T a p c h i ' '
©: Vien KHLNVN-VAFS
ISSN: 1S59^^^37g Bang tai tai: www.vafs gov vn
T\tM NANG PHAT THAI K H I NHA KJNH TRONG UNH VLTC SO" DUNG DAT, THAY DOI SU' DUNG D A T VA LAM NGHIEP GIAI DOAN 2010 - 2020
b'VIET NAM
Vu Tan PhuoTig\ Do Trpng Hoan^ va Hoang Xuan Ty^
' Vien Khoa hoc Ldm nghiep Viet Nam,
^T6 chuc Nong Ldm Thi giai tgi Viet Nam,
^Hoi Khoa hoc ky thudt Ldm nghiep
Tmm nSng phat thai khi nha kinh (KNK) trong ITnh vuc sii dung dk, thay doi sir dung dat va lam nghiep diroc phan tich dira tren kich ban san xuat nhu thong thu-cmg (Business as Usual) trong giai doan 2 0 1 0 - 2020, nghTa la cac phat thai nay duoc tinh toan dua tren cac chien luoc va ke hoach su dung dat da duoc phe duyet. Nghien ciru sii dung phiin mgm REDD Abacus _ , , , . ^ . ,•..,•• va COMAP dua tren cac so lieu thir cAp dk tinh loan phat thai KNK trone Tu khoa: Giam phat thai. ... , . , ^: , ..;.' . , j i , , . „ „ , , . / ' h'~ kh h' k' h ^^^ ^^ " " ^ ' '^ ^^ dun% dat va lam rghiep (LULUCF) giai am ng lep. i n a in^ , ^ 20]() . 2020. Phan tich cho th5y ngu viec su dung dk duoc thuc hien thay aoi su dung dat, su . , ., • . - i i - , , - - , ' . . - • • ' , "^„,„' J ..• " ^ dung theo cac chien luge va quy hoach su dung dat trong giai doan 2010 -
• * 2020 thi Viet Nam se tao ra mot lugng hdp thu cac - bon thuku la 35,7 trieu tan CO; tuang duong (viSt tat la C03e)/nam. Rieng d6i voi nganh lam nghiep, cac thay doi sii dung dat lam nghiep sg tao ra lugng cac - bon hap thu Ihuan la 37,3 trieu tan CO^e/nam. Giam phat thai co the dugc cai thien dang ke neu thuc hien 9 phirong an giam phat thai va lucmg giam phat thai CO the dat dugc ctia cac phuong an nay la 70,1 trieu tin C02e/n3m trong giai doan nay. Nghien ciru cflng cho thay, doi vai Viet Nam, cac giai phap nhSm t3ng cucrng tru lugng cac bon rimg sg mang lai hieu qua cao han so vdi cac giai phap giam phat thai thuan tily dua vao chong mat rirng.
Potential of green house gases emission reduction in land use, land use change and forestry for a period of 2010 - 2020 in Vietnam Emission potential in land use, land use change and forestry is analyzed based on the scenario of Business as Usual for a period of 2010 - 2020. it means that this emission potential is calculated following the approved land use strategies and planning. The study employed REDD Abacus and Keywords: Emission COMAP softwarea and secondary data to analyze emission potential for reduction, forestry, green l^nd use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) for 2010 - 2020. The house gases, land use. analysis indicates that implementation of the strategies and planning for land use change 2010 - 2020 will generate a net carbon sink of 35.7 million tons CO;
equivalent (coded as C02e)/year. In forestry sector, land use change could provide a net sequestration of 37.3 million tons C02e/year. Emission reduction can greatly increase if 9 mitigation options are fulfilled and the emission amount resulted from these options can reach 70.1 million tons COie/year for this period. The study suggests that Vietnam will obtain more carbon benefits from enhancing forest carbon stock and sustainable forest management than reducing emissions from deforestation only.
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Tap chi KHLN 2014 ViJ Tan Phu'ang ef ai, 2014(3) I. DAT VAN DE
Thay d6i sic dung ddt, ddc biet la thay doi sir dung ddt lam nghiep, co anh hucmg Ion den phat thai khi nha kinh (KNK) va trir lugng cac bon. Phdt thai lign quan toi rimg, dugc tao ra do mdt rimg va suy thoai rung, la mot nguon phat thai khi nha kinh (KNK) dang kg trgn pham vi toan cdu. Lugng phat thai toan cdu trong ITnh vuc sir dung ddt, thay doi sir dung ddt vd Idm nghiep (LULUCF) chigm khoang 17% t6ng lugng phat thai iCNK loan cdu (IPCC, 2007). Tuy nhien, khac voi cac nuoc dang phdt trign khdc, Viet Nam la nuoc co ty le che phil ciia rung lien tuc tang tir nam 1990 (ty le che phii rimg la 28%) Ien 39,7% vao nam 2012 (Bo NN&PTNT, 2013).
Trong xu huong bien nay, cac nudc dang tign hanh phat trien mot ngn kinh te xanh hay ngn kinh tg cdc bon thdp, trong do vai tro cua ldm nghiep la rat quan trpng. Tang trudng xanh phu thuoc vao qudn ly rirng bgn vung. Rirng la ta,i sdn tu nhien quan trong va dong vai tro chii chot trong viec cung cap cac dich vu moi truang. Trong do bdo ton da dang sinh hpc dac biet quan trpng d6i vai nong nghiep, sue khoe con nguai va phat trien cong nghiep (sgi, nhign lieu sinh hpc, vv) vd viec cung cap nuoc phu thupc vao quan ly ben virng tai nguyen rirng. Ngoai ra, rirng con Id mpt bg chira cac - bon Ian va vi vdy nan pha rimg cdn tiep tuc dugc quan tdm gidi quyet, digu nay da ddn dgn su ra dai ciia sang kign Gidm phdt thai thong qua no lire han chg mat rirng, suy thoai rirng, tang cuang trtr lugng cac bon rirng va quan ly rirng bgn vitng (REDD+).
Viet Nam da ban hanh Chien luge tang truang xanh vd Chien luge nay da dua ra cac dinh huang chign luge ve phdt trien cdc bon thap,
nhirng chi tieu lam ngn tdng ma Viet Nam da cam ket gidm phdt thai KNK cita nen kinh tg vao nam 2020 tir 10 - 2 0 % vai su h6 trg cua qu6c tg. Trong giai doan 2020 - 2030, tong lugng phdt thdi dir kien gidm 2% m6i nam va 3 % voi sir ho trg cua qu6c tg (Thii tuang Chinh phil, 2012b).
