Tran Thi Pha vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 128(14): 71 -76
NGHIEN C i r u SU^ DUNG TINH DAU CAM, BlTOfl XU* LY RAC THAI X O P Tr3n Thi Pha', Vfl Van Biln, Nguyen Thi Hao, Hira Van Dao, Vuong Van Anh
Trudng Dai hoc Nong Ldm - DH Thai Nguyen
TOM T A T
Trung binh khi chung cat lOkg nguyen lieu v6 cam, budi thi the tich tinh dau thu dugc lan lutit la:
249,7ml va 220ml. The tich tinh dau t6i uu la 10ml d6 \\s ly 5g x6p, thdi gian trung binh de xu ly ciia tinh dau cam la 4,18 phut va tinh dau birdi la 4,79 phut. Tinh dau sau khi xir ly xop c6 the thu hoi tdi 95% den 96% v& co the tai sir dung. Vi vay, sir dung tinh dau de xir ly xop phe thai thay the cho acetone da md ra mot mot hudng di mdi day uien vgng trong ITnh vg-c moi trudng bdi hieu qua xu ly xop cao, tiet kiem, co the tai thu hoi, d3c biet la khong anh hudng toi moi trudng va sue khoe con ngudi.
TiJ' kh6a: Chung cat, tinh ddu cam budl, xir ly xop DAT VAN DE
Tir xa xua, ngudi ta da biet den cdng dung lam dep va cham sdc sue khoe ciia tinh dau bu'di, cam nhung it ai biet rang linh dau cdn CO kha nang xir ly xdp - mgt loai chat thai khd bj phan huy trong dieu kien binh thudng. Nghien cuu ti6n hanh nham muc dich nghien ciiu kha nang xii' ly xdp bang linh dau cam, budi.
N O I D U N G , PHUONG P H A P NGHIEN CUU Doi tirgng nghien ciru
- He thdng thiet bi chung cat tinh dau cam, budi.
- Tinh dhx tii' vd budi
Noi dung nghien ciru va cac chi tieu theo doi - Theo doi va danh gia qua trinh xir ly xdp cua linh dau budi, cam va acetone.
- So sanh giu'a kha nang xu ly xop ciia tinh dau vdi acetone.
Phircmg phap nghien ciru
Phifcmgphap thu thap tai lieu, so lieu thu-cap Thu thap cac tai lieu, sd lieu cd lien quan den cac van de nghien cuu.
Phirffng phap fee (hira:
Ke thira va tham khao cac ket qua da dat dugc ciia cac bao cao, de tai cd lien quan den van de nghien ciru.
Phirffng phap thu thap so li?u sa cap
Phucmg phap chiet xuat tinh dau tir vd budi, cam: Sii dung phuang phap chung cat Idi cudn hoi nude khdng cd ndi hoi rieng.
Phuang phap bd tri thi nghiem. Thuc hien thi nhiem xir ly xdp bang tinh dau cam, budi va so sanh vdi acetone.
Phuang phap xu ly so lieu
Sd lieu dupe tdng hpp, phan tich va xir ly bang phan mem MS Excel va SAS 9.0 KET QUA NGHIEN CUU vA T H A O LUAN Quy trinh chirng cat tinh dau
Cdng doan ca ban ciia qua trinh chung cat linh dau cam, budi.
Bl: Chuan bj nguyen lieu: Nguyen lieu diing de chung cat la vd cam, budi. Mdi me chung cat can khoang 10kg nguyen lieu va nghien nhd nham muc dich giai phdng tinh dau ra khdi md de khi chung cat tinh dau de thoat ra, tir dd nil ngan thai gian chung cat va dat hieu qua cao.
B2: Ngam nguyen lieu' Nguyen lieu dugc ngam vao dung djch NaCI (10%) trong 3 gid.
Cong doan nay la lam cho tinh dau tham thau di tir till tiet ra ben ngoai, giiip cho qua trinh chung cat tinh dau dugc Iriel de han.
