng miin; qua do cho thdy mat tieh cue cua FDI ddi vdi CO sd hg tdng kinh te - xd hdi, viic ldm cho nguai lao dong. tdng thu ngdn sdch nhd nuac; tuy nhien v&n con tdn tgi mot s6 hgn chi nhu thu hut FDI vdo linh vuc bdt dong sdn mdt cdn dSi viing mdn, phdn khuc thi truong; trin eos&dd bdi viit de xudt gidi phdp khic phue nhu co quy hogch tSng thi ve eung vd cau cua thi trudng bdt dong sdn ddm bdo trdnh ddu ca vd bong bong bdt dong sdn; ed ehinh sdch lua chon nhd ddu tu theo vdn vd edng nghi theo hu&ng thdn thien v&i moi tru&ng. Cdc gidi phdp ndy ddm bdo su phdt trien ben vOng Idu ddi eho thi tru&ng bdt dong sdn Viit Nam.
Tie khoa: FDI, bdt dong sdn, thi trudng bdt dong sdn, nhd ddu tu
1. Dat van d l 2. Thye trang thu hut FDI vao thi tnrdtig NguIn von dau tu true tilp nude ngodi (FDI) EDS Vi^t Nam giai dogn 2010 - 2016 tgp trung ldn vao cdc linh vvrc cdng nghiep vd xdy
dung d giai dogn ddu phat triln kinh t l - xa hpi cia cac nude dang phdt triln. Khi nin kmh t l dgt din ngudng phdt triln nhat dinh thi ddng vin FDI lai CO xu hudng chuyin sang cdc ITnh vuc dich \'u, b^t dgng sdn (BDS), dap ing nhu cau ngdy cang tdng cia ngudi ddn do thu nhdp tang, m i c song dupc cai thi?n, trong dd phdi ndi den nhu clu nha 6, du lich, nghi duong, vui choi gidi tri Day Id tin tmong day tiem nang ma ddng FDI muon vdo de khai tilde Dac bidt, giai dogn 2007 - 2009 FDI vdo BDS chilm 30% tong von FDI cua cd nude, rieng nam 2010 FDI vao BDS chilm 34% cua ting FDI ca nude. Sau dd FD! vao BDS gidm dan ty trpng nhung ve t h i tu van d vi tri cao so vdi cdc ngdnh khac, cu thi nam 2016 vdn ding t h i 2 trong thu
2. L Quy mo thu hut FDI vao All tnrdiig BDS Bang 1 cho thay nam 2010 vin FDI vao thi trudng BDS dgt 6.818,36 ttieu USD - cao nhat ttong cd giai dogn t i 2010 - 2016 (cao gkp 7 lan so vdi nam 2011, gap 3 lan so voi nam 2015). Sang nam 2011, FDI vdo BDS tiidp ky luc, giam 30% so vdi nam 2011, chi dat 948,5 ttieu USD, tiiap nhat frong giai doan 2010 - 2016. Gidi thich cho su sut gidm ndy tiieo CBRE ViStNam (CB Richard Ellis Group - Tap doan bdt dpng san da qudc gia cua My), ngi^en nhdn FDI gidm manh do nin kinh t l My vdn cdn chiu dnh hudng cua suy thoai, khu vuc kinh tl chdu Au dang bit In vdi tinh ttang np cdng, cdn khu vuc chdu A lai doi mat vdi nhilu v4n dl thien tai lu lut..