Dg lam ro ban vg viec thuc hien Chien lucre tang trudng xanh a Viet Nam, nghign cim nay phdn tich tiem nang gidm phat thai KNK dua trgn cdc chign luge va ke hoach sir dung ddt da dugc phg duyet nham xac dinh tiem nang gidm phat thdi KNK a Viet Nam.
Nhti-ng kgt qua cua nghien ciju ndy se la cac th6ng tin ddu vao cho viec hoach dinh chinh sdch lien quan dgn viec quan ly vd sti dung ddt Idm nghiep va thuc hien muc tieu giam phat thdi KNK quoc gia.
IL PHlTONG PHAP VA SO LIEU Sir dung each tigp can dua tren phdn tich chi phi ca hpi (White, D & Minang P, 2011).
Phan tich phat thai trong LULUCF dugc tinh toan dua tren phdn mem REDD Abacus (Harja D, Dewi S el al. 2011). Trong REDD Abacus, dir lieu vg cdc - bon va Igi nhudn thu dugc tir cac loai hinh sir dung ddt va tir cac viing trong mpt qu6c gia c6 thg dugc xem xet dua vao trong chuang trinh dg phdn tich. Yeu cdu dau vao va ddu ra cua phdn mgm REDD Abacus dugc tom tdt d hinh 1.
Phdn tich tiem nang giam phat thai dugc thyc hien dua tren phdn mgm ABACUS do ICRAF xay dung (Harja et al, 2011). Phan mgm nay dugc sir dung dg ddnh gia cac chi phi ca hpi lign quan dgn thay d6i sir dung ddt dua tren todn bp canh quan, trong d6 bao g6m tai nguyen rimg, mot khu vuc hdnh chinh hay mpt quoc gia.
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V°IirLEt!u'pnq etat. 2014(3) Tap chi KHLN 2014
Thu t h a p d i t lieu
^
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Phan t i c h dCrlie u^
REDD Abacus! Hien t r a n g sCrdung Sat i Quy hoach sCrdung dat I Quy hoach p h a t t r i e n i Cac n g h i e n CLTU v e t r f i l u g n g
c ^ b g n
: H f t h d n g p h a n loai sC( d y n g d a t
Ma t r a n t h a y d o i sCr d u n g dS^
Gia t r i t r u ' l u g n g cac b o n
^
I B u d n g c o n g phat thai/di thay d o i SLf d u n g dat 1 Lugng giam phat t h ^ i t i e m
nang iien q u a n den t h a y d o i s u d u n g d a t
D a n h gia cac lUa chgn giam n h e K N K v a c a c khuyen n g h i
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SLT d u n g COMAP d e phan tich lUa chgn giam nhe KNK
d u g c d e xuat
^
U
Xay d u n g cac lUa chon giam n h e KNK t i e m nang d o i v d i cac bien p h a p lam smh dugc
cSi t h i e n
Hinh 1. Phaang phap tong quat phan tich phat thai KNK Cac s6 lieu sii dung trong phdn tich tigm nang
phat thai dugc ke thira tir cdc s6 lieu vg sir dung ddt hien tai va trong tuang lai (kg hoach sir dung dat, quy hoach nganh). S6 lieu vg hien trang sir dung dat Idy tir s6 lieu hien trang Sli dung ddt nam 2010 (Bg TN & MT, 2010);
so lieu ve quy hoach su dung ddt nong nghiep kg thira tir cac quy hoach ciia Bg N6ng nghiep va Phat trign N6ng th6n (Thu tuong Chinh phli 2007; 2012a). Trgn co sa cdc nguon so lieu nay, cdc loai hinh sii dung ddt dugc ghep nhom thdnh 25 loai hinh sir dung ddt chinh.
Cac so lieu vg tru lugng cac bon va gia tri NPV cua cac loai hinh su dung ddt dugc tong hgp tir cdc nghign eim 6 Viet Nam va s6 lieu quoc tg (Nordeco, 2010; JICA, 2011; T6ng cue Thong ke, 2010; IPCC 1996; Swallow et al 2007). Cdc s6 lieu nay dugc tong hgp va Idy gid tri trung binh.
Trgn CO so do, phdn tich 9 phuang an giam nhe phat thai KNK (la cdc giai phap thuc hien Chign luge phat trien ldm nghiep dgn nam 2020) dua tren phdn mgm COMAP. Cac phuang an nay la cac giai phap can thiep trong phat triin lam nghiep hien nay, g6m:
Phuang an 1 (OPl): Tr6ng SOO.OOOha rtmg keo lam g6 gidy, voi chu ky ngdn 10 nam thay vi 7 nam nhu hien nay (kh6ng thay d6i sir dung dat, do do tao ra hdp thu b6 sung);
Phuang an 2 (0P2): Tr6ng 500.000ha rimg keo lam cho go xe va bpt gidy, vdi chu ky trung binh 15 nam thay vi 7 nam (kh6ng thay doi sir dung dat);
Phuang an 3 (0P3): Tr6ng 300.000ha cac loai cdy bdn dia lam g6 xe, vai chu ky dai 40 nam (dupc xdy dimg trgn ddt dugc giao de tr6ng rimg);
Phucmg an 4 (0P4): Trong 150.000ha rung th6ng dg Idy nhua va g6, vdi chu ky 40 - 50 nam;
Phuang an 5 (OPS): Tr6ng lOO.OOOha tram tren dat ngdp phen ldm cpc mdng xay dung, vdi chu ky 12 nam (tren ddt than bim va ddt ngdp phen thodi hoa, dugc sir dung de trong cay hang nam);
Phuang an 6 (0P6): Tr6ng 200.000ha rtmg cao su tren ddt tr6ng va thay the rimg tu nhign ngheo, vdi chu ky 30 nam (thay d6i su dung ddt phu hpp vdi quy hoach hien co);
Tapchi KHLN 2014 Vu Tan Phirong elal.. 2014(3)
: Phupng an 7 (0P7): TrSng khpang 2 ti cay phan tan, tupng duong 2 trieu ha, vai chu ky 15 nam (khong co thay d6i sir dung dat bo sung);
• Phuong an 8 (0P8): Lam giau va quan ly bin vimg 2 trieu ha rimg san xuiit tu nhien Men CO, chu ky chat chpn 20 nam (khong thay dpi su diing dat);
• Phuong an 9 (0P9): Quan ly b k vimg 400.000ha rimg phong hp tu nhien hien cp, noi gdn thi truong, chu ky chat chpn 20 nam (khong thay doi su dung dat, ket hpp voi REDD+).