B3: Nap lieu: Nguyen lieu nap vao thiet bi dugc chiia bdi he thdng vi do de ngan each vdi Idp nude ben dudi day ndi. Nguyen lieu chua trong thiet bj khong vugt qua 85% dung tich thiet bi. Khdng dugc nap nguyen lieu
71
Trin Thj Pha vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 128(14). 71-76 chat qua lam cho hai khd phan phdi deu trong
loan bg khoi nguyen lieu va khdng dugc qua Idng, qua xop se lam cho hoi de dang theo nhirng chd rdng di ra ma khdng tiep xuc vdi loan khdi nguyen lieu.
B4: Chung cat: Khi bat dau chung cSt cSn cung cap nhiet lugng Idn de lam sdi nude chung clt. Sau dd ha nhiet dd, duy tri nude d nhiet dg sdi vi khi d nhiet do cao tinh dau de dang bj phan hiiy Vi vay, can theo doi ddng hd do nhiet do ndi hoi va duy tri d mirc 95- lOO^C. Khi sdi, hai nude keo theo tinh dau, hdn hgp hoi nay dugc din vao he thdng lam lanh, ta se thu dugc hdn hgp nude, tinh dau vao mpt binh thiiy tinh. Can dieu chinh nhiet do
Bang 1: Ketqua chung
dich ngung nam trong khoang 30 - 40 C vi neu djch ngung qua ndng se lam bay hoi tinh dau.
B5. Thao ba: Sau khi chung cit xong cSn xk Ilia, dh ngudi 15-30 phut, md nap va Ihao ba, sau dd dung nude sach ve sinh thiet bj.
B6. Tach tinh dau: Do cd ti trgng nhd hon, linh dau ndi nen tren. Vi v^y cd the hiit linh dau mgt each dS dang. Tinh dau cam, budi cSn bao quan trong cac chai Ig cd mau, tranh ti^p xuc true tiep vdi anh sang, khdng khi.
Ket qua chimg cat tinh dau
Ket qua chung cat tinh dSu cam, budi dugc the hien dudi bang 1':
cdt tinh ddu cam, budi T T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Chi s6 khao nghiem
Khoi iuong v6 bucri Lirong nuoc cho vao noi Thoi gian dat soi Thoi gian cat tciet N ;iet do chan,^ cat Lnpng than tien thu
VTD biroi ^ — —
__—— VTD cam
BV tinh kg lit phut phut
•c
vien ml
K^t qua cac me khao nghifm Lan I
10 4 35 180 9 5 - 100
3 2 3 5 ^ , - - ^
^ - ' ' ' ^ 2 5 0 Lan 2
10 4 35 180 95 - 100
3
^^-'^^ 25(, Lan 3
10 4 35 180 95 - 100
3 , , - - ^ ^ 2 4 3
T r u n g binh 10 4 35 180 95-TOO
3 - ^ - - ^ 4 9 , 7 Qua bang SO lieu tren ta thay, khi chung cat 10kg nguyen lieu vd cam va 10kg v6 budi trong ciing mpt digu kien thi lugng linh dau thu dugc ciia vd cam nhigu ban so vdi v6 budi. Trung binh khi chung cat 10kg vd cam ta thu dugc 249,7ml tinh ddu nhilu hon 29,7ml so vdi vd budi.
Ket qua xir ly xop ciia tinh dau Ket qua xii" ly xop cua tinh ddu budi
Ket qua xir ly xop cua tinh dau budi dugc th6 hien d bang dudi day:
Bang 2: Kel qua xu ly xop ctia linh ddu budi
C T l . 5mi CT2: lOmI CT3: 15ml LSD„5
fml) Thirl Nhac lai ]
13,5 4,8 4,08
gia xii' ly hoan N h ^ c l a i Z
12,75 4,93 4,2
toan (phut) N h i c lai 3
13,05 4,63 4,05
ThS i gian xii' ly t r u n g binh (phut) 13,10 ± 0 , 3 8 ' 4,79 ± 0 , 1 5 ' 4,11 ± 0 , 0 8 '
0,48
khac CO y nghTa a do tin cay 95%.
- 6 CTl: Thdi gian can thiet de xu ly hoan toan 5g xdp d 3 lan n h k lai ISn lugl la 13,3 phuf 12,75 phutva 13,05 phut. Thdi gian xir ly trung binh dat 13,10 phiit. T6c do xir ly d CTl cham va phai lien hanh dao Iron lien luc.