Tu ndm 2012-2016 muc dp tiiu hut FDI vdo BDS on dmh hern, binh quan moi nam dgt khodng 2.000 tn8u USD/nam. Rieng nam 2013, FDI vao BDS chi hut FDI cia cac nganh kinh te, chi sau ngdnh cdng ^^^ i272,39 ttiSu USD, giam 50% so vdi nam 2012 nghiep che biln, chl tao^ Ddng yon FDI vdo BDS ^^^-^ ciingldnamGDPciaViatNamdatmictiiap chiu su tdc ddng cuanhilu yiu to ben ttong va bSn ^^^^ ^ ^ 5 42% (GDP cia cdc nam 2014 vd 2015, ngoai, nhat la sir on dinh vT md kmh tl, chinh tn ^^^ j ^ ^ 1^' 5 ggo/^ ^^ 6,68%), keo tiieo tiii ttirdng tiong va ngodi nude, nen FDI vdo Viet Nam chua gjjg J-QJ vdo ttam ldng, tham chi bi "ddng bang", 6n dinh, biln dpng lien tyc, chua tgo ra mdt khuon ^j.^ ^trih "cue mdu ddng" cia nen kinh tl. Tri nam kho phap ly diy d i dl tiiu hit, tan dyng FDI vdo 2OIO, thi 5 nam cdn lgi diutiiuhit dupc luong FDI linh vuc BDS theo huong bin viing, cd lpi cho dat y^g g g g thdp hon muc buih quan cua cd giai doan nude T i thye te dd bdi vilt muon nghien ciu tinh 1^ 2.767,845 trieu USD, mic binh qudn cao nay Id hinh tiiu hit FDI vdo thi trudng BDS, t i do dl xudt do nam 2010 muc dd tiiu hit vuot len qud nhilu so cac kiln nghi ddm bdo tinh ben viing Idu dai. vdi cac nam sau N I U xet ngupc vl tu nam 2006
• din 2015, till nam 2010 cung la nam cao tiii 2, sau
" TniOTg Dgi hgc Tai chinh - Quan m kinh doanh, huy6n n a m 2008 (dat 16.903,2 trieu U S D ) v l lupng tiiu h i t van LSm, tinh Himg Yen. FDI vdo B D S . D I U n a m 2016, FDI vdo BDS gidm
97
TRUCJNG DAI HOG DONG THAP T a p chi Khoa hoc so 28 (10-2 nhiet hon, khong cdn sdi dpng so vdi 2014 - 2015.
Nguyen nhdn Id luong von FDI vao ITnh v\rc BDS chiylu la cdc dy dn hudng den nhu cau thdt cia tin trudng nhu du an nha d, can hp Trong nam 2016, quy I cd 11 du dn vdi ting v6n ddng ky 239 trieu USD, sang quy 2 con so nay tang len 25 du dn vdi ting von 604,8 trieu USD (tang gap 2 lan) Den thdng 7, s l du an tilp tuc tang len 30, tong von dang ky dat 956,7 trieu USD. Thang 8 sd du an tdng len 34, ting von dgt 836,2 tri?u USD vd din cuoi ndm dat mic hon 1,68 ty USD.
Bdng 1. Quy m6 FDI dang ky vao thi truimg BDS Viet Nam giai doan 2010 - 2016
Dan Vl tinh. Tneu USD Nam
2010 2011 2012
Gia tri 6.818,36 948,50 2642,05
Nam 2013 2014 2015 2016
Gia tri 1 272,39 2.696,95 2 228,82 1.680,00 Ngudn: CucDdu tirnitcfc
Bang 2. FDI vao th| tnrjyag BDS theo vung mien giai doan 2010 - 2015
Dan Vf Hnh: Trim USD
do khu VUC Tmng Bp co tilm nang ldn vl di bien, nhat Id cac du dn xdy dyng cdc resort, 1 san, du lidi sinh thai dpc theo bd biln Trung B Nha Trang, BaRia-Viing Tau, DaNdng... Kh thuhit FDI vdo BDS ldn thi hai canudc IdNai Noi len la nam 2015 chilm ty trpng 70,89% v:
2011 gidm xuIng 40,61%. Khu vuc Bdc Bd, FE BDS khdng cao binh qudn khodng 300 tneu' ndm. Ndm 2010, FDI vdo BDS dgt duoc d mi(
nhit - 32,67 triSu USD, nam 2014, FDI vdo BD nhat Ien tdi 808,9 trieu USD. Bdc Bp la khu v lich su phdt triln lau ddi hon so vdi cac khu vuc ding thdi cd dilu kidn tu nhi8n kem thudn Ipi s Nam Bd vd Trung Bd. Hon niia, Bac Bp dan i dat it nen khd khan ttong viec triln khai cdc i ldn, phuc vy du Hch, khach sgn, nghi ngoi, nl quan thi du lich sinh thdi (Bdng 2)
2.3. Thu hut FDI vao thi trudng BDS dii tac d^u tir
Bang 3 cho thay lupng von FDI do vdo theo doi tdc dau tu ludn tiiay doi vl vi tri dar Nam 2010, khli AS
Nam B 5 C B Q Ttung B Q TSy Nguydn NamBp Tong cong
2010 32,67 5.671,89 1.113,80
-
6 818,36 2011 178,79 384,49
385,22 948,50
2012 65,11 2.507,36
