_ _ ^ TAP CHI KHOA HOC OAI HOC VAN HIEN _^ ' ^ ' ' ^ =>" ^
TOI iTU HOA CAC THONG S6 LAM VIEC CUA M A Y CAO LONG HEO TRONG CAC DAY CHUYEN GIET M 6 HEO
Bui Van Mien', Huynh Van Nam^
' Trudng Dgi hgc Vdn Hiin - Trudng Dgi hgc Cdng nghe Thuc phdm
'MienB V@vhu. edu. vn
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 02/01/2017; Ngdy duyet ddng: 28/02/2017
TOM TAT
Nhdm xdc dinh dugc cdc thdng sd tdi uu cdn ihiet de mdy ego long lam viec dgt hieu qud vd chdt lugng tdt, ddc biet la gidm dugc cong viec nang nhgc trong diiu kien nhiet do sau khi trung. nhiet do thdn heo cdn khd cao, khd thuc hien vd sao cho luong Idng cdn sdt sau khi ego bdng mdy Id it nhdt.
Vdi mdy ego long heo dd dugc chi tgo dua vdo tinh todn, thiet ki tren ca sd cdc thdng sd ky thugt cua mdy nude ngodi. Tir cdc thi nghiem sa bg xdc dinh dugc cdc thdng sd ddu vdo sd vdng quc^ cdnh ego long, gdc nghieng thanh dd phu, thdi gian ego Idng, vdi thdng sd ddu ra la phdn tram long cdn sol lai tren da heo vd thi nghiem dugc tiin hdnh tgi Trung tdm giet md gia siic, phuang Tdn Tgo, qudn Binh Tdn, thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Phuong phdp nghien cieu cua de tdi Id quy hogch thuc nghiem. Thi nghiem dugc bd tri dgng bdc 11, Box — Behnken. Bdi todn ldi iru dugc gidi bdng phdn mem Matlab Kit qud ddxdc dinh dugc chi tieu tdi icu ciia phdn trdm long cdn sdt nhd nhdt Q-3,85% ung vdi cdc gid tri cua yeu td ddu vdo Id van tdc cdnh ego Idng v=3,7m/s. gdc nghieng thanh da d phu a=120 dd vd thdi gian ego tdng 1=56,14 gidy.
Tir khda: mdy ego long heo, ldi uu.
ABSTRACT
Optimizing of operation parameters of pig's dehairing machine in modern pig slaughtering
The study aimed lo determine necessary optimum parameters for effective and high-quality opera- lion of pig's dehairing machine, especially lo reduce the work toad in the condition of post-scalding, where the pig's temperature is still high, causing difficulties in dehairing and to ensure the lowest amount of hair left after dehairing with the machine. The dehairing machine was built based on calculations and designs adapted from other countries' dehairing machine's speciftcations. The preliminary experi- ments resulted in input parameters including the number of scraping rollers' revolutions, lilt angle of auxiliary bar. dehairing lime, ^vith output parameter being the percentage of hair left on pig's skin. The study was conducted at Cattle slaughtering center. Tan Tao ward. Binh Tan district. Ho Chi Minh city.
The method of study M as quadratic experimental design and Box-Behnken. The optimization was solved by Matlab software. The results showed that the optimum lowest percentage of hair left was Q = 3.85%, corresponding to the velocity of scraping rollers being v = 3.7%. tilt angle of auxiliary bar being a = 120° and dehairing time being t = 56.14s.
Keywords: Hercules dehairing machine, optimal.
1. Dat van de ^ ^ ciia Chinh phd cung nhu ciia cac tinh thanh, tuy An todn vd suih thuc pham vdn de ma toan nhien cho ddn nay an todn thuc phdm d nhieu co xa hgi dang rat quan tdm, trong dd van de gidt so, didm gidt md gia siic gia cdm vdn chua bao md an toan \ e sinb da cd nhieu van ban quy dmh dam. Da cd nhieu day chuydn gidt md beo hien
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VAN HIEN UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SQENCE
dai dua vdo sdn xuat nhirag thuc trang giet md d cdc ddy chuyen giet md hien dai chiem khdng qua 30% cdn lai van Id giet md d cac co sd nhd. Trudc thuc trang tren, ngay 29/5/2015 Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phat trien Ndng thdn da ban hdnh Chi thi sd 4211/CT-BNN-TY vd viec tang cudng cdng tdc quan ly ve sinh an toan thuc phdm ddi vdi co sd giet md gia siic, gia cdm va phuong tien van chuyen sdn pham ddng vat.