Tran Thj Phi vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 128(14): 71 -76 - 0 CT2: Khi tang the tich tinh dSu budi Ien 10ml d6 xu ly 5g xdp thi thdi gian can thiet de xir ly hoan loan lugng xd do giam dang ke so vdi CTl d ca 3 lan nhac lai va lan lugl la 4,8 phiit; 4,93 phiit va 4,63 phut. Thdi gian xu ly trung binh dat 4,79 phut.
- O CT3: Tiep luc lang the lich linh dau Ien 15ml de xii ly 5g xdp la thay thai gian can thiet de xir ly hoan loan lugng xop dd tuy cd giam so vdi CT2 d ca 3 lan nhac lai nhung khdng dang ke va lan lugt la 4,08 phiit; 4,2 phiit va 4,05 phiit. Thdi gian xu ly trung binh dat 4,11 phut.
Ket qua xu ly xop cua tinh ddu cam
Bang 3: Ket qua xu ly xop cua tinh ddu cam Lu'Q'ng tinh dau
(ml) C T l ' 5ml CT2. 10ml CT3: 15ml LoDooi
ThS'l Nh9c lai 1
8,83 4,25 . 3,58
gian xir 1;^ hoan to^n (phut) Nhac lai 2
8,63 4,1 3,03
Nh^c lai 3 8,75
4,2 3,75
Thoi gian xii' IJ trung binh (phut)
8,74 ± 0 , 1 "
4,18 ± 0 , 0 8 ' 3,45 ± 0,38'
0,46 Ghi chii. Cdc chi so a. b, c (theo
Qua bang sd lieu tren ta thay:
- O CTl: khi su dung 5 ml tinh dau cam de xu ly 5g xdp thi thdi gian can thiet de xu ly hoan loan trong dieu kien dao trdn lien tuc d 3 lan nhac lai lan lugl la 8,83 phiit; 8,63 phut va 8,75 phut. Thdi gian xir ly trung binh dat 8,74 phiil.
- Q CT2: khi tang the tich tinh dau cam Ien 1 DmI de xir ly 5g xdp thi thai gian can thiet de xir ly hoan loan lugng xdp dd giam dang ke so vdi CTld ca 3 lan nhac lai va lan lugt la 4,25 phiil; 4,1 phiit va 4,2 phut. Thai gian xii ly trung binh dat 4,18 phiit.
- Ci CT3: Tiep tuc tang the tich tinh dau Ien 15ml de xu ly 5g xdp ta thSy thdi gian can thiet de xii ly hoan loan lugng xdp do giam nhe hon so vdi CT2 d ca 3 lan nhac va lan lugt la 4,08 phut; 4,2 phut va 4,05 phut. Thdi gian xir ly trung binh dat 4.11 phiit.
* Nhgn xet:
- Khi cho cirng mgt the tich tinh dau budi va cam de xir ly mpt khoi lugng xdp nhat djnh thi thdi gian xir ly xdp ciia tinh dSu budi Idn han nhi8u so vdi tinh dau cam. Dieu nay da chi>ng minh dugc ring kha nSng xir ly xdp cua linh dau cam tdt han budi.
cot) khong CO su sai khac co y nghTa o do tin cay 95%.
- Trong 3 CT thi nghiem sir dung 3 miic tinh dau cam, budi khac nhau la 5ml, 10ml va 15 ml de xir ly ciing mgt lugng xdp la 5g thi d CT2 (10ml tinh dau xir ly 5g xdp) se mang lai hieu qua tdi uu nhat ve thai gian ciing nhu lugng tinh dau can thiet de xir ly xop vi:
+ O CTl: Thdi gian can thiet de xir ly hoan loan xdp Idn hon rat nhieu so vdi CT2 va trong qua trinh dd phai tien hanh dao trdn lien tuc.
+ O CT3: Tuy thdi gian xu ly xop dugc rut ngan nhung khdng dang ke ma lugng tinh dau sir dung lai Idn hon 33.33%» so vdi CT2. Vi vay CT nay se gay lang phi mgt lugng linh dau dang ke
- Kel qua ly xdp ciia 2 loai linh dau cam va budi rat tdt, thdi gian xii' ly chi keo dai trong vai phut, hieu qua xir ly tuong ddi cao. Dieu quan trgng la tinh dau la mgt hgp chat lu nhien, khdng gay dgc hai tdi sire khde con ngudi cung nhu cd lgi cho mdi trudng sinh thai.