69,59 2.642,06
2013 408,52 711,25
-
152,63 1.272,40
2014 808,90 1.405,58
482,47 2 696,95
2015 437,54 196,66 14,60 1.580,02 2 228,82 Ngudn: Cue Ddu tir n\
2.2. Thu hiit FDI vao thi tnrdng BDS theo viing mien
Xet theo vung miln thi dilu de nhdn thay nhat lattong giai doan 2010 - 2014, khu vuc Tay Nguydn khdng cd luong FDI do vao linh vuc BDS vi Tdy Nguyen la ving dat mdi phdt tnin, chua thugn loi nhilu vl CO sd ha tang, dan cu thua thdt, nui non nhilu, mic song chua cao nSn chua thu hut cac nha d^u tu ngoai vdo dl khai pha va phdt triln tilm nang
vupt Ien vdi 4.487,37 USD, chiem 66,49°y cd nam, xep t h i ha nam do la chau Mi 1 262,64 ttieu USD, c 18,7%. Ndm 2010 ki cdc nude ASEAN v l on djnh va phdt trill luong FDI vdo Viet va BDS tdng manh. ^ Igi cua nam 2010, nam 2011 nhu dd phan tii truong BDS bdt diu roi vao ttim ldng va ct tdc dpng mgnh mS cia cupc khing hoang tai nam 2008. Tuy nhien, din nam 2012 ASEA>
gift ngdi dau bdng ttong so cdc doi tac dau ti vdo BDS Vigt Nam vdi muc 1 340,13 trieu US nam 2013 ASEAN gidm din. Vdi muc dau t md chia cho ca khoi ASEAN gom 11 nude th qudn moi nude d^u tu vao Vi8t Nam vdn it h dulichnoid^. Mdidlnnam2015,khuvycnaymdi vdi mdt nude rieng le nhu Nhdt Bdn, nii ler bdt diu thu hut dypc 14,6 tripu USD, con s6 ndy chua
bdng 1 % FDI vdo BDS cua cdnudc, Trung Bp Id khu vyc cd lupng FDI vao BDS Idn nhit cd nude. Dde biet nam 2012, Tning Bp chilm 94,9%, nam 2010, giam xuIng cdn 83,17% cia ca nude, binh qudn ddng gdp t^ 1$ tren 50% cua canudc. Nguyen nhdn
2012 vdi muc 1.205,21 trigu USD, chi tiidp h ASEAN 334,92 trieu USD. Tuong t\f nam chdu My do vdo BDS 1.262,64 tti^u USD, tto rieng Hoa Ky ddng gdp 902,58 trieu USD \ nude thupc chdu M^ khdc chi ddng gdp 360,0(
USD. Dilu dang chi y Id ttong nam 2014,' 98
"TRUCMG DAI HOC DONG THAP T g p chl Khoa hpc so 28 (10-2017) Qudc - Hing Kdng vupt Ien dan dau vdi mic dau
tu 1.452,34 trieu USD nhung ttong s l dd Trung QuIc chi dau tu 10 tri#u; cdn lai tiiudc Hong Kdng.
Vi tri ding dau c i ludn phien nhau, din nam 2015, chau Au dau tu 1271,9 tti#u USD Sang ndm 2016, Nhgt Bdn, Han Qudc, va Singapore vsn la nhung nude cd \'6n dang ky ldn nhat vdo BDS vdi con so liin lupt Id 5,62 va 1,92 tj' vd 1,73 ty USD. Theo Nguyen Mgi ddnh gia, sd di tiij tiordng BDS Viet Nam hap din nhd day ty nydc ngodi bdi 2 ngi^Sn nhan Thie nhdt, tang ldp trung luu dang gia tang nhanh chdng (theo HSBC thi Ien tdi 33 trieu ngudi vaonam2020) Ngyyennhdnr/iti-fta/Chinh phi cho phep ngudi nydc ngodi duoc sd huu nha, dilu nay khien mdt so phdn khuc ttd nen hip din, dgc biet la phan khuc nhd d cao cap vdi ty suit sinh lpi t i 7 den 8% (ttong khi tgi nude ho chi-^1 din 2%) [2]
Bang 3. FDI vao BDS theo doi tdc dau tu giai doan 2010 - 2015 Dan VI tinh • Tneu USD
mang lai, t i mpt nude cd thu nhap th%i ttd thdnh mdt nude cd thu nhap tnmg binh thj^. Chdng han, tgi khu vuc phia Bdc cd tong sd 6 du dn quy md ldn thuoc phdn khic biet thir va can hp dang dupc triln khai, chu yeu tap tnmg tai Sapa vd Hg Long, hai khu vyc thu hut ddng ddo khach du lich nhu Mercure Sapa Resort, Resort Thung lung Vang, Lotus Residence, Newlife Project, Halong Marina, FLC Samson. Sau hon vao miln Trung, tong s l du dn nghi dudng da len tdi 42 vdi 16 dy an can hd, t ^ tnmg dpc biln nhu Da Ndng, Nha Trang, Mui Ne. Khu vuc phia Nam, cac du an qi^ md ldn van tiep tuc trien khai nhu Vinpearl Premium Vilaas, Blue Sapphire Resort, Sea Star Suite h ^ Six Senses Con Dao ..[3].