Trong cdc day chuyen giet md heo du ldn hay nhd tbi cao Idng Id mot trong nhung khdu cdn nhieu sue lao ddng, trong dd ngudi cdng nhdn phdi lam viec trong mdi trudng khac nghiet: ndng, am, nang nhgc, tay phai cdm dao sac nhgn rdt nguy hiem [10], [6]. Mat khde, viec nhap cac may cua nude ngoai nbu chau Au la rat cao (khodng vai chuc ngan Euro) [8]
vi vdy viec che tao cac may cao Idng phu hgp cho cdc CO sd quy md nhd da dugc lap dat tai hang chuc co sd, tuy nhien cac may chi dua vao mgt sd thdng sd do nude ngodi che tao vdi quy md ldn va con nhieu bdt cap nhu sdt Idng, rdch da va dnh hudng chat lugng thit... Xudt phdt tu nhu cdu lam viec hieu qua ciia mdy va ve chat lugng cua qua trinh cao long chiing tdi nghien cdu "Tdi uu hda cdc thdng sd lam viec cua mdy ego Idng heo trong cdc ddy chuyin giet md heo". Nham xdc dinh dugc cac thdng sd tdi uu cdn thiet de may cao Idng lam viec
dat higu qud vd chdt luong tdt, dac bidt la gidm dugc cdng viee nang nhgc trong dieu kien nhiet dd sau trung long cdn khd cao, khd thuc hien va sao cho lugng Idng con sdt sau khi cao bang may Id it nhdt.
2. Vat n§u vd phirong phap nghien cuu 2.1. Vdt lieu nghien cmi:
Ddi tugng nghien cuu la mdy cao Idng kieu 1 true nam ngang che tao theo yeu cau ciia thi nghiem Hinh I. Cac may cao Idng tuong t\r da dupe nghien cuu thidt kd che tao vd dugc ldp ddt trong cac day chuyen giet md heo quy md tu 20- 50 con/gid: d TRHCM, Tdy Ninh, Ddng Thap, Ba Ria Viing Tau, Trd Vmh...
Cac thi nghiem dugc thuc hien chu yeu hen heo to trpng lugng 95±2kg/con vd dugc thi nghiem tai trung tdm giet md gia sue, phudng Tan Tao, quan Binh Tdn.
Cdc thdng sd ky thuat ciia mdy cao Idng heo (Hinh 1): Ndng sudt dat den 60 con/gid; trgng lugng heo cd the cao Idng tren may: 70-=-140kg/
con; mdi lan cao mdt con (1 con/ldn cao); vdn tdc ddi canh cao v=220m/ph; sd vdng quay true chinh n=l 60vg/ph; gdc nghieng eua thanh dd phu so vdi mat phang ngang: a= 120 do. Tren may ldp ddng CO dien xoay chidu 3 pha vdi n=1450vg/ph;
cdng suat 19,75kW; hop giam tde gdn Iidn ddng CO va ty sd truyen 1/10. May cd kich thudc: ddi x rdng X cao = 2000 x 1300 x 1400mm.
Hinh 1: .Maj cao long heo thi nghiem
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TAP CHI KHOA HOC OAI HOC VAN HIEN
Hinh 2. So do nguyen ly Idm vif c may cao long heo mot true nam ngang 1 - mang dua heo vao; 2 - beo d vi tri bat dau dua vdo may; 3 - canh cao;
4 - cac thanh ddn hudng va dd heo trong qud trinh cao; 5 - heo d \ i tri dang cao;
6 - cdc thanh dd phu; 7 - sdn thao tdc; 8 - than may Tu so dd nguyen ly (Hinh 2), heo sau khi trung
dugc mdng (1) dua vdo mdy, toan bp trpng lugng heo dupe tua tren cac thanh dd (4) va ddu cdnh cao (3), thanh dd (4) va thanh dd phu tao vdi nhau rapt gdc a. Tai ddy heo dugc cao bdi cac cdnh cao (3) trong khodng thdi gian nhat dinh tbi cua 6 md ra, heo vang ra san thao tac (7), cua (6) ddng lai va qud trinh dugc tiep tuc. Uu diem cua loai may nay Id nhd ggn, dd che tao, thuan loi trong viec dua heo vdo va ra, ket cau kieu mdt true nen gia thdnh thap, phii hgp vdi cac day chuyen giet md vua vd nhd.
