33(3): 15-21 Tap chi SINH HOC 9-201
DAN
LIEU BU^CIC DAU VE
THANHPHAN LOAl CON TRUNCil NUOC 6 VUNG
HAI VAN, TINH THUA THIEN HUEHai Van la \iiiig co tinh da dang sinh hoc cao, d da> co nhi(§u kicHi sinh canh khac nhau, tir dam pha ven hien den rimg nui cao hiem trd.
Cac sudi d phia Bac chay theo hirdng BSc dd \ ao dam pha viing ho bien o phia Nam ciia tinh Thira Thien Hue. Cac sudi o phia Nam chay vi phia Nam cua dec Hai Van thudc thanh phd Da NSng. Theo dd, be thdng khe sudi d day la diiu kien thuan lgi cho nhdm ddng vat thuy sinh phat trien phong phu va da dang, dac biet la nhdm cdn triing nu'dc. Cho den nay, viec nghien ciiu thanh phSn loai cdn trung nude thudc cac thuy vuc d nude ta cdn rat han che do cac chuyen gia nghien cdu vi ITnh viic nay qua ft, mdi dugc hinh thanh tir sau nam 2000 [1, 2, 5, 8-10, 14]. Dac biet, chua cd nghien cdu ve cdn trirng nude d viing Hai Van, tinh Thiia Thien Hue.
Bai bao nay cdng bd ket qua nghien cuu
HOANd DINH TRlINt;, LE TROWJ SON
I rlidng dell hoc Khoa line, Dai hoc Hue
MAI IMIl QUY
1 /('/; ,S7/;// thdi vd iai iigiivcii sinh vai hii'oc ddu vc thanh phdn loai con triing nude tai
\ ung Hiii Viin, gop phiin cung cap mdt so din lieu mdi vc khu he cdn trimg nude Viet Nam.
L PHiroNc; PHAP N ( ; H I E N ( I ll
Ddi tugng nghien ciru la 4 bd cdn trung nude: bo Phu du (Ephemeroptera), bd Canh Idng (Trichoptera), bd Canh up (Plecoptera) va bd Chudn chudn (Odonata).
Tien hanh lira chgn 7 diem thu mdu tren ban dd dia hlnh de bao dam tinh dai dien cao d vung nghien ctiu (hinh 1). Cac dilm thu mdu va dac diem thiiy virc dugc trinh bay trong bang 1. Thdi gian nghien cuu tiif thang 2 nam 2009 de'n thang 10 nam 2010. Khao sat thu mdu ngoai tiJ nhien theo cac ngay dau ctia thang le nam 2009 va ciia thang chdn nam 2010 tai cac thiiy vuc viing nghien ciiru.
Bdng I Dia diem thu mau cdn triing d vung Hai Van
Dia diem Sudi Bach Xa Sudi cdu Ong Huy Deo Hai Van
Thdn Hdi Diia, xa Lgc Hai, huyen Phu Lgc Thdn Hdi Mit, xa Lgc Hai, huyen Rni Lgc Xa Lgc Thuy, huyen Phii Loc
Xa Lgc Thuy, huyen Phu Loc
Dac diem thuy vuc
Do sau 30 cm, chieu rdng 6 m. N6n day la cat mjn chiem uu the cd xen Idn da cudi. Ddy la noi thudng didn ra cac boat ddng sinh hoat CLia ngudi dan nhu tdm riia, giat giu quan do...
Do sdu 36 cm, ch\i\x rdng 4 m. Nen day la cat xen Idn da cudi va sdi, Idng dgng nhiSu chat hifu ca ngudn gdc tir thtJc vat
Do sau 42 cm, chi6u rdng 7 m. Nen day chii yeu la da cudi Idn Do sdu 28 cm, chieu rdng 4 m, nhi6u nai tao thanh cac gh6nh, thac. Nen day gdm nhidu tang da Idn
Do sau 37 cm, chidu rdng 6 m. Nen day chii ye'u la da cd kfch thudc trung binh xen Idn cac tang da Idn
Do sau 35 cm, chieu rdng 4,5 m. Nen day la cac tang da Idn Do sau 23 cm, chieu rdng 3 m. Nen day chti ye'u la cac tang da Idn
Ky hieu Ml M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7
< ' I I I I < ; i A i
'Vx ' » . .