Hai la, tgo co hdi eho nhd ddu tu trong nu&c hoc hoi cdc nhd ddu tu nu&c ngodi va tao viec ldm cho nguai lao ddng dia phuang.
Dgc dilm nii bdt hay uu thi vupt trpi Nam
ASEAN Hong Kong-TQ ChSuAu NMtBte Han Quoc CMu My Tong
2010 4.487,37
34,24 601,59 363,26
-
1.262,64 6.385,84
2011 120,06 117,83 282,89 50,41 305,4 71,71 665,41
2012 1 340,13
43,25 1,43 1.205,21
5,65 32,05 2.627,72
2013 536,43 32,05 25,04 102,13
14,00 482,75 1.192,40
2014 375,19 1 452,34
442,83 169.83 129,72 118,50 2 688,41
2015 504,46
97,70 1.271,90
76.24 104,07 154,90 2.209,27 Nguon: Cue Ddu tw nu&c ngodi 3. Danh gid kit qua thu hut FDI vd nhung
van de con ton t^i 3.L Kit qua thu hut FDI
Mdt Id, gdp phdn hiin dat hoa kit cdu ha tdng, cdi thiin vd ndng cao mue song eua ngu&i ddn.
Thdi gian qua ddng von FDI chay manh vao linh vuc BDS, nhat la nhung ndm cd GDP tang tmdng cao va it chju dnh hudng cua cudc khimg hoang tdi chinh nam 2008 nhu cac nam 2007 vd 2008. Nhung du dn, cdng trinh x ^ dyng khu dd tin, chung cu, khu nghi dudng resort tri gid hang ttam tneu, hdng ti USD, gdp phan hi?n dai hda kit cau ha t^g kmh tl - xd hdi, lam thay doi bd mdt cia nhilu khu vuc, dia phuong, nhat Id d nhung noi chinh phi chua cd dieu kiSn dau tu, phat trien. Ngodi ra, sy tac dflng lan tda cac dy dn, cdng trinh ndy gdp phan cdi thien va nang cao mic sing cia ngudi ddn, ddp ing nhu chl ngdy cdng cao cia ngudi ddn nhd vao thdnh tuu cua qud trinh md cia va doi mdi nin kmh t l
cua nha dau tu nude ngodi vdo kmh doanh BDS Id tinh chuygn nghiSp vd theo chuin muc quoc t l ngay tu khduthiltkl, lya chpn vi tri, huy ddng von, triln khai xdy dyng den khai thdc vd qudn ly mdi dy an BDS Nhd vay, tinh chuyen nghiSp cia cdc nhd dau tu kinh doanh BDS cua Viet Nam ciing se duoc ndng 16n ttong qua trinh canh ttanh vdi cdc nhd ddu tu kinh doanh BDS nude ngoai khong chi ngay tten thi trudng BDS Viet Nam ma cdn ttSn thi trudng BDS khu vuc va qudc t l [12].
Ngoai ra, cdc dy dn BDS t i ddng vdn FDI chi yiu tap trung vdo cdc du an nhu xdy dung khu dd thi, chung cu, khu nghi dudng vdi qi^ md ldn, thdi gian xdy dyng 1-2 nam hogc Idu hon. Trong qua trinh xdy dyng cac chi ddu tu phan ldn s i dung lao dpng dia phuong vdi con so hang ttam ngudi, gdp phan gidi quyet viec lam cho ngudi lao dpng, nang cao thu nhdp, cdi thien mic song. Diln hinh nhu khi x% dung dy dn Keangnam can su dyng 1.200 lao ddng [4]. Thgm chi sau khi du dn hoan thdnh, viec dua vdo s i dung vdn phdi can den lao dpng dia phuang; tit nhiSn so lupng cd gidm hon so vdi thdi gian xay dung ban dau.
TRUCflSIG DAI HOC DONG THAP T a p Chi Khoa hpc 50 28 (10-2 Ba Id, ldm tdngnguSn thu chongdnsdchnhdnu&c.