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Tiem nang phat thai KNK giai doan 2010 - 2020
Tren co so hien trang su dung dat nam 2010 va quy hoach su dung dat den 2020, nghien cuu da tiln hanh tong hop va ghep nhom thanh 25 loai hinh sil dung dfc chinh, trong do CO 3 nhom diit chinh gom; dat nong nghiep (g6m dat san xuat nong nghiep va diit lam nghiep), d4t phi npng nghiep va dat chua sii dung. S6 lieu chi tiet ve thay doi su dung dSt giai dpan 2010 - 2020 neu tai bang 1.
Bang 1. Thay d6i sir dung dfa thep quy hpach giai doan 2010 - 2020
STT 1 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 B 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 II 21 22 III 23 24 25
Lo^i SIP dung dat B A T N O N G NGHIgP Dk san xuat nong nghiop Lua nuoc
Cay hang nam i<hac Caosu C i p h g Dieu Che Cay an qua Tieu Khac Oat lam nghiep
Rung san xuat la riFng ty nhien Rimg san xu&t la ru-ng trong Dat rirng san xuat ichoanh nuoi tai sinh Rung phong hp Id rirng ti.r nhien Rii'ng phong hp la rirng trong Dat rirng phong hp ichoanh nuoi tai sinh RCrng dgc dung la rirng tu nhien RCrng dac dung la rirng trong Dat rirng dac dyng ichoanh nuoi tai smh Dat trong rirng
D l l nong nghiep ichac BAT PHI NONG NGHIEP S6ng, suoi va mgt nir6c Dat khac DAT CHU'A SlJ DyNG Dat bing chira Sl> dung Dat dpi nui chua su dyng Nui da
Tong dien tich npi dia
Dien tich nam 2010 (ha) 26.226.395 10.126.106 3 998.951 2.438 652 740.000 548.200 372.600 129.400 776.300 51.300 1.070.703 14 169 566 4.055.363 2.025.390 497.692 4.205.921
598.534 692.436 1.924.751
81,280 88.199 1.196.906
733.818 3.705.075 1.077.512 2.627.563 3.164.269 237.742 2.632.657
293.870 33 095.739
Di^n tich nam 2020 (ha) 26.502.499
9.043.000 3.812.000 2.238,000 800,000 500,000 400,000 140,000 910.000 53.000 190,000 16.244,999 4 553 056 3,578,944
0 4,898,357
943,643 0 1.924.751
346.249 0 0 1.214,500 4.230.587 1.077.512 3.153.075 2.362.652 237.742 1.831.040
293.870 33.095.739
2^mgetai. 2014(3) Tap chi KHLN 2014
Nhu vd\ CO thg thdy trong giai doan 2010 - 2020, ddt sdn xudt nong nghiep co su thay d6i khong dang kg. T6ng dien tich ddt canh tdc nong nghiep dgn 2020 gidm khodng 1,1 trieu ha, trong do chu ygu nhung thay doi ve dien tich doi vdi cay hang nam hoac cdy Idu nam. Tuy nhien ddt lam nghiep Iai cd su thay ddi manh me. Tong dien tich ddt cd rimg du kign tang thgm khodng 2,1 trieu ha, trong do chu yeu la su thay ddi vg dien tich rimg san xudt Id rirng trong va rirng sdn xudt Id rimg tu nhien.
Cac so lieu vg trtr lugng cac - bon va gia tri rong hien tai (NPV) cua cdc Ioai hinh su dung
ddt dugc t6ng hgp ttr cac ket qud nghign ciiu san cd va la gia tri trung binh. S6 lieu cho thay, hau het cac loai hinh sit dung ddt cd trtr lugng cac - bon cao (nhu cac Ioai rtmg tu nhign) thi gia tri NPV Iai kha thdp, trong khi dd cac loai hinh sir dung ddt cho trong cdy c6ng nghiep (cd phg, dieu, cao su, vv) vd cdy hdng nam cd trtr lugng cdc - bon thdp ban nhung lgi ich kinh te mang lai la khd cao (bang 2). Chi phi ca hpi, vdi y nghia lugng hda gia tri kinh tg trgn m6i tdn CO2 phdt thdi hoac hdp thu do chuygn doi sir dung ddt, dugc tinh theo dan vi USD/tdn COje, la chi s6 se dupc sir dung dg ddnh gia Igi ich kinh tg vg thay doi su dung dat.
Bang 2. TrtJ lugng cac - bon binh quan cua cdc Ioai hinh su dung ddt
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Logi hinh si> dung ddt Rirng san xuit la rirng tu nhien Rirng san xuat la rCrng trpng D i t nrng san xuit i<hpanh nupi tai sinh
RCrng phpng hp la rCrng t y nhien RCrng phpng hp la rCrng trpng Oat rirng phpng hp khpanh nupi tai sinh
Rl^ng dac dung la rCrng ty nhien RCrng dac dung la rCrng Irong Oai rirng dac dung khoanh nuoi tai sinh
Dat trong rCrng Capsu Ca phe Dieu Che Cay an qua He heu
Cay trpng lau nam khac Lua
Cay tr6ng hang nam khac Cac Ipai dat npng nghiep khac SPnq, su6i va mgt nuoc Cac Ipai hmh sCr dung d i t phi npng nghiep
D i l bing chya si> dyng o i l doi nil! chua sir dung Nui da
Trtr luo'ng cac - bon (tin C/ha)
79,80 42,50 55,59 79,80 42.50 55,59 79,80 42,50 55,59 3.30 62,67 6,27 11,44 7,50 7,50 6,27 6.27 4,88 3,22 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 3,30 0,00
NPV (USD/ha/nam)
144,25 397,23 32,51 144,25 238,34 32.51 144,25 119,17 32,51 0,00 2 003,65 2 238,10 433.43 714.29 714.29 2-238,10 714,29 1,714,29 1 714.29 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00
Ngudn/Ghi chu Nordecp, 2010, Vu Tan Phupng, 2008 Vu Tan Phuong, 2008
JICA, 2011
Nprdeco, 2010: Vu Tan Phuong, 2008 VO Tan Phupng, 2008
JICA, 2011
Nordecp, 2010, VO T i n Phuong, 2008 Vu f i n Phupng, 2008
JICA, 2011 IPCC, 1996 JICA, 2011 JICA. 2011 JICA, 2011 Swallpw eta/ 2007 Gia dinh nhy dpi vpi cay che Gia ^ n h nhy d i i vpi cay ca phe Gia dinh nhy dpi vpi cay ca phe Tong cue Thing ke, 2010, IPCC. 1996 Tong cyc Thing ke, 2010, IPCC. 1996 Khong co hoac co rat il thuc bi Khong CO thuc bi Khong c6 hoac co rat it thyc bi Khong c6 hoac co rat it thyc bi Gia dinh giing vpi d i l danh cho tai tring rCrng
Khong co hoac cp rat it thuc bi
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Tap chi KHLN 2014 Vu Tan Phtjong ef al., 2014(3)
Bang 5. Phdn tich digm manh va digm ygu cua cac phucmg an gidm phat thdi KNK
Phircng an OPl. Tr6ng 500.000ha keo lam g6 giSy. 10 nam
Diem manh
? che phu ri>ng.