^l-
^^r^f'^x."'^-'!-^-.-*'
5', ^ : ' ^ M 7
I !• I ) , \ N , \ N C ,
h l l t H i w i l m a
I I M N I ) l i i i v 1 i | ( N I ) M l
t l i n i n g > > I M I I ' ! • .
Hinh I. Sadd vi uicac clicni ihu man cdn triing nude vung Hai Van Mdu vat ngoai tu nhidn dugc thu tbaii theo
phutmg phap didu tra cdn triing nude cua Dang Nggc Tiianh va nnk. (1980), Quynh, N. X. va nnk. (2004) [3, 12]. Cac mdu djnh tinh dugc thu bdng vgt cdm tay (hand net, mdt ludi 0,2 mm) va thu mdu dinh lugng bdng vgt surber (surber net, 50 cm X 50 cm). Vide thu mdu dugc thtic hien ca nai nude ddng cung nhu nude chay, d ven bd sudi va cay thuc vat thiiy sinh. Cac dac diem vd vi trf thu mdu: nhiet do khdng khi, nhiet do nude, chidu rdng, do sSu ciia doan sudi thu mdu, cac ddc didm vd thuc vdt ven bd, nen day dugc xem xet. Mdu vat, sau khi thu dugc ngoai tiJ nhien, dugc bao quan bdng cdn 80%. Tat ca vdt mdu sau khi dinh loai, dugc phdn tach mdu thanh cac phenon, danh ma sd va luu giir d phdng thf nghidm Tai nguyen Mdi trudng, khoa Sinh hgc, trudng dai hgc Khoa hgc Hud.
Mdu vat duoc dinh loai dua trdn cac tai lidu:
Cao T. K. T. (2002), Dang Nggc Thanh (1967),
Dang Ngoc Thanh vii nnk. (1980), Kluge N. J.
(2011), Hoang D. H. (2005). Michael Quigley (1993). Nguyen V. V (2003), Nguyen V V va nnk. (2{X)3. 2004). Quynh N.X.va nnk.
(2004), Thi Kim Thu Cao va nnk. (2008) [1-5, 7- 10, 12, 14].
De danh gia miifc do gdn gui giira thanh phdn loai cdn triing nude tai viing Hai Vdn, tinh Thira Thidn Hud' vdi mdt so thiiy vuc khac d Viet Nam, chiing tdi sii dung cdng thuc Sorencen (1948):
S=2C/(A-t-B).
Trong dd: S. He so gdn gui cda 2 khu he; A.
So loai ciia khu he A; B. So loai ciia khu he B;
C. So loai chung ciia 2 khu he.
H. KKT Ql A VA THAO LC.\N
\. Danh luc va caiu true thanh phan loai Bdng 1 Danh luc thanh phan loai cdn trung nude d vung Hai Van (2/2009 -10/2010)
s
TT
1 2 3
Ten khoa hgc Diem thu m^u
Ml M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 1V17 BoPHUDU EPHEMEROPTERA
1. Baetidae Acentrella sp.
Baetis posti tai us S'dy. 1934
Baetis sp. 1 -1-
+
-¥
•¥ -t-
-1-
+
-H
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Baetis sp.2 Baetis sp.3 Baetis sp.4
2. Potamanthidae
Potamanthus formosus Eaton, 1892 Potamanthus sp.l
Potamanthus sp.2
Rhoenanthus obscusrus Sodan & Putz, 2000 Rhoenanthus speciosiis Sedan & Putz, 2000 3. Heptagenidae
Asionurus primus Braasch & Soldan, 1986 Cinygmula subaequalis Banks, 1914
Ecdyonurus cervina Braasch & Soldan 1984 Ecdyomirus landai Braasch & Soldan 1984 Epeorus vitreus Navas. 1943
Heptagenia piilla Clemens, 1913 Rhithrogena parva Ulmer, 1912 Stenonema e.xiguum Traver, 1933 Thalerosphyrus sp.