Cac dy an BDS cd nguIn von t i FDI tap trung vdo xay dyng chung cu, khu dd thi, resort... Cdc chi dau tu s§ phai ldm nghia vy ddng thul tiln s i dung dat, nguon thul t i hoat ddng kinh doanh cua hp nhu nguon thu t i cho thue van phdng lam viec, kinh doanh khach san, du lich..., thul thu nhdp ca nhdn So thu ngdn sdch tu ttln thu6 ddt cua khu vuc diu tu nude ngoai ttong giai doan 2000-2011 dat 4.670 ti dong, ttong dd nam 2011 dat cao nhat vdi 1.047 ti dong, nam 2012-2013 dat trung binh mdi nam khodng 1.000 ti dong. Khodn thu nay gdp phan tich cue vdo van dl thdm hut ngdn sach hien nay [6].
3.2. Nhung v ^ d l con ton tai
Mot Id, mdt edn doi vephdn khuc thi tru&ng.
Thdi gian qua hdng loat du an BDS tap trung vdo phan khuc thi trudng cao cap, hudng tdi nhdm khdch hdng cd thu nhgp cao vdi moi can hd, can biet th\r tri gia hang ti \ d nhilu ti ddng, ndm d cdc vi tri dde dia Nhu clu thuc t l vl cac can hd cao cap chua nhilu nhu thi tnidng cung ckp. Dilu nay cdn dl tgo ra tinh ttang bong bdng BDS cho phdn khuc tin trudng d p cao nay niu cdng tdc qudn ly vd du bdo khdng chinh xdc. Cu thi, tai thdnh pho Hd Chl Mutii (TPHCM), Cdng ty TNHH Li8n doanh Empire City cam kit diu tu 1,2 ti USD dl xay dung khu phic hpp thap quan sdt (Empire City) gom tda nha cao 86 tang, khdch san 5 sao, trung tdm thuong mai ..tai Khu do tin mdi Thi Thiem, qugn 2. Dudn dS dupc khdi cdng vao qui 4/2015 vd hodn thdnh toan bp cdng trinh vdo nam 2022. Tiep den Id Tdp dodn Lotte (Han Quoc) dd chip nhgn ky qyj khoang 2.000 ti dong tien s i dung dat dl dupc giao trudc 6 Id ddt ttong Khu do thi mdi Thu Thiem nham phdt triln du dn khu phic hpp thdng mmh cd vin diu tu den 2,1 ti dd la My tai khu dd thi ndy. Cung tai TP.HCM [4], [1]. Cdn d Ha Ndi phdi kl din khu dd thi Tdy H i Tay, goi la Ha Ndi Starlake. Ddy la khu dd thi cao d p nhdt Vi8t Nam ndm tai khu dd thi Tay H i Tdy Hd Ndi vl phia sdn b ^ Ndi Bdi vdi diy d i chic nang da dang: hanh chinh, khdch san, tdi chinh, gido due, thuong mai vd gidi tri... till hien dang cap, dy an Starlake Id bieu typng cho ky vpng khu do thi ngoi sao ki lu mau ddng cap nhat khu vyc Ddng Nam A. Khu dd thi nay dy kiln cd the chua 24.300 ngudi, dien tich 186,3 ha; tong von dau tu 548 ttieu USD do Deawoo vaNgan hdng KDB Hdn Quoc ldm chu dau tu [10].
Ngupc lai, phdn khic nha d xa hpi cho r thu nhgp thap lai rat cao, cung khdng d i cai la nhiing can hp 2-3 phdng ngi vdi gid bdn vi tiln (tten dudi 1 ti ding/can) ddp ing nhu ca ngudi cd Ihu nhdp trung binh vd thap. Dieu nj ly Id di phan khuc nf^ dang thilu nhung lai ( it doanh nghiep dau tu S6 d^ an nhd d binh nhd d xa hpi duoc khdi cdng xdy dung khien ttong khi cdc du dn cao d p ram rd duoc khdi [11]. Tuong tu theo tinh toan nhu cdu ve nha hdi tai dd tiu va cac khu cdng nghiep tu 201:
nam 2020 vao khodng hon 1 tn|u can h$. T ^ chi yiu tgi cdc do thi ldn nhu Ha Npi, TP.HC cac dia phuong cd nhilu khu cdng nghiep nhu:
Duong, Ding Nai, Ba Ria - Viing Tdu, Hung VTnh Phic, Bdc Ninh. . Phdn ldn cdng nhdn thue nha d ttong khu dan cu, ddi song rat khd' tgm bo... Nhung hi$n nay cd rat it doartii nghie tu nhd d cho cdng nhan thue. Ddy ciing chinh li tdi cdn ttan ttd, theo danh gia cia dng Trinh Dung (nguyen Bd trudng Xdy dyng) [8].
Hai Id, mdt edn doi ddi tdc ddu tu.