2.2. Thiet hi do va phirong phap do - Thiet bi do sd vdng quay: may do dung laser PCE-DT 62; do phdn giai: 0,1 rpm (vdng/phiit);
khoang do: 2 ~ 99.999 r.p.ra; cdp chinh xac: ± 1 rpm.
Phucmg phap do sd vdng quay dgng co [3] la diing mdt ngudn phat tia Laser vd tren ddng eo gan mdt tdm phan chieu dnh sdng, dua tren co sd anh sdng phdt ra va anh sang phan hdi lai may se phdn tich va tinb todn de dua ra con sd chinh xac ve sd vdng quay.
- Do dien tfch long sdt thuc te tren heo sau cao Idng [8]. [11]: Tdng dien tich da heo cdn sdt long
= Dien tich long sdt cdc noi tren toan thd da beo cdng lai.
; ?
- Do Adi gian: Ddng hd bam gidy 2 3 . Phuong phap nghi§n cuu:
Xdc Mnh cdc yea to ddu vdo, dau ra:
Cdc yeu td ddu vdo: Cd nhieu yeu td dnh hudng den chat lugng sdn phdm sau khi cao:
che do gay chodng, che do trung {nhiet do trung \ a thdi gian trung), van tdc cdnh cao, gdc nghieng cua thanh dd phu, thdi gian cao, khdi luong mdi con beo, loai heo, sd lugng canh, bd rdng canh...
Cac tbdng sd ddu ra: Cac thdng sd nghien cuu ddu ra ddc tnmg cho cac cbi tieu kinh te - ky thuat eua may cao long vd phan anh muc dich nghien cmi ciia de tai. Cac tbdng sd nay bao gdm: chdt lugng san phdm, cbi phi ndng lugng rieng. Chat lugng sdn pham duoc dac tnmg bang muc do sach, heo khdng dap, gdy chdn hodc rach da, d ddy ta se nghien ciiu phdn tram long cdn sdt lai tren da heo \ a d dang ma hda ky hieu Yl, d dang thuc ky bieu la Q. Day la thdng sd dac trung cho muc dich nghien cuu, phdn anh chdt lugng san phdm.
Dai lugng nay chiu anh hudng ciia hang loat thdng sd ddu vdo va nhieu. Chi phi nang lugng rieng Id tbdng sd phan anh chi tieu ldnh te - k>
thudt. Tuy nhien, khi lien hanh trong thuc te thi thay ddi chi phi ndng lugng rieng khdng
VAN HIEN UNIVERSITV JOURNAL OF SQENCE
dang ke va cac co sd giet md chi yeu cdu ve dp sach Idng cdn yeu td chi phi ndng lugng thi chua quan tam nen chiing tdi khdng dua yeu td ndy vao nghien cuu.
Thi nghiem ddn yiu to thdm do [7]
Tren co sd lua chgn cdc yen td dau vdo la sd vdng quay canh cao Idng, gdc nghieng thanh dd phu, thdi gian cao long, chiing tdi tien hanh cac thi nghi?m tham dd dd xac dinh cdc muc thi nghiem cua ba yeu td ddu vao trong bdi toan hop den, cac muc ndy dugc xdc dinh thdng qua thuc te tai cac co sd, nhd may.
Kdt qua thi nghiem don ydu td eiia phan tram long sdt theo sd vdng quay canh cao long 120, 140,160, 180 vg/ph da chpn dugc so vdng quay 140 la hpp ly va chpn muc d tam la 140 vdng/
phut, mdc tren 160 vdng/phut, mdc dudi Id 120 vdng/phiit cho nghien cuu.