4. Leptophlebiidae
Habrophbiodes prominens Ulmer, 1939 5. Ephemeridae
Drunella perculta Allen, 1971 Ephemera duporti LestSige, 1921 Ephemera innotata Navas, 1930 Hexagenia limbata Spieth, 1941 Bg CANH UP - PLECOPTERA 6. Perlidae
Acroneuria bachma Cao & Bae, 2007 Acroneuria magnifica Cao & Bae, 2007 Acroneuria sp.
Neoperlops vietnamellus Cao & Bae, 2006 Togoperla noncoloris Du et Chou, 1999 7. Chloroperlidae
Chloroperla torrentium Pictet, 1841 8. Leuctridae
Leuctra geniculata Linnaeus, 1758 Leuctra sp.
9. Nemouridae
Amphinemura delosa Ricker, 1952 Amphinemura sinensis Chu, 1928 Neumora cintipes Hagen, 1897
-1- -1-
4-
-1-
-h -1- -1- -1- -1-
-1- -1- -V
+
-1-
-1-
+
+
-1-
-1- -1- -1-
-1-
-1-
-t-
-1-
4-
-1- -1-
-1-
-1-
-1-
+ +
-1-
+ + +
-1- -1- -1-
+
+
-1-
-1- -1-
+
-\-
+
+
-\-
+
-1- -1- -1-
+
-1- -1- -1-
-1-
-1-
-1-
-f-
4-
-1-
+
-1- -1- -1-
-1-
-1-
+
-1- -1-
+
-1- -1-
-1- -1- 4- -1- -1-
-1- -1- -1-
-1-
-1- -1-
-(-
-1- -1-
-1-
-1-
-1- 4- -1-
-1-
+
-1-
-1-
-1- -1-
-1-
-1- 4-
-H 4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
4- -1- 4- 4-
4- 4- 4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
4-
4- 4-
4-
37 38 39 40 41 42 43
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
BgCANH l/)NG TRU HOPTERA 10. Stenopsychidae
Stenopsychc siamcnsis Martynov, 1931 11. Hydropsychidae
Hydropsychc napaca Mcy. 1996 Polymorphanistis sp.
Potamyia flavata Banks. 19.U 12. Rhyacophilidae
Rhyacophila olahi Arniitage & Arclila, 2003 Rhyacophila sp.
13. Brachycentridae
Brachyccntri numcrosus Mcy, 1997 Bd (HUON C H I I 6 N - ODONATA 14. Euphaeidae
Anisoplcura sp.
15. Libellulidae
Brachydipla.x chalyhca Brauer, 1868 Nannophya pygnea (Wilson 1995) Pseudotherniis sp.
16. Macromiidae
Epophthalmia elegans (Brauer. 1865) Macromia sp.
17. Gomphidae
Labrogomphus torvus Needham, 1931 Megalogomphus icterops (Martin, 1902) Merogomphus paviei Martin, 1904
Orientogomphus armatus Chao & Xu, 1987
4-
4- 4- 4-
4- 4-
4-
4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
4- 4- 4- 4-
4-
4-
+
4-
4-
4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
4-
4- 4-
-V +
4
4-
4-
4- 4- 4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4-
4- 4-
4-
4-
4-
4- 4-
4- 4-
4-
4-
4-
4- 4-
4-
4-
•
+
+ +
+
+
+
4
Ghi chu: (+). Cd mat.
Da xac dinh dugc 53 loai cdn triing nude tai vung Hai Vdn, bao gdm: bd Phu du cd 25 loai thudc 16 gidng, 5 hg; bd Canh iip cd 11 loai thudc 7 gidng, 4 hg; bd Canh Idng cd 7 loai thudc 7 gidng va 4 hg; bd Chudn chudn cd 10 loai thudc 10 gidng, 4 hg (bang 1).