Thdi gian qua cho thay nhdm cac nude cl dau tu nhilu hon nhu Nhdt Ban, Hdn Quoc,'.
Qudc va ASEAN do cd sy tuong ddng vl var phong tyc tap qudn. Tuy nhien neu tinh gdp c Loan, Hing Kdng va Trung Quoc (gpi chu Tnmg Quoc) Idm mpt thi ly ttpng cia Trung cd xu hudng tang. Xet vl idu dai, chilu hudn cd thi bdt loi cho lao ddng dja phuang vi cd thau Trung Quoc cd xu hudng dua lao dpng bi sang Viet Nam lam viec ttong rat nhieu du i dien hinh nhu Cong ty TNHH Sichuan Huash Nam s i dyng 300 lao ddng tu cdng ty me tgi tii Xi^'en, Tnmg QuIc sang lam viec tai Da Nir xdy dung khdch san JW Marriot d Dd Ndng [' kien ndy da khiln du luan xdn xao tten cdc pi tien t n ^ l n thdng. Thilt nghi nen khiQ'ln khic nhd dau tu chdu Au, Nhgt Ban, Han QuIc va tu. Nhdm nude phdt trien ndy via cd ky nang ly hien dai, cdng nghe tiSn tiln va d xa vi tri ( ddn s l it n^n ho khdng cd chi truong mang:
ban dia di cung dl lam du an d nude ngoai.
Ba Id, mdt cdn ddi viing miin.
T i nhung phdn tich bdng 2 cd till tiily mat can doi ving mien cua FDI vdo thi trudng Khdng chi neng lirtii virc BDS md hien tuon dupc coi nhu la mdt han chl chung cia ddng vo 100
iTRUCft^G DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc s d 28 (10-2017) tai Viet Nam Dgc biSt BDS Id mpt ITnh v^c dac tiii,
thudng tap ttung tai noi cd dilu kien mic song dan cir tu trung binh ttd len, dilu kien vat chdt co sd ha t^g phdt triln nhu khu vuc dong bdng, ven biln, tgi ck thanh pho ldn (HdNpi, TP.HCM). He qua cia nd chinh la sy phdt triln khdng dong diu gifia cac khu vuc vl mic song, trinh dd phdt trien, su phan hda giaungheo, .khu vuc Tdy Ngi^en Id mdt diln hinh cho tinh ttgng ndy. Khdng chi mat cdn doi giiia cdc Idiu vuc mdngay cd giua cac dia phuong ttong cung mot khu vuc ciing xay ra tinh frgng tuong ty. Vi du nhu khu vuc Nam Bp lien tyc tu nam 2010 - 2015, FDI vdo BDS ciia khu vyc ndy chi tap tnmg dau tu tgi TP.HCM - chilm din 90%, hodc khu vuc Bdc Bp thi Ha Npi cung la noi tdp trung chi yeu FDI vdo BDS cua cd khu vyc.
4. Giai phdp thu hut FDI vao th} tnrong BDS Vi|t Nam on d|nh vd ben vuitg
Mot Id, cdn tgo ra ca ehi, chink sdch di thu hut ddng FDI vdo phdn khiic BDS ddnh cho ngu&i c6 thu nhdp thdp nhu cdc du dn nhd & xd hdi.
Day Id tin trudng cd nhu d u ldn len tdi hdng trieu can hd ttong khi ngan sach nhd nude cd hgn.
Co chl, chinh sach dua ra d n gidm thul s i dung dat, thul thu nhgp va nhilu uu dai khac dl thu hit nha dau tu ngoai tham gia vao phan khic thi trudng niy. Hien n ^ , cdc nha dau tu ngoai qua chu ttong den cac khu do thi, chung cu cao d p , resort; thgm chi din den cung vupt cdu. Dilu ndy via lang phi tien cia vd dat dai cia cd hai ben gim nhd dau tu va nude sd tai do gidm nguon thu thul t i boat ddng cua khu dd thi, chung cu chua s i dyng hit cdng suat thilt kl. Theo Hiep hdi bat dpng sdn TP.HCM (HoREA) dua ra dy bdo nguon cung ttSn tiii ttirdng BDS TP HCM t i nia cuoi ndm 2015 va ttong ndm 2016 s6 tang manh, ddn nhgn them khoang 60.000 can hp mdi cua 90 du an hi?n cd vd cdc dy an du kien se tnin khai, ttong dd cd rat nhieu du an cao cdp [11].
Hai Id, edn quy hogch tdng thi di du bdo trung
•\^ddihgnvinhucduthueti-vithitru&ngBDS, trdnh tinh trgng thu hut ^utu dgt. trdn lan, di tgo ra nguy CO "bong bdng" BDS, gdy bdt on cho nen kinh ti.
