m.
^ CONG NGHE
Giai phap tich hdp xay difng he^thong cung cap anh quang canh 360 do dudng pho Ha Npi
(Tiep theo sd 4/20121
Nguyin Chi Cong - Nguydn Hal Chau - Nguyin Nggc Hiia Cac thanh phan cua mdt he thdng anh quang
canh 360 do
De eung d p anh quang d n h 360 dd trgc tuyln tren Internet, hg thdng ndy d n phli ed nhdng thanh phln chinh sau:
Phan mem thu ttidp ddiieu anh, ddlieu dia ly vd du' lieu md ta mdt each nhanh gpn, chinh xdc, Cac phan mem hd f p xd ly anh thu thgp dupe vd nhCmg dd lidu dia ly, md ta; lUu tixfdudi nhDhg dmh dang phii hpp vdi phln mIm hien thi, Phdn mem hiln thi anh quang d n h 360 dp cd eac tinh nang tiJOng tac vdi ngudi sd dgng ttidng qua trinh duyet Web, xem anh, phdng to, thu nhd anh, thay ddi gdc nhin va hudng nhin anh, ed cac dilm hotspot de "di chuyen" blng each nhan ehudt hoae sd dung bdn phim.
He ttidng ti'ch hop anh quang d n h 360 dd vdi thdng tin dia ly va tiidng tin md ta, Vdl cdc he thdng cd sd luong anh Idn, d n ed giai phap hoan ehinh de quan ly ddlieu anh, dd lieu dia ly vd md ta mdt edch hieu qua, Giai phdp tich hop he thdng eung d p anh quang eanh 360 dd dUdng phd Hd Ndi Thu nhgn dd lieu anh vd tiln xd ly Dd lieu anh quang canh 360 dp ed the dUOc thu nhan theo ba phUPng phdp chinh [13, 14]. Phuang phdp thd nhat do hang Apple edng bd, sd dung 6 anh ehup mdt dia diem theo hinh khdi lap phUPng. Day Id phuong phap ed dien nhat, hien nay khdng cdn dUOe sd dung nhilu.
Phuong phap thd hai, thudng dUOc sd dung nhilu nhat, do la ehup nhilu anh lien tilp, sau dd sd dung mdt phdn mIm dae biet de ghep cdc anh da ehup de tgo ra anh quang d n h 360 dd. Uu diem eija phuong phap nay la ehat lUOng anh cao, d l thuc hidn, Tuy nhien phuong phap ndy ed nhuoe diem ehinh la nd khdng thich hop eho ede ddi tUOng ehuyen ddng trong anh. Do mdi anh trong day anh hen t i l p dupe ehup vao mdt thdi diem khac nhau nen rat khd ghep duoc cdc ddl tuong chuyen ddng mdt each chinh xac.
Bieu nay ddn sgtdn kem ve thdi gian khi xd ly dirlieu anh.
Phuong phdp thd nhlt vd thd hai cd ehung mdt nhgpc dilm nda, dd Id nggdi chgp anh thddng phdi sd dgng chdn mdy Inh (tnpod) d l chgp tgi mdi dja dilm; ddng thdi tde dd di chuyin td d|a dilm ndy sang dja dilm khdc khd thdp do tgi mdi dilm phdi ehgp nhilu Inh. Do dd vdl cdc hg thdng d n thu thdp sd lupng Idn dnh, hai phUPng phdp ndy td ra khdng thich hpp.
PhUPng phdp thU ba Id sd dgng mdt mdy dnh (hodc mdy quay video) ddc biet d l thu nhdn anh Mdy Inh ndy cd nhilu dng kinh [16,17]
dupc ddng bd vdi nhau vd cd kha ndng thu nhdn mdi anh 360 do theo chieu ngang tai mdt thdi diem May anh ndy ed the g i n len ndc xe d td hodc xe mdy de thu nhan anh khi xe chay tren dudng phd. Day Id giai phdp duoe Google sddung trong he thdng Google StreetView, NhUPc dilm chinh ciJa giai phap nay la gia eiia mdy anh tuong ddi eao, td 10,0005 den 60,000S,
Hinh 5. Thu nhan anh 360 dg bing may anh din dijng va gifdng cau loi: a) GUdng cau Idi 0-360 cua hang 0-360.com, b) May anh dan diing Canon EOS 500D va dng kinh EF-S18- 55mm f/4.5-5.6, c) Lip gt/dng cau lot vao miy anh dan dung de W)u nhan anh 360 do.