Thanh phdn loai cdn trung nude thu dugc tai viing Hai Van ddu la nhuug hg cd ngudn gdc sdng d cac sudi rimg mua nhiet ddi. Cdu true thanh phdn loai tao ndn tfnh dac trung cho hd sinh thai (bang 2).
Trong tong sd 53 loai cdn trung nude thu dugc d viing Hai Van, bd Phii du cd sd hg, gidng, loai uu thd'nha't, vdi 5 hg (chiem 29,41%
tong sd hg), 16 gidng (chiem 40% tong sd gidng), 25 loai (chie'm 47,17% tong sd loai).
Tiep ddn la cac bd cd sd hg, gidng. loai giam ddn: bd Canh up cd 4 hg (chiem 23.53% tdng s6' hg), 7 gidng (chiem 17,50 ^.'i tdng sd gidng), 11 loai (chiem 20,75'/c tdng sd loai); bd Canh long cd 4 hg (chiem 23,53'7( tdng sd hg), 7 gidng (chiem 17,50% tdng sd gidng), 7 loai (chid'm 13,20'7c tdng sd loai); bd Chudn chudn cd 4 hp (chiem 23,53^;^ tong sd hg), 10 gid'ng (chi^m 257c tdng sd gid'ng). 10 loai (chiem 18,87%
tdng sd loai).
Thanh phdn loai cdn trung nude tai viing Hai van kha da dang v^ cac bac taxon. O mdi bac taxon, cac nhdm cd sd' lugng nhieu va dac tning cho qudn xa dugc ggi la nhdm un the. Dd la 3 hg Heptagenidae, Gomphidae, Baetidae va 3
Bdng 2 Sd lugng bo, ho,
Ten bo
Ephemeroptera
Plecoptera
Trichoptera
Odonata
Tdng so'
Ten ho Potamanthidae
Heptagenidae
Leptophlebiidae Ephemeridae Baetidae Perlidae Chloroperlidae Leuctridae Nemouridae Stenopsychidae Hydropsychidae Rhyacophilidae Brachycentridae Euphaeidae Libelluhdae Macromiidae
Gomphidae
17
gidng va Sd loai
5
9
1 4 6 5 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 2
4
53
loai con trung nude d vung Hai Van Tyle
(%) 9,43
16,98
1,89 7,54 11,32
9,43 1,89 3,77 5,67 1,89 5,67 3,77 1,89 1,89 5,66 3,77
7,54
100
Ten gidng Potamanthus Rhoenanthus Asionurus Ecdyonurus Stenonema Thalerosphyrus Heptagenia Cinygmula Rhithrogena Ereorus
Habrophbiodes Ephetnera Hexagenia Drunella Acentrella Baetis Neoperlops Togoperla Acroneuria Chloroperla Leuctra Neumora Amphinemura Stenopsyche Polymorphanisus Potamyia
Hydropsychc Rhyacophila Brachyccntri Anisoplcura Brachydiplax Nanophya Pseudothermis Macromia Epophthalmia Orientogomphu s
Labrogomphus Merogomphus Megalogomphus
40
So loai
3 2 1 2
2
5
2 2
2
53
Tyle (%) 5,66 3,77 1,89 3,77 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 3,77 1,89 1,89 1,89 9,43 1,89 1,89 5,66 1,89 3,77 1,89 3,77 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 3,77 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 1,89 100
2. Mdi quan he thanh phan loai con triing nude tai viing Hai Van so vdi cac thiiy vuc khac (if Viet Nam
Cac cdng trinh da cdng bd vc cdn (rung nude d Viol Nam hicn nay taj-) trung chii yen (V bd Phil du (Ephcnicroptcra) vit bo Canh. up (Plecoptera). Cho don na\. chua co nhicu cong bd day dii vo thanh phan loai mang linh dial tdng hap khu be. vi vay. khi so sanh liiih gan giii thanh phan loai cdn trung lurcVc (V viing H;ii Van so \di cac thii\ virc khac o' Viel Nam c6 phan han che.