Mdt khi bong bdng BDS xay ra thi hdu qud cua nd rdt Idu ddi, tham chi tao ra con dia chan suy tiiodi cho nen kinh t l BDS cd gid tri ldn, chdm tiianh khodn. Tbyc t l nhilu nin kinh tl bi tdc ddng, suy thoai vd tri tr^ deu bdt dau t i tiii trudng BDS Gan day nhat la cupc khung hodng tdi chinh toan
d u ma bdt dau tu khing hoang tai chinh My nam 2008. Cudc khing hodng tdi chinh My do thi trudng the chap BDS dudi muc chuan. Xa hon la su tri tte cia kinh te Nhdt Ban sudt t i thdp ruen 90 din nay chua cd dau hieu phuc hoi nguyen do ciing tu vo bong bdng BDS. Do vay, Viet Nam cdn cd tinh dy bdo giua cung va cau dS khi^'en cdo cdc nhd dau tu cd nen tiep tyc dau tu d khu vuc ndo, ving miln ndo vd vdi so lupng bao nhieu thi hpp ly. Day la cdng viSc vd ttdeh nhiem cia nha qudn ly doi vdi tin trudng va nha ddu tu. Dong thdi su qi^ hoach, dy bdo ndy con ttanh cd dia phy ong nhgn qua nhilu von FDI nhu Trung Bp, cdn Tdy Nguyen hau nhu khdng dupc nha tu chi y. Su mdt cdn dii nay ddn den su phdn hda gidu ngheo, bat binh ddng gia tang ttong xa hdi.
Ba Id, thu hut nhd ddu tu cd chon loc, co dinh hu&ng di vira ddm bdo an todn vd cd lai cho thi trudng noi dia vita ddm bdo tinh chuyen giao edng nghe vd qudn ly tie nhd ddu tu.
Cy till thdi gian tdi Viet Nam nen lua chpn dupc cac nhd dau tu chdn chinh theo 2 huong von vd cdng ngh|. Trong do, uu tien cho cdc du dn dp dung cdng nghe xartii ttong cdc tda nha de bdo ve mdi trudng.
Cung vdi do la hudng ddng vin ddu tu BDS nude ngoai vdo cdc du dn khdch san, nghi dudng hon la vdo cac khu do thi Theo Giao su NgiQ'ln Mai, Chi tich Hiep hpi Doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nude ngodi ViSt Nam, cho rdng cac nha dau tu nude ngoai ddu tu vao du dn khdch sgn, khu nghi dudng hoac trung tdm thuong mai cd the se mang nhilu von t i ben ngoai vao ttong nude. Nhung vdi nhijng du dn chung cu, hau hit cac nhd dau tu nude ngoai nhu Keppel Land, Capital Land, Gamuda diu dang huy dpng von t i chinh ngudi mua nhd de thuc hien cam kit dau tu. Thye t l tin chi^en cdc nha dau tu nude ngodi hi^ dpng von frong nude de phdt tnen cdc dy an BDS khdng phai mdi. Khi tiln hanh xdy dung du an Indochina Plaza, chu dau tu Indochina Capital da ky hpp dong tin dyng vay 44 trieu USD de dau tu vdo du an, ttong khi van tiln hdnh hi^ dpng von tu ngudi mua nhd [9]. Kinh nghiem t i du an xay khdch san d Da Ndng cia chi thdu Tnmg Quoc dd mang theo 300 lao ddng ngudi Tnmg Qudc vao VifltNam Nen viec lya chpn nhd ddu tu cdn ddm bdo vi8c lam cho ngudi ddn dia phuang, frdnh xdo frdn trong du luan va xa hpi nhu dd xay ra d Dd Nlng vdi chi thau Trung Quoc [7].
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP J a p chi Khoa hpC so 28 (10-2 5. Ket lu?n dd thi, tnmg tdm thuong mgi Tuy nhien, ben Nhu vdy, sau qua trinh md cia kinh tl, dong cdc tdc ddng tich cue van ton tai nhilu har von FDI ddng mdt vai frd khd quan frpng frong viec Do vay, chinh phi va cac ban nganh lien qua phdt triln kinh t l - xd hpi cia ViSt Nam, frong dd cd chinh sdch phi hop cd v l trung va dai h;
dong vdn FDI vao thi trudng BDS d i vdo sau so tan dung toi da nguIn von FDI ndi chung va vdi ddng von FDI vao linh vuc cdng nghiep, xdy budng cho thi trudng BDS ndi rieng phdt triei dyng nhung FDI vao thi trudng BDS cung dd gdp each bin vung, on dinh, nhdt la vl ITnh vuc 1 mdt phdn quan ttpng vao phat triln hg tang kinh te san, trung tdm thuong mai, khu do thi vd khu - xahdi, cdi thi$n vdnang cao mic sing cho ngudi duong, trdnh phdt tnen o at, cung vupt d u , ^ dan thong qua cdc du an vl phdt triln du lich, khu bong bdng BDS./.