Tiem nang GPT kha lan; Tang Tao nguon •go giSy xuM khau
Tao thu nhap cao va nhanh, phu hgp voi hg ngheo Tinh kha thi cao.
0P2 Tr6ng 500-OOOha keo va cac loai khac lam goxe, 15 nam
OPS; Trong 300.000ha cac loai cay ban dia lam xe, 40 nam
0P4 Trong 150 OOOha Thong nhira de lay nhya va g6, 40 - 50 nam
0P5, Trang 100-OOOha tram de lam egc mong, 12 nam
Ti^m nang GPT Ion, Chi phi GPT thap, tgo du"OC nguon g5 thay th§ cho nganh cong nghi$p 6b mgc.
Tao thu nh9p cao va kha nhanh cho ngu'Oi dan tren dien rgng.
Tiem nang GPT kha Id'n, Chi phi GPT thSp, tgo du-gc ngu6n g6 cho san xuat do mgc, Higu qua kmh te kha cao Gia tri phong hg, da dang sinh hoc rat cao
Ti§m nang GPT kha lon; Chi phi GPT thiip; Tao nguyen li?u cho nhu cau ngi dja va xuat khau Tao ra thu nhgp on dinh va dai han cho ngu'di dan tren cac vimg doi trgc, dat x^u.
Chi phi GPT r§t thJip, cuong do GPT binh quan Tong tiem nang GPT khong lan do di§n nam tren Iha la rat cao Nhanh thu nhap va co tich bi han ch4; coc mong xay du'ng
Biem yeu Chl phi GPT cao TSc dyng bao vg moi tru'ong va da dang sinh hgc th4p.
Tac dung bao v? moi truong va da dgng smh hgc a mii'c trung binh. Keo dai chu ky them 5 nam (so vol OPl) se kho khan cho hg ngheo
Chu ky dai khong hgp cho ngu'ai ngheo.
Con thigu cac cong ngh? va ky thugt tac dong de rCrng co nang xuit cao hon, Tinh kha thi khong cao khi mo r^ng cho cac hg ngheo
Thai gian cha thu hoach la qua dai d6i vai ngu'ai ngheo Thieu cac co so che bien nhya thong, khien gia ca khong on djnh.
them nhilu lam san phi go nhu' torn, ca. mat ong, nen phu hap hg ngheo Co vai tro to Ion trong vigc phyc h6i hg smh thai d§t ngap nu'dc, giam nhg sy phen hoa dit lua 6 vung kg cgn.
Tinh kha thi cao
bing go tram kho cgnh tranh vcfi egc be tong, n§u nha nu^ac khong co ehinh sach Jai eho cac nha thau xay dyng khi diing coc tram.
0P6. Trong 200 OOOha Cao su tren rii'ng ngheo va dat trong, 30 nam
Tgo ra thu nhgp on djnh eho nong dan viing cao nen han che dyge pha ripng Tgo nguyen lieu cho do mpc xuit khau va cao su xuat khau.
Bang dygc Nha nuoc u'u tien diu tu', Tinh kha thi cao.
Tiem nang GPT khong lan; Chi phi GPT rat cac; Can von ban dau lan, nen phy thupc hoan loan vao Nha nuac va doanh nghipp. Dan ngheo eon thieu kmh nghidm va nang lyc quan ly, rirng cao su.
0P7: Trong cay phan tan, 2 ty cay (tyang du'ong 1 tripu ha), 30
Tiem nang GPT rat lan Chi phi GPT rat thap, Tgo ra nguon g5 tai eh5 nen gia re. Co y nghTa giao due moi tru'dng eao va sau rpng. Khong phy thupc vao von Nha nu'dc, Tinh kha thi cao.
So loai cay g5 co gia trj hipn chya nhieu.
Kho bao vg khoi gia sue pha hogi trong giai doan dau vi phan bo gan dan cu.
0P8; Lam giau va quan ly bin virng 2 tripu ha rirng san xuit tu* nhien hign co, 20 nam
Tiem nang GPT rat ldn, Chi phi GPT thap; Tgo dygc nguon g6 truyin thong de dimg ngi dja va xuat khau. Co y nghTa ldn trong vigc duy tri rirng tu' nhien, nang cao kha nang phong hp va tinh da dang sinh hgc, rii'ng se dugc quan ly tdt hern sau khi giao cho hp va epng dong. Tinh kha thi kha cao.
Phan ldn trudng hgp deu cd chu ky dai, nen it phu hgp hg ngheo, da so chiJ rung cdn thilu kmh nghiem trong lam giau riFng cung nhu' quan ly rirng bin vifng.
Thilu quy trinh ky thuat cho nhilu viing sinh thai khac nhau.
0P9: Quan ly ben virng 400 OOOha rirng phong hg ty nhien hign co, 20 nam
Chl phi GPT thap, Tgo dugc nguon gd truyin thdng de diing ndi dia va xuat khau. Co y nghTa Idn trong vigc bao vg riyng phdng hg va da dgng smh hgc, Tinh kha thi kha cao.
Chu ky dai nen it h^p d i n ngu'di ngheo.
Chi mpt phin nho rCrng phdng hp cd the phil hgp phyang an nay, vi da so rirng phong hp d viing sau, viing xa kho vgn chuyen. Thieu phap ly quoc te de tham gia dy an CDM.
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•-"'vgng era/. 2014(3) Tgp chi KHLN 2014 V . K E i .UA.N VA KIEN NGHI
Cac thay doi ve sii dung ddt d Viet Nam trong giai doan 2010 - 2020 ngu dugc thuc hien theo cac chign luge va quy hoach tong thg cho ngdnh ndng - ldm nghiep se khong tao ra phat thai thudn ma ngugc lai se tao ra mpt lugng hdp thu thudn Id khodng 35,7 trieu tdn C02e.