Kdt qua thi nghiem don yen td cua phdn rtdm Idng sdt theo gdc nghieng thanh do phu vdi cac gdc nghieng hi 90" den 120" cua thanh do phu va gdc 110 dp la pbii hpp nhat. Theo dd ta chgn muc d tam la 110", muc tren 120°, muc dudi 100". Vdi cdc muc thdi gian tu 40-70 gidy cho mgt con heo. Vdi muc thdi gian 70 gidy thi ta thay rang phdn trdm Idng cdn sdt giam rat it so vdi mdc thdi gian 60 gidy. Tuy nhien nang suat lai giam theo dd ta chgn muc d tam ia 50 gidy, muc tren 60 giay, muc dudi 40 gidy.
Phuang phdp quy hogch thuc nghiem (toi iru)
Phuong phap quy hoach thuc nghiem dugc tien hanh tu bac 1 va phat trien len bac 11 ndu bac I khdng phii hpp. Trong tnrdng hgp ca hai phuong an khdng phii hgp cdn thidt kd lai thi nghiem tren co sd dinh lai vimg va bd sung yen td nghien cuu.
De tdi uu hda cdng thuc xac dinh phan tram Idng cdn sot theo van tdc cdnh cao Idng, gdc nghieng thanh dd phu, thdi gian cao Idng. Chiing tdi bd tri thi nghiem bang each su dung phuong phap bd mat dap ung (Responese Surface Meth- odology), Box- Behnken (BBD) vdi ba ydu td khao sat la: van tdc canh cao Idng, gdc nghieng thanh do phu, thdi gian cao long (khoang gid tri thich hgp ciia cac yeu td da dugc xac dinh d thi nghiem thdm dd).
Md hinh Box-Behnken (BBD) la nhung cdu
fruc ddi xung dong dd mdi thi nghiem dugc tao bdi ba ydu td, mdi ydu td khdo sat dugc ma hda trong he tga do khdng thu nguyen cd ba muc:
Tga dp cua phuong dn bdng 0, cac ydu td ma hda nhdn hai gia hi -1 % a +1 hiong ung vdi muc dudi va mdc tren. Cac gia tri dug-c md hda vdi X la ydu td dugc ma hda dnh hudng den be mdt ddp ung Y. Gid tri ma hda ciia cdc bien dgc lap cho thidt kd Box-Behnken dupe the hien trong Bang 1 vdi:
X^: van toe canh cao long (120-160 vg/ph).
X^: gdc nghieng thanh dd phu (100-120 dp).
X3: thdi gian cao Idng (40-60 giay).
Y: phan tram Idng cdn sdt
Ma trdn thi nghiem dugc lap theo phuong an bac II Box - Behnken vd ngau nhien hoa trat tir bang chuong trinh Statgraphic vers 7.0. Tdng sd tbi nghiem tdi thieu cua phuong phdp nay dugc tinh theo cdng thuc: N = 2'' + 2k + n^= 15.
Phuong trinh hdi quy thuc nghiem md td sir phu thudc ciia chi tieu theo doi vdo cdc yen td thi nghiem la mot da thuc bac bai cd dang:
Y = a^ + a,X, + a,X, + a3X3 + a,.X, X, + a^^X, X3 + a,3X,X3 + a,|X,^+ a„X,^+ a,3X3= vdi:
a : He sd hdi qui bac 0
a,, d,, Zy He sd hdi quy bdc 1 md ta anh hudng cua yen td X^ ddi vcri Y
a,,, d,^, a33: He sd hdi quy bdc 2 md td dnh hudng eua yen td X - ddi vdi Y
a,,, a^j, a^y He sd hdi quy tuong tdc mo ta anh hudng ddng thdi hai ydu td X, vdi X,, X^ vdi X3, X, vdi X3 ddl vdi Y
Phirong phdp xir ly sd lieu thuc nghiem:
+ Xu ly thdng ke: Su dung phdn mem Stai- graphics Version 7.0 de rten hdnh phan tich phuong sai, xu ly sd lieu xay dung md hinh thong ke theo cac budc: (1) Xac dinh gia tri cac he sd bdi quy ddy du; (2) Phan tich phuong sai de loai bd cac he sd hdi quy khdng ddm bao dp tin cdy vdi muc y nghTa a = 0,05; (3) Xdc dinh cdc gia tri hdi quy theo ham todn mdi sau khi da loai bd cac he sd hdi quy khdng du dp tin cay; (4) Phan tich phucmg sai tren ham todn mdi.