So sanh kha nang xir ly xop giira tinh dau va acetone
De so sanh giira kha nang xir ly xdp tai miic tdi uu CLia linh dau (10ml/5g xdp) so vdi acetone, chiing toi su dung 10ml acetone de xu ly 5g xdp, ket qua xu' ly dugc the hien dudi bang sd lieu sau:
73
TrSn Thi Pha va Dig Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 128(14)
Lan r Nhac lai 1 Nhac lai 2 Nhac lai 3 Trung binh
TT 1 Khoi
Biing4: Kel qua xic ly xop cua acetone va linh ddu cam bual
Acetone 2,23 2,25 2,33 2,27 Bang 5: Kel qua [hi nghiem chirng cdl Chi so khao nghi|m
luong xop 2 The tich tinh dau su dung 3 Luong nuoc cho vao 4 Thoi 5 Thiri
gian soi
gian Icet thiic thi nghiem 6 Luong tinh dau thu duoc.
DV tinh S ml ml phut phitt ml
Th6i gian xii' ly (phut)
Cam Birdi 4,25 4,8 4,1 4,93 4,2 4,63 4,18 4,79 ihu hoi linh ddu sau khi xu ly xop
K^t qua khao nghiem L^n 1 LSn 2 LAn 3
10 10 10 20 20 20 50 50 50 12 13 11 60 60 60 19 19.25 19.1
Trung binh 10 20 SO 12 60 19.12
* Nhgn xet: Qua qua trinh nghien cuu, phan lich kha nang xir ly xdp ciia 3 loai nguyen lieu la:
tinh dau budi, tinh dau cam va acetone ta thiy - Thdi gian trung binh de xu ly hoan loan 5g xdp cua acetone la 2.27 phut, trong khi dd, tinh dau cam phai mat tdi 4.18 phiil va linh dlu budi la 4.79 phiit. Qua dd ta thSy Acetone cd kha nang xii ly xdp tdt ban so vdi 2 loai tinh dlu.
- Hieu qua xir ty xdp ciia acetone cao nhung nd lai la mgt hda chat dgc hai, neu nong dp acetone trong khdng khi qua cao, chi cin hit thd trong thdi gian ngan ciing gay anh hudng tdi sue khde nhu di miia, dj ling da.. Vdi ndng do rat nhd (500-1 OOOppm) hoi acetone cung gay kich thich niem mac ciia mui, hong, CO th6 thd cham, khd thd... N6u bSt can vao mat se gay ton thuong giac mac, ngua, chay nude mat. Vi vay, viec sir dung acetone trong xir ly va tai che xdp hien nay van cdn han che do chi phi cao va acetone la hda chit dpc hai cho con ngudi cung nhu sinh vat.
Qua trinh xu ly xop bang tinh dau buwi, cam - Ket qua phan tich 2 mau tinh dau da chiing minh jimonene trong tmh dau la thanh phan chii y6u de xu ly xop. Va x6p du'gc xir ly bdi linh dau chi bang su hda tan vat ly ma khdng cd bat ky qua h-inh phan irng hda hgc nao xay ra.
- De khang djnh co che xii ly xop ciia linh dau cam, budi chi la sg hda lan vat ly thdng 74
thudng, chiing loi lam thi nghiem tai phdng thi nghiem khoa Mdi trudng - Trudng Dai hgc Ndng Lam Thai Nguyen de chiing minh nhu sau:
Chuan bi nguyen lieu, dung cu.
+ Dung eg: can, den cdn, he thdng lam lanh dich ngung, gia da, binh tam giac...
+ Nguyen lieu: xdp thai, tinh diu budi, nude.
Cdc buac tiin hanh:
Bl: Can 1 Og xdp va cho vao binh tam giac va su dung 20ml tinh dlu dk xu ly chiing, Cho them vao hdn hgp 50ml nude.