Neu chi xet den cdc thay d6i sir dung dat trong ngdnh lam nghiep, thi cac thay d6i nay se tao ra Iupng hdp thu cac - bon thudn la 37,3 trieu tan COae/ndm. Ngu dp dung cac giai phap can thiep de phat trien Idm nghiep tbi tigm nang gidm phat thai se ldn ban khd nhieu. Lugng cac - bon hdp thu tiem ndng tir cac phuang an nay co the tang gdp ddi, dat khoang 70,1 trieu tdn COae/nam trong giai doan nay vdi chi phi dau tu ban ddu cho gidm phdt thdi ttr 0,33 - 2,72 USD/tdn C02e,
Phat thai tir ldm nghiep se xdy ra, nhung co thg tranh dugc bang chi phi den bu gidm phat thai 5 USD/tdn COie, ngoai trtr trudng hgp chuygn doi tir rimg tu nhign sdn xudt sang trong cao su (chi phi c a hpi cao, d mirc 29,6 USD/tdn C02e). Can luu y rang chuygn ddi ttr rtmg sang trdng cao su (vd cdc loai cay trong Idu nam nhu ca phg, hat dieu, ngu cd) se khdng thg chdm dirt dugc ngu khong cd ygu t6 han chg ngoai Igi nhudn kinh te, vd se la mot
thach thiic dg hien thuc hda bdt ky quy hoach sti dung ddt nao cd lign quan.
Phdn tich chi phi giam phat thdi cho thdy ngu ke hoach thay ddi su dung ddt dugc thuc hien diing nhu du kien, Viet Nam se nhdn dugc nhigu tin chi cac - bon ttr ngdnh Iam nghiep theo cac ca chg khuyen khich tang cudng trii lugng cdc - bon ban Id tir cac co che chong phdt thdi thuan tuy do mdt rimg. Ddy la ludn cti quan trgng dg dam bao cho viec de xudt tang cudng cac bon trong cac ca chg REDD+ bo sung sau ndy. Viec tan dung ddt bang va ddt doi ntii chua sir dung hien nay dg tang dp che phii rimg (nhu tr6ng rimg, quan ly rtmg t6t han, vd dp dung cac hinh thirc nong Idm ket hgp) la each cd hieu qua dg dat dugc muc tieu hap thu cac - bon cao ban ma van phil hgp vdi chien luge cua nganh lam nghiep cung nhu cac chuong trinh tin chi cac - bon rtmg nhu REDD+.
LOfI C A M OfN
Nghien cim ndy dugc thuc hien bai Nhom nghien cuu nham cung cdp ca sd cho xdy dimg Chien luac tdng tru&ng xanh a Viet Nam. Nhom nghien cihi xin Iran thdnh cdm an SIX ho trg ve cua Chuang trinh Phdt trien Lien Hiep QuSc (UNDP) tgi Viet Nam.
TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO
Bp Tai nguyen va Moi trudng, 2010. Kiam ke dk dai loan qudc nam 2010. Bg Tai nguyen va Moi tnrdng. Ha Npi.
Bo Nong nghi?p va Phat trian Nong thdn, 2013. Quyat dinh s6 1739 /QD - BNN - TCLN ngay 31/7/2013 vl cong bd hien trang rimg toan quoc nam 2012.
IPCC, 1996. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. http://www,ipcc - nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gl/invsl.html.
IPCC, 2007. IPCC fourth assessment report: Climate change 2007. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/
ar4/syr/en/spm.html
JICA, 2011. The economic feasibility of reduction of emission trom deforestation and forest degradation in Vietnam. JICA, Hanoi,
Harja D, Dewi S, van Noordwijk M, Ekadinata A, and Rahmanulloh A, 2011. REDD Abacus SP User Manual and Software. Bogor, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAF, SEA Regional Office. 89 p, Nordeco, 2010. Collecting and analyzing trends of forest resources nad forest carbon for establishment of interim baseline reference scenarios. Consultant report of Techmical assistance in the development of national REDD program of Vietnam. MARD, Hanoi,
Tap chi KHLN 2014 Phgm The Dung ef ai. 2014(3)
I. DAT VAN DE
D6ng bdng song Cim Long (DBSCL) cd dien tich tu nhien khoang 4 trieu hecta, trong dd cd dgn 1,6 trieu hecta ddt bi nhigm phen d hai dang phen tigm tang vd phen boat ddng. Thuc vdt cdy go chu ygu sdng trgn lap dia chua phen nay la loai tram (Melalecuca), vdi dac digm sinh thai la cd the sdng trong digu kien ngdp nudc vd chua phen hoac loai bach dan neu trdng tren Hgp dat cao dupc rira phen (Yuka sangyo Co.,Ltd, 2002). Tuy nhign, nhigu nghien ciru cho thdy tram khong cung khong "ua" gi phen ma sinh trudng t6t ban khi c6 digu kien lam dat Ign ligp dg thodt phen. Song viec Iam ddt Ign liep thoat phen ddi hdi kinh phi Idn, va viec su dung vdi la bien phap truygn th6ng de cdi tao phen lai la digu rdt kho vdi DBSCL vi khdng c6 nguon niii da vdi.
Trudc khd khan trgn, Cong ty Yuka Sangyo Co.Ltd.to ciia Nhdt Ban da che thir hop chdt mang tgn AGRI - STABI (tam gpi Id chdt Iam
on dinh trong nong nghiep) nham cdi thien dat phen trong ndng nghiep d nhiing viing thdp triing d nhigu nudc trgn the gidi. Bdi viet nay gidi thieu ket qua hgp tdc nghign ciiu giiia Vien Khoa hpc Lam nghiep Nam Bo (Phan vien Nghign ctiu Khoa hpc Lam nghiep Nam bp cii) va C6ng ty Yuka Sangyo Co.Ltd trong thir nghiem sir dung chdt Agri - Stabi dg cdi tao dat tr6ng rimg tai Thanh Hda, tinh Long An.
II. VAT LIEU VA PHU*aNG PHAP NGHIEN c t r u
2.1. Dia diem thi nghidm
Thi nghiem thirc hien tai Tram Thuc nghiem Lam nghiep Thanh Hda, tinh Long An, nai co hai mtia kho va mua phdn biet, miia kho tir thang 12 - thang 4 nam sau vd miia mua tir thang 5 - 1 1 . Trong miia mua, nudc ngdp do lii, thdi gian ngdp keo dai khodng 3 thang va nudc trong cac kenh can kiet vdo miia kho.
Bdng dudi ddy cho thdy a ca 4 miii khoan, dat dgu cd dp chua khd cao, chdt hiru co va dam cd ham lugng cdn tuang ddi kha.