Kiem tra do tin cay cua cac he sd hdi quy mdi.
Neu khdng ddm bao tin cdy. thi cdi tidn md hinh;
(5) Kiem tra dp tuong thich ciia md hinh theo muc y nghTa p. Md hinh phii hgp ndu p > 0,05.
Sau khi xdy dung dugc md hinh hdi quy thyc 98
TAP CHi KHOA HOC € ) « HOC VAN HIEN nghiem, tiep tuc dung phdn mem Statgraphics Version 7.0 dd ve do flii cac ham muc tieu theo timg cap thdng sd dau vao 1dm co sd cho tim circ tri trong mien thuc nghiem.
+ Tinh todn toi iru hda: Tu phat bieu ciia bdi toan tdi uu: hdm muc tieu % long cdn sdt Q=f(a, n, t) tien den min, trong dd: n - van tdc cdnh cao Idng (vg/ph); a - gdc n ^ e n g thanh dd phu (do);
t - thdi gian cao long (giay). Sd dung phdn mem
Matlab trong viec giai cdc bdi toan tdi uu cd bam toan dugc lap bang phuong phap quy hoach thuc nghiem [4].
3. Ket qua nghien ciru
3.1. Lap mo hinh thong ke t h ^ nghiem bac H
Dua theo thuc te sdn xuat va thi nghiem thdm dd, mien thi nghiem cho phuong an bac II Box - Behnken dugc thanh lap nhu d Bang 1.
Bang 1: Mi§n thirc nghifm theo phuffng an thirc nghiem bac H Box - Behnken
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Ylu t6 Mu-c ^ ^ ^ ^ Muc tren +1
Miic ca so 0 Muc duffi -1 Khoang bien thien
n (vg/ph) 160 140 120 20
a (do) 120 110 100 10
t (giay) 60 50 40 10
Ma tran thi nghiem dugc lap theo phuang an sd thi nghiem dugc lap la 15, trong do c6 ba thi bac II Box - Behnken va ngdu nhien boa trat tu nghiem d tdm. Ket qud ma trdn thi nghiem dugc bang chuong trinh Statgraphic \ers 7.0. Tdng lap vd dugc trinh bdy nhu d Bang 2.
Bang 2: Ma tran thi nghiem ^a ket qua thirc nghifm d dang thuc STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Nghiem thuc ma hoa
-0- ++0 +-0 0-+
+0+
0++
-0+
0+- --0 - 0 - 000 000 0--
—0 000
Gia tri thuc te n
120 160 160 140 160 140 120 140 120 160 140 140 140 120 140
a 110 120 100 100
no
120 110 120 100 110 110 110 100 120 110
t 40 50 50 60 60 60 60 40 50 40 50 50 40 50 50
Chi tieu theo doi Q 8,0 3,5 5,7 5,8 4.2 4.5 6.8 6.9 7.3 5,3 5,2 5.2 8.3 7.0 4.9 n; so vong quay cua may (\ g'phiit); a: goc nghieng thanh dcr phu (do):
t: thoi gian cao long (giay); Q: phim tram long sot (%).
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VAN HIEN UNIVERSrrV JOURNAL OF SQENCE
3.2. K^t qua thuc nghifm theo phuong dn bdc II
Thuc nghiem theo ma trdn thi nghigm dd lap.
Dua vao kdt qud thuc nghiem tidn hdnh phan tich phuong sai ldn 1 vdi md hinh d dang da thuc bdc n ddy du cho ket qua nhu Hmh 3.