Tdi liSu tham khao
[I]. Bdt dpng sdn (2015), "Vdn ngoai tilp tuc chay mgnh vao BDS", http://batdongsan.coi tin-thi-truong/von-ngoai-tiep-tuc-chay-manh-vao-bat-dong-san-ar74444.
[2]. Hilu Cong (2016), "Nam 2016, vdn FDI vdo BDS khdng nhu ky vpng",, htqj://news zmg.vn 2016-von-fdi-vao-bat-dong-san-khong-nhu-ky-vong-post707321.html.
[3].Ddn Tri (2016),'Them "dngldn" dia dcgianhap thi tnidngbietthu'nghiduongvenbien",http://danhi CO kinh-doanh/thera-ong-lon-dia-oc-gia-nhap-thi-tmong-biet-thu-nghi-duong-ven-bien-2016040610264824]
[4]. Dd tin dia Ic (2016), "TPHCM: BDS ding dau tiiu hit v6n FDI ttong nam 2015", http://dothi(
com/thi-truong-du-an/tphcm-bat-dong-san-dimg-dau-tim-hut-von-fdi-ttong-nam-2015-ar9931.htin.
[5]. Xudn Hai (2016), "Hut von khdng nging, FDI vdo BDS dat 1 ty USD trong 9 th, http://vietnamfmance.vn/do-thi/hut-von-khong-ngung-fdi-vao-bat-dong-san-dat-l-ty-usd-tro:
tiiang-2016G92408225436,hfrn.
[6]. Le Quoc Hdi, Phgm Van Hing, Hoang Thj Xuyen (2015), "Mpt so giai phap cho diu ttr ttu nude ngoai vao liiih vuc BDSViet Nam", Kmh ti vd Phdt tnin, sd 215, thang 5/2015, tt. 2-9.
[7]. Hoai Nam, Ha Miih (2015), "Du luan len tiing vy hon 300 lao ddng Trung Qudc lam vi?c tai Da^
http://vov.vn/xa-hoi/du-luan-len-tieng-vu-hon-300-lao-dong-trung-quoc-Iam-viec-tai-da-nang-451809.
[8]. N.C. Nam (2015), "Bd trudng Trinh Dmh Diing ndi vl nhu cdu nhadxa hpi", http://wwvv.sxd. da gov.vn/chi-tiet-tin-tuc?articIeId=155832.
[9]. Nhu Ngoc (2015), "FDI ttong BDS, bao nhieu la thye?", http://entemews vn/fdi-ttong-nha-da nhieu-ia-thuc. html.
[10]. Starlakehotay, "Ha Ndi Starlake-Khu dd thj Tdy Hd Tdy", http://starlakehota ha-noi-starlake-khu-do-thi-tay-ho-tay/
[11]. Vietstock (2015), "Tien do vao du an nha cao cap", http://vietstock.vn/Print'' aspx?ArticleID=437738.
[12]. Anh Vi (2016), "Thu hit FDI vao lmh vuc BDS", http.//www.nhandan.coni.vn/kinhte/tii(
item/28613502-thu-hut-fdi-vao-linh-vuc-bat-dong-san.html.
ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) INTO THE REAL ESTATE MARKET IN VIETNAM DURING THE 2010-2016 PERIOD
AND EMERGING ISSUES Summary
The researh result points out the reality of atfractmg FDI in Vietnam's real estate market during the 2015 period in terms of size, investors, and regions, which shows the positive aspects of FDI for socio-eco infrastructure, employment for workers, and an increase in the state budget collected; but existmg limit include a regional imbalance in real estate FDI and market segments, thereby the article suggested sol such as tiie overall planmng of supply and demand in tiie real estate market, avoidmg its speculation an(
bubbles; selecting FDI mvestors based on the cntena of capital and technology-friendly environment, solutions ensure the long-term sustainable development for this market ui Vietnam
Keywords: FDI, real estate, real estate market, investors
Ngdy nhdn bar. 16/5/2016; Ngdy nhgn lgi: 16/1/2017. Ngdy duyit ddng: 21/8/2017.
102