B2: Lap dat he thdng thi nghiem thu hoi lugng tinh dau
B3: Sii' dung den cdn dun hdn hgp linh dlu, xdp va nude. Khi bat dau chii y ho deu loan bd binh tam giac de trong qua trinh dun binh tam giac khong bj ran, nirt. Dun vdi nhiet do viia phai dh tranh hdn hgp Irao nen he thdng lam lanh.
B4: Khi hdn hgp bat dlu sdi, md van cho nude di qua he ihdng lam lanh dk thu hdi hon hgp tinh dlu, nude. De kiem tra da k6t thuc thi nghiem chua co thg nho djch ngung vao mpt cdc dung nude, n6u ihly khong cdn vang dau nita thi thi nghiem kk ihiic.
85: Tach tinh dlu ra khdi hdn hgp va do ih6 lich tinh dlu thu dugc.
Tran Thi Pha va Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 128(14): 71 -76 Bang 6: Hieu qudxulyxop bdng tinh ddu cam, budi
Do'n V] So lucmg 0o'n gia (vnd) Thanh tien (vnd) 1
2 3 4 Tong
Than t6 ong Di^n Hao hut miy moc Nhan cong
vien Kw Kg
—
30 2.000
2.500 10.000 2.000
60.000 10.000 10.000 200.000 280.000 Ket qua thi nghiem
l\\k tich linh dlu thu dugc khi tiSn hanh thi nghiem vdi 3 lan nhac lai dugc the hien qua bang 5:
Tie bdng so lieu tren ta thdy
- Khi sii dung 20ml tinh dau de xir ly lOg xdp, sau dd lam thi nghiem thu hdi lugng tinh dau dd thi ket qua thu dugc rat kha quan. Lan 1 thu dugc 19ml, Ian 2 la 19.25ml va lln 3 la 19.1 ml trong tdng sd 2Dml ban dau sir dung.
Hieu suit thu hdi lln lugt dat 95%; 96,25%
va 95,5%.
- Kel qua thi nghiem da chiing minh ca che ciia qua trinh xii' ly xdp cua tinh dau chi la su hda tan vat ly thdng thudng ma khdng cd bat cir mpt phan ling hda hgc nao xay ra. Vi sau khi cho 20ml tinh dlu budi dk \\x ly lOg xdp va lien hanh Ihi nghiem nhu tren chiing ta gan nhu thu lai hoan loan lugng linh dau.
- Chiing tdi da tai sir dung tinh dau thu dugc de xir ly xdp. Kel qua cho thay thdi gian va hieu qua xii ly xdp ciia tinh dau thu hdi hoan loan khdng cd su thay ddi nao. Theo ket qua tren ta cd the tiet kiem dugc tdi 95% lugng tinh dau khi xii ly xdp, ddng nghTa vdi viec chi hao hut khoang 5% linh dau cho viec hda tan hoan loan mot khdi lugng xdp nhat djnh.
Hieu qua kinh te khi su- dung tinh dau cam, buol xirly xop
Cac khoan can chi de chung cat 10 me tinh dau cam (the tich tinh dau thu dugc la 2,5 lit) ho^c linh dau budi(the tich tinh dau thu dugc la 2,2 lit) dugc the hi?n dudi bang 6.
Nhin vao bang tren ta thay:
- De chung cat dugc 2,5 lit tinh dau cam can mgt khoan chi phi la 280.000vnd tuang ling vdi ll2.00Dvnd/lit.
- De chung cat dugc 2,2 lit tinh dau budi can mgt khoan chi phi la 280.000vnd tuong ling vdi 127.000vnd/ lit.
* So sanh hieu qud kinh te khi sir dung tinh ddu de xu ly xop so vdi acetone.
Gia acetone hien nay ren thj ludng la 120.000vnd/lit. De xir ly 1kg xop can diing 2 lit acetone luong li'ng vdi sd lien can diing de xir ly xdp la 240.000vnd.
- De xii ly I kg xdp can 2lil tinh dau. Tuong ling vdi sd liln cln dimg la 224,000vnd ddi vdi tinh dau cam va 254 OOOvnd ddi vdi tinh dau budi. Tuy nhien, luong tinh dau sau khi sir dung de xii' ly xdp thai co the thu hdi tdi 95%. Ddng nghTa vdi viec de xir ly 1kg xdp chi mat ll.200vnd ddi vdi tinh dau cam va 12.700vnd vdi tinh dau budi.