Sau khi nghien cifu tim hieu cdc phuong phdp hien cd tren the gidi, chimg tdi sd dung mdt phuong phdp tUPng tU nhu phuong phap thd ba nhung vdi thilt bi re tiln hOn. Chiing tdi da sd dung mdt gdong cau [15] ddOc e h l tao dac biet de cd the gan vao edc mdy anh sd dan dung nhu Canon EOS 500D [3]. Cach sd dung thiet bi nay de thu ddac anh quang d n h 360 dd dUoe minh hoa trong Hinh 5,
Hinh 6 Hinh anh ch{ip qua miy anh dan dung kit hdp vdl gUdng cau loi Anh sau khi dupc ehup qua guong chu co dgng nhu trdn Hinh 6 eln dUoe tien xiJ ly de dua ve dang thdng thudng. Chiing tdi da xay dgng mpt module cija he tiidng sddung biln ddi Hough de tg ddng xdc dmh tam eua dng kinh mdy anh sau dd bien ddi anh v l dang nhg Hinh 7. Phgpng phdp thu thap anh do chiing tdi d l xuat cd Uu diem chinh Id tiiilt bi gon nhe, re tiln vd cd the gdn vao nhieu loai camera, dng kinh khae nhau.
Hinh 7. Hinh anh sau kbi xQ ly
T5 chdc Cd sd dd lieu luu tru anh, thong tin dja ly va ttidng tin mo ta
Oe quan tn toan bd ba loai thdng tin eiia he thdng anh quang eanh va tUong tac vdi ngUcP sd dgng qua trinh duyet V/eb, ehiing tdi sif dung mdt he quan tn ndi dung ma ngudn mi lam nen tang. Tren eo sd dd, phat fien tiiem cdc module mcrt de dap dng eac yeu elu eiJa he thdng anh quang eanh 360 dd. Chiing tdi da lua chon va phat tnen anh quang canh tren hai nln tang quan f i ndi dung Id Drupal 6.x [20] va V/ordpress [21] Trong phdn nay, ehung tdi tap trung trinh bay kit qua phat tnen tren Drupal 6.x.
Drupal Id mdt he quan f i ndi dung ma nguon md duoc Dnes Buytaert khdi xUdng tif nam-.
Drupal bat ddu dUoe sd dung rdng rai tren Internet td phien ban 5.x. Hien nay Drupal co cdc phien ban 4.x, 5.x, 6.x vd 7.x. Trong do cde phi§n ban 6.x va 7.x dang dupe cong ddng Drupal hd tro chinh thde. NgUdi sil
d«> o lAecNriMHoriH,,- s 6 -
'mk
dung eae phien ban 4.x vd 5.x dUPc khuyin cao ndng cap len 6.x hoae 7.x.
Drupal duoe thiet ke theo kieu modular, trong dd nhdm phdt tnen ehinh eua D. Buytaert chiu trdeh nhiem chinh v l phdn loi eua Drupal.
Phln idi ciJa Drupal thUe hien cdc nhiem vu CP ban nhat cda mpt he quan tri ndi dung:
Quan ly ngUdi sd dung, quan Iy cdc module, quan ly ma trgn quyIn truy egp, quan ly tin bai, binh lugn, dien dan, quan ly phdn lgi tin bdi v.v. Tit ea edc tinh nang khdng ed trong loi cd the ddpc md rpng, xly dung blng each Vilt ede module mdi cho Drupal. Cdc module mdi sau khi hodn thdnh se dupe khai bdo vd ti'ch hpp vao Drupal, bd sung cac ti'nh nang mdi eho he thdng.
Cdc module mdi giao tiep vdi Idi Drupal thdng qua cdc hdm hook. Mdt module dSc trung ciia Drupal dUOC viet blng PHP, ttiUcmg bao gdm cdc ham sau:
Ham mo ta kilu tin bai cho module mdi cua Drupal
Ham nhap dd lieu cho module. Drupal gia sd mdt cdch nglm dmh Id mdi module mdi ed mdt loai tin bai men tiiong Ung. Hdm nhdp dd lieu eho module <tenmodule>_form cho phep ngucn lap finh tgo mdt form de nhdp dd lieu cho module mdi etja minh vdi edc ttidng tin v l cde trUOng dd lieu cdn nhap va mdt sd rang budc mdc so khai nhu kieu dd lieu vd dd dai trudng. Kem theo hookjorm, Drupal cung cap hdm hook_validate de kiem f a dd lieu mpt each chi tilt hon vd theo yeu cdu cua ngUdi lap finh.