MK
(*)
2
3
5
7 Do sau t ^ i i g d i t (cm) 0 - 2 0 2 0 - 4 0 4 0 - 8 0 8 0 - 1 0 0 1 1 0 - 1 5 0 0 - 2 0 2 0 - 4 0 4 0 - 8 0 8 0 - 1 5 0 0 - 1 5 1 5 - 4 5 4 5 - 7 5 7 5 - 1 5 0 0 - 3 0 3 0 - 5 0 5 0 - 8 0 8 0 - 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 1 5 0
Bang
pH (HiO) D3t u>6t 3,911 3,72 3,60 3,70 3,85 3,76 3,68 3,45 3,67 3,65 3,43 3,50 3,57 4,08 3,81 3,54 3,483 3,59
k h 6 3,84 3,61 3,25 3,11 2,89 3.74 3,51 3,34 3,03 3,54 3,33 3,32 2,76 3,97 3,57 3,38 3,9 2.55
pH KCI 3,70 3,42 3,12 2,98 2,74 3,68 3,34 3,19 2,89 3,51 3,31 3,78 2,66 3,73 3,47 3,32 3,13 2,34
1. Dac digm phi
C h i t (Vo) 16,55 1,35 1,29 2,33 1,56 30,00
6,03 4,66 6,00 15,93 7,03 9,31 6,72 15,52 5,69 3,31 9,31 12,52
u dien (PD) ddt khu thi nghiem
T6ng s 6 (%) N 0,59 0,70 0,07 0,08 0,08 1,11 0,14 0,08 0,07 0,53 0,14 0,13 0,09 0,55 0,17 0,10 0,13 0,13
PzO 0,20 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,04 0,20 0,03 0,04 0,03 0,08 0,03 0,03 0,03 0,08 0,05 0,03 0,03 0,02
K i O 0,31 0,60 0,53 0,55 0,53 0,24 0,55 0,55 0,47 0,43 0,42 0,41 0,34 0,44 0,49 0,54 0,54 0,47
C h i t dh tieu mg/1 OOg d i t
P2O5 11,3 7.3 3,5 3,5 10,0 2,01 4,0 4,0 7.0 10,0 3,5 4,3 5,0 10,0
5,0 4,0 4,0 5,0
KzG 9,1 11,2 11,7 11,2 8.0 9,1 7,5 9,1 5.9 8,5 6,4 9.1 2,7 7,5 5,0 9,6 10,1
2.7
Cation t r a o d o i meq/100g C a ' 1,0 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,2 1,5 1,2 1,0 1.2 1,5 1,2 1,3 1,0 1,5 1,0 1,1 1,0 1.1
M g ' 1.2 0,7 0,5 0.7 0,7 1,5 1,0 1,2 1.3 0,8 1,2 1,2 0,5 1,0 1.2 1,3 0,5 0.5
A L ^ ' 5,0 8.0 7,4 9,3 8,44 9,0 9,4 8.8 8,8 0,151
8,2 9,0 9,1 5,8 7,7 8,5 9,0 8.8
A n i o n S u l p h u a
S 0 4 " % 0,310 0,252 0,252 0,277 0,088 0,126 0,257 0,100 0,277 0,140 0,100 0,176 0,202 0,076 0,026 0,026 0,202 0,125
C i p hat (%) 2 , 2 - 0,02 5.5 7,6 17,2 18.0 27,4 41,4 32.4 26,5 32,0 34,3 34,5 32,3 34,0 32,4 31,6 35,0 41,0
0,02- 0,002 47,7 41,6 38,0 45,2 32.3 18,3 27,3 23,2 32,0 27,5 25.2 24.6 30,0 21,4 23,1 21,9
0,002 46,8 50.8 44,8 36.8 40,3 40.3 40,3 50,3 33,0 38,2 40,3 43,1 36,0 46,2 45.3 43,1 23,9 1 35,1 (Nguon: Phan vi?n Khoa hgc Lam nghiep Nam bp - 2000)
(*) MK: So hieu mui khoan.
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^t^gHLL^je^ng etai, 2014(3) Tgp chi KHLN 2014
2.2. Vat h'u thi nghiem
- V6i: VOL dung trong thi nghiem la loai v6i bpt thuang phdm, thudng diing trong xdy dung d Viet Nam.
- AGRI - STABI: ^ay la hgp chdt dugc da dugc xir li vdi bdi mot sd chdt phu gia, co dang bpt mdu tring, san xudt bdi Cong ty Yuka Sangyo Co., Ltd (dia chi s6 12-1-5F, Kobuna - Cho, Nihonbashi, Chuo - Ku, Tokyo, Nhat Ban). Chat nay dugc sdn xudt dua trgn phan img hda hpc ctia hgp chdt Oxit Canxi vdi hon hgp nudc va ddu va cdc chdt khac, tao
nen cdc phan tir cd bg mat dien tich hdp thu ldn va giii dupc cdc chdt nhu ddu. Hgp chdt AGRI - STABI khdng gdy dpc hai va an mon da nhu vdi, cd the dimg bang tay khi bon ma khdng bi ton thuang, nd cd tinb "khong ua nudc" (Hydrophobic), ludn kh6 va khdng hiit am, nen de van chuygn. Chdt nay khong dg lai cdc dpc t6 (nhu kim Ioai nang, chi, thach tin...). Digu quan trpng la nd cd thg tdi sir dung nhu la nguon vdt lieu thd, de luu trir va van chuyen nen gia thdnh se canh tranh han so vdi vdi thudn ttiy.
Bang 2. Thdnh phdn cua san pham "AGRI - STABL'
Thanh phin
(%)
Chit can sau d i t chay
1,7
Chit hpa tan 76,5
SiOj 1,07
AljOs 0,33
CaO 93.90
MgO 0.91
SO3 0.20
RCO2H 1,30
Phy gia khac 2,29 Ngudn: Yuka Sangyo Co., Ltd.
2.3. Phuong phap nghien ciiu Thiit ke thi nghiem
Dien tich thi nghiem: 2ha (ddi 200m va rdng 100m). Thi nghiem dugc bd tri Iheo khoi he thong. Ddi vdi cdy tram, mdi cong ihiic thi nghiem gdm 9 liep, 3 ligp cho 1 lan lap. Ddi vai cdy bach dan, mdi cdng thiic gdm 6 ligp, 2 ligp cho mdi lan lap.
Su dung Olha cho thii nghiem chat Agri - stabi (100 X 100m) va Olha sir dung bdn Voi (100 X 100m) nhu de ddi chiing.
a) Thu nghiem Agri - stabi
- Cong thuc thi nghiem: ky hieu SJ, S2, S3, S4 Dp dai cua ligp ddt 10m ddi vdi Sl, cdn 30m dai ddi vdi S2, S3 va S4.