E f f e c t (tie so anh huong) A:X1 B:X2 C:X3 AB AC BC AA BB CC L a c k - o f - f i t P u r e e r r o r T o t a l ( c o r r . ) R - s q u a r e d = 0 . 04 so tuong quan)
AKOVA Sum o f S q u a r e s (t6ng binb phuong)
1 3 . 5 2 0 0 0 0 3 . 3 1 5 3 1 3 6 . 3 1 9 0 1 2 . 9 2 1 6 0 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 6 2 5 . 2 0 1 7 4 4 1 . 0 8 1 6 6 7 2 . 0 2 8 7 4 4 . 8 0 4 6 2 5 . 0 6 0 2 0 0 2 7 . 9 2 3 9 7 3 3 9 6 9 0 2 9
f o r Y - DF
3 f a c t o r s t u d y Mean S q . (b^c tti do) (phuong sai)
3 2 14
1 3 . 5 2 0 0 0 0 3 . 3 1 5 3 1 3 6 . 3 1 9 0 1 2 . 9 2 1 6 0 0 . 0 0 2 5 0 0 . 0 0 5 6 2 5 . 2 0 1 7 4 4 1 . 0 8 1 6 6 7 2 . 0 2 8 7 4 4 . 2 6 8 2 0 8 . 0 3 0 1 0 0
K - 3 q u a r e d ( a d j . f o r F - R a t i o
(Ftinh) 4 4 9 . 1 7 1 1 0 . 1 4 2 0 9 . 9 3 3 0 . 6 2 . 0 8 . 1 9 6 . 7 0 3 5 . 9 4 6 7 . 4 0 8 . 9 1
d . t . ) - P - v a l u e (Siatfip)
. 0 0 2 2 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 4 7 . 0 3 1 1 . 8 0 3 0 . 7 1 1 8 . 1 2 2 4 . 0 2 6 7 . 0 1 4 5 . 1 0 2 6
0 . 9 1 3 2 8 2
1
Hinh 3: Ket qua phan tich ANOVA cua phuong an bac H
Tu ket qua phan tich phuang sai cho thay cac he sd hdi quy b^^ {he sd cua X|*X^), b^^ (he sd cua Xj*Xj), bj, (be sd ciia X,-) khdng dam bao do tin cay va bi loai bd vi sir dnh hudng chi mang tinh ngau nhien.
Sau kbi loai bd cac he sd hdi quy khdng dam bao do tin cay ra khdi md hinh vd tien hdnh phan tich phuong sai lan hai ta cd cac he sd hdi quy nbu Hinh 4.
E f f e c t Sum (h^ so anh huong) A:X1 B:X2 C:X3 AB BB CC L a c k - o f - f i t P u r e e r r o r T o t a l ( c o r r . ) R - s q u a r e d = 0
ANOVA
of Squares
(tong binh phmmg) 1 3 . 5 2 0 0 0 0
3 . 3 1 5 3 1 3 6 . 3 1 9 0 1 2 . 9 2 1 6 0 0 1 . 0 1 7 0 1 1 1 . 9 4 3 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 4 4 9 4 . 0 6 0 2 0 0 2 7 . 9 2 3 9 7 3 3 961514
f o r Y DF (bac tir
6 2 14
- 3 f a c t o r Mean S q . do) (phirong sai) 1 3 . 5 2 0 0 0 0
3 . 3 1 5 3 1 3 6 . 3 1 9 0 1 2 . 9 2 1 6 0 0 1 . 0 1 7 0 1 1 1 . 9 4 3 0 1 1 . 1 6 9 0 8 ' "
. 0 3 0 1 0 0
R - s q u a r e d ( a d j . s t u d y
F -
f o r
Ratio
(Ftinh) 4 4 9 . 1 7 1 1 0 . 1 4 2 0 9 . 9 3 3 0 . 6 2 3 3 . 7 9 6 4 . 5 5 5 . 6 - '
d . f . ) =
P-value
(gia trip) . 0 0 2 2 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 4 7 . 0 3 1 1 . 0 2 8 3 . 0 1 5 1 . 1 5 6 8
0 . 9 3 2 6 4 9
Hinh 4: Ket qua phdn tich ANOVA cua phuong dn bac H sau khi loai bo sd lieu thd
Tu ket qua phan tich phuong sai ldn hai cho cdy (p = 0,1588 > 0,05) vd he sd hdi quy dugc thay tat ca cac he sd hdi quy ddu ddm bdo do tin thd hien tren Hinh 5.