Cde hdm giao tiep vdi eO sd dd lieu. Drupal cung d p cde hdm sau: hookjnsert, hook_delete, hook.update tuong dng thuc hien edc todn td insert, delete, update vdi co sd dd lieu. Cde ham nay, ngoai viec thuc hien cac thao tac co sd dU lieu cua ngudi sd dung, cdn ed ehde nang thao tae vdi ede don vi luu trd CO ban cija Drupal Id node. Viee thao tac vdi ede node hoan todn do Drupal dam nhiem vd trong sudt vdi ngudi l^p trinh phdt trien.
Ham dmh nghia viec hien thi cua node mdi:
hook.view.
Nlu module cua Drupal cdn tgo mdt hoac nhilu bang mdi trong CSDL, ta can dmh nghia trong ma ngudn cua Drupal. Tat d cac thao tae, dinh nghla vdi CSDL deu dupe thdng qua mdt tdng abstraction eiia Drupal
de ehiing cd the dp di,jng tren nhieu loai he quan tri CSDL ngudn md. Hien tgi Drupal hd trp MySQL, PostgreSQL va MariaDB.
Chiing tdi bit dlu thgc hipn d l tai td ndm 2009 va bdt dau phdt f iln eai dgt phdn mIm Inh 360 dd td ndm 2010. Tai thdi dd, Drupal 6.x dang Id phien ban hien hdnh vd Drupal 7.x dang 6 giai doan phdt tnIn alpha.
Do dd ehiing tdi da iga chpn Drgpal 6.x lam nln tang de phdt fien. Tgi thdi dilm 2011, Drupal 7.x Id phien ban hien tgi nhung chua dn dmh vd cdn tuong ddi nhilu Idi an ninh, do dd Chung tdi ehUa nang d p nen tdng phdt tnen.
Tuong tdc vdl ngudi sd dung vd ban dd He thdng eung cap dnh quang anh 360 dd f Ue tuyln fen Internet se duoc tich hpp dga tren md hinh kien f iic tdng the minh hoa trong hinh 8 sau day.
Hmh 8. Kien true he thong anh quang canh 360 dp
De hien thi anh quang canh 360 do, ehung tdi sddung lai mdt module md ngudn md la PTViewer dUOc vilt fen Java [22]. Module ndy ed cdc tinh nang hien thi anh quang dnh 360 dp va eae tinh nang tUPng tde: phdng to thu nhd anh (zoom), thay ddi hUOng vd gde nhin, xoay anh (panning) theo dilu khiln eiia ngudi sd dung hoac tu ddng, cd the dinh nghTa ede diem hotspot de ngp anh mdi trong qud trinh xem, tgo cam gidc nhU mpt tua du lich ao cho ngudi sd dung.
Mae du PTViewer cd cdc tinh nang hdu ich ndi tren nhung nd khdng dap img duoe hoan toan cdc yeu cau cua chUPng trinh hien thi anh quang dnh cisa nhdm de tai. Chiing tdi da phat tnen tilp cac module/lidm/ehdc nang sau:
Song song vdi viee hien thj mdi anh quang eanh, he thdng edn phai hien thi vi tri dia tdOng dng tren ban dd true tuyen de thdng bdo cho ngudi sd dung ve thdng tin dia ly eua
anh. Do dd ehiing tdi da phdt tnen module giao tiep PTViewer vdi Google Map API.