Chi cong thuc Sl cd tdng ddt thdp giiia tdng ddt mat vd tdng sinh phen.
Do rpng ciia Hep ddt: ddi vdi trong trdm be rpng 4m (kenh rong 1,3m), vdi tr6ng bach ddn ligp rpng 3m (kenh 5m).
Npi dimg thi nghiem vd lieu lugng Agri - stabi trong thi nghiem;
• Sl: Bdn sau 10cm, ndng dp 0,2% theo trpng lugng ddt, Lugng Agri - stabi Id:
+ Tr6ng tram: 9 ligp ddt x (4m rpng x 10m dai X 0,1m sdu) X 0,002 - 0,072 tdn.
-I- Trong bach dan: 6 Hep x (3m rpng x 10m x 0,1m sdu) X 0,002 = 0,036 tdn.
• S2: Bdn sdu 10cm, nong dp 0,5% theo trpng lugng dat. Lugng Agri - stabi la:
+ Trdng trdm: 9 ligp ddt x (4m rdng x 30m ddi X 0,1m sdu) X 0,005 - 0,54 tdn.
+ Trong bach dan: 6 ligp x (3m rpng x 30m x 0,1m sau) X 0,005-0,27 tdn.
• S3: Bdn sdu 10cm, ndng dp 0,7% theo trpng lugng ddt. Lugng Agri - stabi Id:
+ Tr6ng trdm: 9 ligp ddt x (4m rpng x 30m ddi X 0,1m sdu) X 0,007 = 0,756 tdn.
+ Tr6ng bach dan: 6 ligp x (3m rpng x 30m x 0,1m sdu) X 0,007 = 0,378 tdn.
• S4 : Bon sdu 10cm, n6ng do 0,9% theo trpng lugng dat. Lugng Agri - stabi la:
+ Trdng tram: 9 liep ddt x (4m rpng x 30m ddi X 0,1m sdu) X 0,009 = 0,972 tdn
+ Trong bach dan: 6 Hep x (3m rpng x 30m x 0,1m sdu) x 0,009 - 0, 486 tdn.
Chdt Agri - stabi dugc tron deu vdi ddt 6 dp sdu 10cm tdng dat mat trudc khi trong 14 ngay.
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Tap chi KHLN 2014 Phgm T h i Dung ef al, 2014(3)
b) Thu nghiem voi
Viec dung Vdi tuong tu nhu chdt Agri - stabi.
Ngoai trir trong thi nghiem Sl, chi sir dimg voi bdn rai tren tang ddt mat md khong tron Ian ddt d dp sau 10cm nhu thi nghiem vdi Agri - stabi.
Ky thual ldm sinh:
- Lam ddt:
+ Tr6ng tram: lam ligp ddt thdp cd be rpng 4m, cao 0,3m vd kgnh rdng 1,3m sdu 0,7m.
+ Tr6ng bach ddn: lam ligp ddt cao cd be rpng 3m, cao 0,8m, kenh rpng 5m sau 0,6m.
- Mat dp trdng trgn ligp: 10.000 cdy/ha (1 x lm) d6i vdi tram va 2,500 cay /ha (2 x 2m) vdi bach dan.
- Thdi gian trdng: thdng 2/2003 cho S2, S3,S4 va thang 6/2003 cho Sl.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU VA THAO LUAN
3.L Anh huoTig ciia Agri - stabi va voi den sinh trirdng tram, bach dan Bang 3. Sinh trudng ciia trdm vd bach dan sau 1,5 nam vdi thi nghiem S2, S3,
(thang 1/2003 dgn 6/2004) va 1 nam ddi vdi Sl (thang 6/2003 - 6/2004).
Phuang phdp thu thdp s6 Ueu:
Chi tieu do:
* Sinh trudng chigu cao cdy H (cm), dudng kinh cdy Doo (cm) vd Di 3.
* Cbi s6 pH ciia nudc trong dung dich dat d tang 0 - 20 cm dugc xac dinh bdng tri so phdn tich trung binh ciia tdt cd cdc mau thu dugc tren cung mot thi nghiem. Dung dich nudc de phdn tich dat dugc xac dinh ty Ie 1 : 2,5 theo trpng lugng.
Phirang phdp x^ li sd lieu:
Sir dung phan mgm Excel 5.0 de tinh toan so lieu. Bd tri tbi nghiem chua dii dieu kien de phan tich thdng kg do so Idn lap cdc thi nghiem chua dam bao.
Loai
/W cajuputy
Fvt leucadendra
Chltthi> nghigm Vol
Agri - Stabi
Voi
Agn - Stabi
-— —
Cong thijc thi nghidm
S4 S3 S2 TB S4 S3 S2 TB SI S4 S3 S2 TB S4 S3 32 ""
TB SI
N i n g dp
(%)
0.9 0,7 0,5
0.9 0,7 0,5
0,2 0,9 0.7 0,5
0.9 0.7 0,6
0,2
H, (cm) 168,52 174.24 157,54 163.43 163,07 170.03 164.88 165,99 97,30 299,51 301.06 286,52 295,69 240,34 235,22 253.22 242.92 148,71
DQO (cm) 2,14 2,53 2,14 2,27 2,25 2,74 2,50 2,49 1.33 4,78 4.73 4,54 4,68 3,51 3,76 4,39 3.88 2,74
flBglltiiDiing etai.. 2014(3) Tap chi KHLN 2014 Loai
E.camaldulensis
E tereticornis
ChitthLFnghi^m Voi
Agri - Stabi
Voi
Agn - Stabi
Cong thi>c thi nghi?m
84 S3 S2 TB S4 S3 S2 TB SI S4 S3 S2 TB S4 S3 S2 TB SI
Nong dp
(%)
0,9 0,7 0,5
0.9 0.7 0,5
0,2 0,9 0,7 0.5
0,9 0,7 0,5
0,2
H. (cm) 603,61 632,60 645,85 627.32 643,67 636,61 664,68 644.92 301,55 792.59 805.39 781,75 793,24 753,72 731,37 690,11 725,06 286,89
Doo (cm) 8,18 8,57 8,99 8,58 9,13 9.05 8.66 8,94 4,11 9,65 9,70 9,68 9,676
9,50 9,50 9,26 9.42 3,52 (TB: Tri sd trung binh ciia 3 nghiem thiic).