Bang 3 cho tluiy, so lugng loai cdn Irung iiirdc d \iing Hai Van tucrng iloi phong phii so
\'(Vi vung \cn \irdn quoc eia (VQG) Bach Ma nhmig kem da dang ban so \(Vi cac tluiy vuc
khiic d midn Bdc Vidt Nam. Trong dd, thanh phdn loiii cdn trung nude vCing Hai Van cd quan he gdn gui cao nhd't vdi viing ven Bach Ma va dugc th^ hicn thdng qua hd sd gdn gui Idn (S = 0,23). Didu nay cd the dugc giai thich bdi hai thiiy vuc nay cd dicu kidn ttJ nhien, mdi trudng sdng lUctng ddi gid'ng nhau, ddu ndm trdn ciing dai dia ly H;ii Vdn Bach Ma ciia day nui Trung Truirng San. Khi hai thiiy vuc cd sd loai chung cang nhicu thi didu dd chirng td cac tinh chd't thiiy ly, thuy hda ciia chiing rdt tuang ddng vdi nhau. Trong sd 145 loai cdn triing nude d VQG Tam Dao c(') 9 loai chung vdi thanh phdn loai d vung Hai Vdn, dat he sd gdn gui S = 0,09; he sd gan gui thdp nhdt S = 0,04 khi so sanh tinh tuang ddng thanh phdn loai cdn triing nude d Sa Pa vdi viing Hai Van, tinh Thira Thidn Hue.
Bdng 3 Mdi quan he thanh ph^n loai cdn triing nude tai vung Hai Van vdi cac thuy vuc khac
s
TT 1 2 3
Cac thiiy vuc
Thanh phdn loai cdn triing nude d ven VQG Bach Ma, Thira Thidn Hue Thanh phdn loai cdn trung nude d VQG Tam Dao, VTnh Phuc
Thanh phdn loai cdn triing nude d Sa Pa, Lao Cai
Tdng 42 145 216
n 11
9 12
S 0.23 0,09 0,04
Tac gia, nam cdng bd Hoang Dinh Trung, Ld Trong San, Mai Phii Quy, 2011 [6].
Nguydn Van Vinh va nnk., 2001 [11].
Sang W.J. va nnk., 2008 [13].
Ghi chii: n. la so loai chung; S. la he so Sorencen (he sd gdn gui).
Cd thd ndi, miic do gdn gui ve thanh phdn loai thiiy sinh vdt giira cac thuy vuc phu thudc rat nhidu vao didu kien sdng cda mdi trudng, hai mdi trudng sdng cang cd nhurng ddc didm, tinh chat tuang ddng nhau thi khu he ddng vdt ben trong chiing se cang gdn gid'ng nhau va ngugc lai.
in. KET LUAN
Da xac dinh dugc 53 loai cdn trung nude thudc 4 bd (bd Phii du, Canh long, Canh up va bd Chudn chudn), 17 hg va 40 gid'ng. Bg Phii du (Ephemeroptera) cd sd loai nhidu nhat vdi 25 loai (chie'm 47,17%), tiep den la bd Canh up (Plecoptera) vdi 11 loai (chiem 20,75%); bd Chudn chudn (Odonata) 10 loai (chiem 18,87%); bd Canh long (Trichoptera) vdi 7 loai (chiem 13,20%). Trong tdng sd 17 hg, cdn triing bg Phii du (Ephemeroptera) 5 hg (chid'm
29.4K/f), 16 gidng (chiem 4 0 ^ ) ; bd Canh lip (Plecoptera) 4 hg (chiem 23,53%). 7 gid'ng (chicm 17.5()'(); bd Canh long (Trichoptera) 4 hg (chiem 23.53^;n. 7 gid'ng (chiem 17,50%);
bd Chudn chudn (Odonata) 4 hg (chie'ni 23.537c). 10 giimg (chiem 25%).
Thanh phan loai cdn triing nude d viing Hai Van tuong ddi phong phu, cd he so gdn giii cao nhdt so vdi thanh p h ^ loai cdn triing nude b vung ven Bach Ma va giam ddn so vdi thanh phdn loai cdn triing nude d VQG Tam Dao va 6 SaPa.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Cao T. K. T., 2002: MSc. Thesis. Seoul Women university, Korea.