Song song vdi vipc hien th| thdng tin dia ly, thdng tin md ta v l dia dilm ehup anh (vi du Vdn Mieu la f udng dai hpc ddu tien eua Vipt Nam) neu cd se dUPc hien thi cho ngudi sd dgng nhlm tdng them mdc dp phong phu cCia thdng tin. De thge hipn ydg cdu ndy, chiing tdi phdt tnen module nhdn yeu d u td PTViewer, giao tilp vdi server qua AJAX vd tra lai thdng tin md ta cho ngUdi sd dgng.
o l tgo d m gidc ngudi sddgng dang dUPC di
"dg hch do", viee thay ddi anh hiln thi trdn PTViewer phai ddpc tron tru vd khdng hiln thj lgi ede phan khdc cCia trang web. Chiing tdi da thue hien ehde nang nay cua he thdng thdng qua giao tiep AJAX gida server va client
Kdt qua thul nghiem
Hinh 9. Giao dien chinh cua he thdng anh quang canh 360 dp. (1) giao didn eho phep ngudi sd dung tdOng tac vdi anh' phdng to, thu nhd, thay ddi hudng nhin, chuyen sang anh khac qua cae diem hotspot; (2) giao didn tuong tac vdi ban dd va hien thi vi tri dia ly tuong ifng; (3) cac chdc nang quan tri va nhap dd lieu vao he thdng; (4) diem hotspot cho phep "di chuyen" tdi cac anh quang canh khdc.
'Chimg tdi da thu ttidp dUOc mdt sd luong Idn anh tai Hd Ndi. Mpt sd giao dien ehinh cua he thdng eung d p anh quang dnh 360 dp vdi dd lieu thu thap tgi Qudc Td Gidm, Ha Ndi vdo nam 2010 ddpe md ta tren cdc Hinh 9, Hinh lOvd Hinh 11.
Hinh 10. Giao dien nhap dUtieu cua h$ thdng anh quang canh 360 do (1) Form nhap dQiieu nam dgiUa; (2) Tien ich trd giup nhap/^ieu chinh do lieu dia iy; (3) Tien ich tra giup nhip vi tri eae diem hotspot tien anh quang canh;
(4) Tien ich tragiup nhap vi tri eae anh lan ein cua anh quang canh hien tai.
Hinh 11. Giao diin quan tn cua he thdng anh quang eanh 360 do.
TAPCHITIN HOC NGAN HANG • SO 5(129) • 7/2012 • 3 7
'mw////////////M/^^^
m
CONG NGHEKet luan
He thdng eung d p anh quang canh da dupc chimg tdi nghidn cifu vd xdy dung thanh edng trong hai ndm 2009-2011 trong khudn khd d l tai "Nghien edu xay dung hp thdcig cung d p dnh quang eanh 360 dd dudng phd Ha Ndi tren ban dd trpe tuyen", Vi$n Ong dgng Cdng ngh$.
Bd Khoa hpc Cdng ngh$. Hd thdng ndy dang dupc v^n hdnh thii nghi$m tr6n internet vdi k i t qua tdt. Hd thdng cd the dupe tilp tyc phdt triln thdnh sdn phlm d mdc eao hon neu cd dupe cde thiet bi thu nh^n dnh quang d n h cd chit Idpng eao hon vd tde dd thu tiiap ddlipu nhanh hon.
Tdi li|u tham khio
1 G. Bradski, A. Kaehler, Learning OpenCV Compuler vision with the OpenCV li- brary, O'Reilly Media, 2008
1. J. Shaw, John Shaw's Closejps m Nature (Practical Photography Books), Am- photo Books, 1st edition, 1987
3 Canon Inc., EOS Rebel Tli, EOS 5000 instrucbon manual, 4 M Shil, Ttie Definitive Guide to ImageMagick, Apress, 2005 5. J K VanDyk, Pro Drupal devetopment, 2nd edition, Apress, 2008.
6 htlp //sourcetorge.net/projecls/opencv 7, htlpy/highscalabilily.com/Kickr-archileclure 8 httpy/maps google,com 9. hitpy/mapjack com 10 http//www fotocalle com U . httpV/Vftvw.imagemagick Ofg
12. htt|) //www. graph icsmagick.org 13. hllp;//eri wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama 14, htto;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramic_photograpby 15, htlo;//www,0 360.com
16,http'//www ptgrey.coni/products/1adybug2/ladybug2_360_wdeo_camera as 0
17, http;//www,immersivemediacom/img/pagel05/lM_TechSpecDo- deca.t 20808 pdl
IS littp//www krpano.com 19. htlp //aws amazon.coiTt/simpledb/
20. hit p://www. drupal .org 21. http;//www.wordpress.com 22. http //www fsott.il/panorama/ptviewer hdn
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HANG* SO 5 ( t 2 9 l 7/2012