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TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN HIEN
Regression coeffs. for 3 factor study c o n s t a n t .=
A:X1 B:X2 C:X3 AB BB CC
5,23385 - 1 , 3 - 0 , 6 4 3 7 5 - 0 , 8 8 8 7 5 - 0 , 4 8
0,523269 0,723269
Hinh 5: He so hdi quy
Ham phdn tram Idng cdn sdt Y d dang ma hod cddang:
Y = 5,23385 - l,3*X^ - 0,64375*X, 0,88875*X3 - 0,48*Xj*X^ -i- 0,523269*X^ + 0, 723269*X3^
Hdm phan tram long cdn sdt Q d dang thuc:
Q = 66,316 + 0,199*n - 0,8315*a - 0,8121*t - 2,4E-3*v* a -i- 5,2326E-3* a" ^ 7,2326E- 3*t-
Phan tich kit qud thirc nghiem
Dua vdo ham Y d dang ma hoa ta cd nhdn xet nhu sau:
Vdi sir cd mat ddy dii ciia cdc sd hang hdi (^y bde n, chung td cac yeu td nghien ciiu deu cd tac ddng phi tuyen den phan tram long cdn sdt. Muc do dnh hudng ciia cac he sd hdi quy d ca dang thuc ldn dang ma hoa den phdn tram Idng cdn sdt dugc trinh bay nhu Hinh 6.
.\ra
C:t B u CC BB .\B
-I^IH - : -^^H
i 5
1) 4 8 .-14.49 1 -10.49 - . s i i .,_ ., 81
53
12 16 20 -li
24
Hinh 6: Anh huo^g cua eae he sd hdi quy den phan tram long cdn sot Hinh 6 cho thay anh hudng ciia sd vong quay
canh cao Idng ddn chdt lugng sdn pham la ldn nhat, tidp theo la thdi gian cao va cudi ciing gdc nghiene ciia thanh dd phu. Dua vao Y d dang ma hod \ a Q d dang thuc ta ed do thj bieu dien theo
hai cap yeu td anh hudng den phdn trdm Idng cdn sdt, \ eu td cdn lai dugc giu d muc co sd. Hinh 6 cd ba dd thi d dang thuc gdm: Q-n-n: Q-n-t: Q-a-t ngodi ra cdn ba dd thi dang ma Y.-X -X.. Y -X - X,: Y,-X,-X. da dugc trinh bav.
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VAN HIEN UNIVERSFTY JOURNAL OF SQENCE
Estunaled REsponse Function EaimatHl Rcspoisc Fi
a) Quan he giua Q. n, a
5aimateii Response Funclr LiiiJteilRc-pon-eFimdi.
120 130 140 150 160
b) Quan be giira Q. a t
c) Quan he giua Q, a, i
Hinh 7 (7a, 7b, 7c): D6 thi quan he giua Q va n, a, t Qua cac dd thi d cac Hinh 7a, 7b, va 7c cho
thay sd vdng quay canh cao long tir 150-^ 1 dOvong/
phiit, gdc nghieng tu 110-^120 do va thdi gian cao Idng 50^60 gidy thi phdn tram long sdt tren da heo sau khi cao long la it nhat.
3.3. Ket qua tinh toan toi uu 3.3.1. Thdng sd tdi uu vd chi tieu toi uu
- Chi tieu tdi uu ve phan tram Idng cdn sdt dugc hidu nhu sau: lugng long cdn sdt lai tren da heo sau khi cao Idng la it nhdt trong qud hinh thuc nghiem vd san xudt.
- Thdng sd tdi uu Id cdc gid tn dam bao Ui sd chi tieu tdi uu.
- Bdi todn tdi uu dugc gidi bang phdn mem Matlab 2007a.
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TjBtP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN HIEN TAPS S 6 l
S.3.2. PhM bieu bdi torn tm tru Ham myc tieu:
% loi^ cdn sdt > rrm.
<=> Q-fl;D.a,t) • min
<=> Q = 66,316+0,199*n-0,8315*a-0,8121*t -2,4E-3*v* a +5,2326E-3* a^
+ 7^326E-3*t2 min T i o i ^ d d :
n - v^n t&c canh cao l&ig (vg^h) ; a - Gdc nghia^ flianh dd pfap (dg);
t - &di gian c^o long (£iay).
Dieu k i ^ bien:
140<M<160 1 0 0 < a < 1 2 0 40^f^60
3.3,3. Gid tri tdi uu
Dua vao phdn mem Matlab [4] ta gidi vd tim dugc gia tri tdi uu Q = 3,85% tai n - 160vdng/
phiit, vdi dudng kinh cdnh cao D1 = 0,44m van tdc ddi v = 3Jm/s, gdc nghieng thanh dd d phu a = 120 do va thdi gian cao long t = 56,4 giay.