2. Dang Ngoc Thanh, 1967: Tap san Sinh vdt - Dia hoc, 6: 155-165.
D a n g Ngoc T h a n h , T h a i T r a n Bai, P h a m V a n M i e n , 1980: Dinh loai ddng vdt khdng xuang sdng nude nggt Bdc Vidt Nam, Nxb.
Khoa hgc va Ky thuat. Ha Ndi.
Kluge N. J., 2011:
spp/Contents.htm.
Insects.bio.pu.m/z/Eph- 5. H o a n g D. H., 2005: Ph.D Thesis. Seoul
Womens University, Korea.
6. H o a n g D m h T r u n g , Le T r g n g Son, Mai P h u Q u y , 2011: Bao cao khoa hgc. Hdi nghi Cdn triing hgc Qudc gia Idn thti 7. Nxb.
Ndng nghidp. Ha Ndi.
7. Michael Quigley, 1993: Key to the Invertebrate animals of streams and rivers.
8. Nguyen V. V.. 2003: Ph.D Thesis. Seoul Womens University, KcHea.
9. Nguyen V. V. and Bae Y. J., 2003: Ins.
Koreana, 20(3,4): 453-466.
10. Nguyen V. V. and Bae Y. J., 2004: The Korean Joumal of Systermatic Zoology:
215-223.
11. Nguyen V. V., Hoang D. H., Cao T. K. T., Quynh N. X. and Bae Y. J., 2001: Korean Society of Aquatic Entomol., Korea: 123-
133.
12. Quynh N. X., Yen M. D., Clive Pinder and Steve Tilling, 2004: A practical manual and Identification key for use in Vietnam, Darwin initiative, field studies council, U.K. 100 pp.
13. Sang W. J., Nguyen V. V., Nguyen Q. H.
and Bae Y. J., 2008: Limnology, 9: 219-229.
14. Thi Kim Thu Cao, Van Vinh Nguyen and Yeon J a e Bae, 2008: Proceedings of the 3nd International Symposium on Aquatic Entomology in East Asia (AESEA): 3-20.
PRELIMINARY D A T A O N
THE AQUATIC INSECT IN HAI VAN AREA, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
HOANG DINH TRUNG, LE TRONG SON, MAI PHU QUY SUMMARY
This paper reported the preliminary data on biodiversity of the aquatic insects and provided a list of insect species, which are known for the first time in Hai Van area, Thua Thien Hue province. Of the total 53 species of aquatic insects recorded belonging to 4 orders, 40 genera and 17 families the Ephemeroptera consist of 25 species making 47.17%,"the Plecoptera with 11 species (20.75%), the Odonata with 10 species (18.87%) and the Trichoptera with 7 species (13.20%). The family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) is the most dominant one with 8 genera (20%) and 9 species (16.98%). Of the total 17 families, the Ephemeroptera has five families (making up 29.41%), 16 genera (40% of total genera); the Plecoptera has four families (23.53% of total families), 7 genera (up to 17.50%); the Trichoptera has four families (up to 23.53% of total families), 7 genera (17.50%); the Odonata has four families (accounting for 23.53%), 10 genera (25% of total of genera).
Using the similarity index Sorencen (S) to compare the homology of species composition of aquatic insects in Hai Van area with fresh water areas in Viemam showed that the species composition of aquatic insects in the Hai Van is close to that in contigous area of Bach Ma National Park (S = 0.23). Among 145 species of insects recorded in Tam Dao NP, there are nine common species, which are recorded in Hai Van (S = 0.09). The lowest similarity coefficient (S = 0.04) in comparing the homology of species composition of aquatic insects between Sa Pa, Lao Cai and Hai Van, Thua Thien - Hue province.
Probably the closeness of component of spieces in fresh water areas showed the more similar are characters of two habitats, the closer are the fauna
Keywords: Aquatic insects, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Odonata, similarity index, Thua Thien Hue province,
Ngdy nhan bdi: 23-3-2011