Khi sii dung linh dau thi chi phi de xu ly xdp giam 94.7%> - 95.3%i so vdi acetone. Vi vay, sir dung tinh dau cam, budi de xu' ly xdp thay the cho acetone la mgt hudng di mdi than thien vdi mdi trudng va tiet kiem chi phi lai che.
KET LUAN
Trung binh khi chung cat 10kg vd cam la thu duoc 249,7ml tinh dau nhieu hon 29,7ml so vdi vd budi. Ket qua phan tich thanh phan hoa hgc trong tinh dau da chirng minh Limonene la chit chiSm thanh phan phin tram Idn nhat va chi^m 94,22%. trong linh dlu cam va 12,05% trong tinh dau budi.
Trong 3 cong thirc Ihi nghiem ve kha nang xu ly xdp cua tinh dau thi d CT2 (10ml tinh dau xii ly 5g xdp) la cdng thiic mang lai hieu qua tdi uu nhat ve Ihdi gian cung nhu lugng tinh dau can sir dung. Tinh dau sau khi xii ly xdp cd kha nang thu hdi Idi 95%)-96%) ma cd the tai su dung dugc.
75
Tran Thj Pha vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 128(1 Acetone cd kha nang xu ly xdp lot hon tinh
dau. Tuy nhien, chi phi tai che cao va acetone la hda chat dgc hai cho con ngudi cung nhu sinh vat. Vi vay, sir dung tinh dau de xir ly xdp phe thai thay the cho acetone da md ra mgt mgt hudng di mdi dly trien vgng trong ITnh vuc mdi trudng bdi hieu qua xir ly xdp cao, li^t kiem, cd the tai thu hdi, dac biet la khdng anh hudng tdi mdi trudng va stic khde con ngudi.
^'u my Minh.
TAI LIEU THAM KH 1. Vuong Nggc Chinh (2005), /;
phdm, Nxb D^i hoc Quoc gia TP. 11'
2. Le Thi Nggc' Duy en (20} 1)._ Sghien cuu ly trich tinh ddu tie vd qud quat bdng phucfjig phap chung cdt loi cudn hai nude, Luan van tdt nghi|p d£ii hpc, Trudng DH D6ng Thap.
3. Le Thi Anh Dao, DSng Van LiSu (2005), Thuc hanh Hda hgc, Nxb DH Su pham.
4. Nguyln Minh Hoang (2006), Khao sdt tmh ddu vd Irdl gidng Citrus hg rulaceae. De tai nghien ciiu khoa hgc d p ca so, D^i hgc Md TP. H6 Chi Minh.
5. Le Nggc Thach (2003), Tinh ddu, Nxb DHQG TP.H6 Chi Minh.
SUMMARY
STUDY ON USAGE OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ORANGE AND GRAPEFRUIT FOR DEALING STYROFOAM WASTE
Tran Thi Pha", Vu Van Bien, Nguyen Thi Hao, Vuong Van Anh, Hua Van Dao College of Agriculture and Forestry - TNU Average distillation of lOkg raw orange peel and grapefruit were obtained essential oil volume of 249,7 ml and 220ml, respectively. Optimal volume of essential oil for dealing 5g styrofoam are 10m!. The average time for dealing styrofoam is 4,18 minutes and 4,79 minutes in essential oil of orange and grapefruit, respectively. Essential oils after dealing the styrofoam can be recovered up to 95% - 96% which can still reuse. So, using essential oils to treat styrofoam waste can be replaced acetone chemical, it was opened a promising new direction in the field of environment and high efficiency processing, saving, renewable, especially it is not affect the environment and human health.
Keywords: Distilling, Essential oi of orange and grapefruit, dealing Styrofoam
Ngdy nhgn bdi:07/3/2014: Ngdy phan bien 21/3/2014; Ngdy duyet ddng 25/11/201-' Phdn bijn Ichoa hoc: PGS. TS Luang Van Hinh - Trudng Dgi hoc Nong Ldm - DH', ,v
Tel:
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