+ Doi vdi cay tram (M cajuputy)
Trong thdi gian ddu, dnh hudng ciia bdn vdi dgn sinh trudng D va H rdt rd ret, sau 1 nam va 1,5 nam, dnh hudng cua Agri - stabi dgn sinh trudng cua tram (M.cajuputy) vdn ldn han so vdi cac cong thirc bon v6i, nhung chdm Iai. Ngu tinh binh qudn 3 nghiem thiic vg ndng dp bdn thi H tang dugc khodng 1,5%, D tang dugc 9,7%.
+ Doi vdi cay tram (M. leucadendra) Khdc vdi M.cajuputy, anh hudng cua Agri - stabi dgn sinh trudng D va H chua ro ret ngay sau 1 nam trdng.
+ Voi lodi E.camadulensis
Anh hudng ciia bdn Agri - stabi dgn sinh trudng thdy rd khi trdng 1 ndm tudi d6i vdi Bach dan (E.camaldulensis), dnh hudng dd gidm ddn theo thdi gian va neu tinh trung binh cac thi nghiem thiic vg ndng dp bdn thi H tdng dugc 2.8% va D tang dugc 4,2%.
+ Vdi loai E. tereticornis.
Anh hudng cua Agri - stabi chua thdy rd ret vdi sinh trudng.
Vg so sanh cdc ndng dp bdn Agri - Stabi chua thdy cd su khac biet den sinh trudng ciia tdt cd cac loai, cd thg chgnh lech vg nong dp bon giira cac thi nghiem chua nhigu.
Nhin chung, doi vdi sinh trudng cdy, thi vai trd Clia Agri - stabi da cd dnh hudng cho 2 Ioai M.cajuputy va E.camaldulensis, nhung miic dnh hudng chua nhieu.
3.2. Anh hvtang cua Agri - stabi va vol den pH ciia nirdc trong kenh
Chi sd pH trong kenh tai khu vuc thi nghiem dugc theo doi trong thdi gian trudc khi trdng, sau khi trdng 15 ngay, 1 ndm vd 1,5 nam, ket qua dugc ghi nhdn trong bang 4.
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Tgp chi KHLN 2014 Pham The Dung etat., 2014(3)
Bang 4. Chi so pH nuoc trong kenh khu thi nghiem
Cong thijc TN
S2
S3
S4
SI
Tho-i gian do
- Tnrpc l<hi tring (thang 1/2003) -15 ngay sau khi tring (thang 1/2003) - Thang 6/2003
-Thang 1/2004 - Thang 7/2004
- Tnroc khi tring (Ihang 1/2003) -15 ngay sau khi tring (thang 1/2003) - Thang 6/2003
- Thang 1/2004 - Thang 7/2004
- Tru-ffc khi tring (thang 1/2003) - 16 ngay sau khi trong (thang 1/2003) - Thang 6/2003
- Thang 1/2004 - Thang 7/2004 - Thang 1/2004 - Thang 7/2004
Agri - stabi Tram Melaleuca
3.60 3,67 4,76 4,83 5,74 3,59 3,71 5,12 4,94 6,24 3,59 3,80 5,32 4,46 6,27 6,03 4,74
Bgch dan Eucalyptus 3,61 3,76 4,81 5,14 6,01 3,60 3,78 6,09 5,27 6,41 3,69 3,81 6,58 5,45 6,48 5,11 6,01
Vol Tram Melaleuca
3,69 3.67 4,28 4,87 4,45 3,60 3,80 5,09 4,42 4,62 3,60 3,81 5,14 4.21 6,10
4,46
Bgch dan Eucalyptus 3.60 3.68 6,92 4,66 5,42 3,59 3,81 6,23 4,72 4,61 3,59 3,82 6,54 4,80 5,33
5,42
Bang tren cho thay do chua cua nuac trong kenh da giam rat ro sau mpt nam thi nghiem.
6 cac cong thiic S2, S3 va S4, chi s5 pH cao nhfa dugc do vao thang 2 /2004 la 5,14; 5,27 va 5,45 trong khi do vao thang 1/2003 (1 nam truoc do) cac diem do tucmg img co chi s6 pH la 3,59; 3,59 va 3,59.
Chi si pH do thang 6/2003 va thang 7/2004 CO gia tri cao nhat so vcri chi s6 pH do vao thang 1, dieu nay dugc giai thich boi miia mua bat dau vao thang 6 - 7, ndng do phen trong dat dugc rua troi vao nuac trong kenh.
Dieu ghi nh|in la 6 tk ca cac thi nghiem, chi so pH cua dat da dugc cai thien khi dung Agri - stabi so voi bon voi.
IV. KET LUAN, KIEN NGHI 4.1. Ket luan
- Ve sinh truong cay tram va bach dan:
Sinh truang cua Tram (M.cajuputy) va Bach dan (E.camadulensis) nai c6 sir dung chat Agri - Stabi deu cho sinh truong cay t6t hon so voi bon voi, trong khi a hai loai con lai (M.leucadendra va E. tereticornis) thi tac dung chua ro ret.
- Ve do chua cua nuac trong kenh giiia cac liep dat cho thiy dp chua noi thi nghiem bon Agri - Stabi da co tac dung giam do chua dang ke. Dieu nay khong chi co lgi cho sinh trucmg Clia cay ma con co dieu kien cai thien moi truong song cho cac loai thuy sinh nai len ffip dat de trong rung.
- Ve nong do bon Agri - stabi: nen ap dung nong do tit 5 - 7% theo trgng lugng dit 6 ting dit mat (0 - 10cm) cho tr5ng tram va bach dan tren dat phen.
f ! H I L 2 j £ D u n g etat., 2014(3) Tgp chi KHLN 2014
- Bon sau 0,1m vol nong dp 0,2% va bon rai Agri - stabi la chat moi dugc thu nghiem lin tren be mat chua cho ket qua mong muon, can dau 6 Viet Nam, can co thai gian nghien cuu nghien cilu tiep. tiip dk iam bao cac chi s6 an toan khac vS , , ,,.x nioi trucmg truoc khi ap dung rons rai.
4.2. Kien nghi . = o TAI LIEU THAJM KHAO
i Do Dinh Sam and Nguyen Ngoc Binh, 1999, Evaluation of potential use of forest land in the Mekong river delta. Agriculture publishing house, Ha noi.
2 Forest Science Sub - Instimte (FSSIV) - Japan Intemational cooperation Agency (JICA), 2002. Technology guideline for Melaleuca and Eucalyptus afforestation on acid sulphate soil in the Mekong delta. Agriculture publishing house.
3. Yuka sangyo Co., Ltd, 2002. Stabi - P, Stabi - S, Stabi - O, Product manual,
Ngiroi thim dinh.- PGS.TS. Ngo Dinh Qui
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