4. Kit lu$D
Tren co sd cac may da thiet ke, che tao - may cao long heo kieu mdt true nam ngang cd flianh dd phu cd thd didu chinh dugc. Da xay dimg dugc md hinh thdng ke thuc nghiem md td anh hudng cua sd vdng quay canh cao long.
gdc nghidng thanh dd phu va thdi gian cao long tdi phdn tram long cdn sdt, vdi phuong trinh hdi quy:
Q = 66,316 + 0,199*n-0,8315*a-0,8121*t - 2,4E-3*v* a + 5,2326E-3* a'^2 + 7,2326E- 3*t^2
Qua ddy, xdc dinh dugc chi tieu tdi uu Id phdn tram long cdn sdt nhd nhdt Q = 3,85% ung vdi cac gid tri cua yeu td ddu vao la van tdc cdnh cao long V = 3,7m/s (tai n = 160vg/ph), gdc nghieng thanh dd d phu a = 120 do va thdi gian cao long t = 56,14 giay.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Nguyin Cdnh, 2004. Quy hogch thuc nghiem. NXB Dai hgc qudc gia TP.HCM.
[2] Vu Chi Cuong, Dinh Van Tuyen, Nguyin Thi Kim Anh, Nguyin Nggc Hudn, 2006. Che biin cdc phiJ phdm giet md. NXB Tdng hgp TP.HCM.
[3] Nguyin Van Hung, 1999. Gido trinh Thiit ki mdy. Trudng Dai hgc Ndng Lam TP.HCM.
[4] Nguyin Vdn Hung, 2008. Gido trinh phirong phdp sd vd Matlab ung dung. NXB Ndng nghiep, Hd Ndi.
[5] Kdskin N.I., Sukevich M.G., 1987. Sd tay vdt ly ca sd, Tran Lieu, Huy Hiin dich, NXB Cdng nhdn k j thudt Ha Ndi.
[6] Bui Van Mien vd cdng su, 2004. Nghien ciru cdc biin phdp sdn xudt vd chi bien thit heo gd sgch cho thi trudng thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh. Ket qud dl tai cdp thanh phd, TP.HCM.
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VAN HIEN UNIVERSrrV JOURNAL OF SQENCE
[7] Bui Van Mien va cdng sir, 2006a. Nghien cieu md hinh ddy chuyen giit md heo quy md nhd. Dd tai cdp Bg, Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phat hiin Ndng thdn. Ha Ngi.
[8] Bdi Vdn Mien va cgng sir, 2006b. Hodn thiin cdng ngh? vd thiit bi cho ddy chuyen giet md heo quy md nhd. Bdo cdo ket qua du an san xudt thu nghi?m cdp Bd. B2006-12-01.
[9] US PATENT 2.517.880: Animal carcass dehairing machine, Ittel H. A., 1950.
[10 Nguyen Thien va Dodn Xuan Tnic, 2006. Td chirc sdn xudt. giii md che bien vd xudt khdu thit Ion a Viet Nam. NXB Ndng nghiep, Hd Ngi.
[11] Dang Thanh Trung vd Vo Thai Bmh, 2006. Nghien cuu, thiit ki vd khdo nghiem hi thdng giet md heo. Luan vdn tdt nghiep Dai hgc, Trudng Dai hgc Ndng Lam TP.HCM.
[12] Jming Xinglong food machinery manufacturing Co., Ltd, Mdy cao long heo. http://hun- giong. asia/San-pham/30904/68500/May-cao-long-heo.html, ngay miy cap 25/02/2016.
[13] Abattou Equipment Supplies, Combined Scadling and Pig Dehairing Machines, http://
www.abattoirequipmentsupplies.com/pig-combined-scald-dehairer, ngay truy cap 25/02/2016.
[14] MPS - Meat processing systems Group, Hercules Dehairing machine. http://viTvw.mps- group.nl/en/mps-red-meat-slaughtering/pig-slaughter-lines/sealding-dehairmg-and-wash- ing/hercules-dehairing-machine/, ngdy b^y cap 25/02/2016.
