KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
TAC DdlMG C U A DOM DIEIM DOI THLTA DEM 5 A M X U A T MdMG MGHIEP TREM D|A BAM HUYEM TAM MOMG,
TiMH PHU THO
Nguydn Khdc Vidt B&\ Nguydn Quang Huy', Dd Van Nhg' T6MTAT
Cong tac don di^n ddi thua da duoe ti&n hanh qua nhieu giai doan va cung dong gop nhal dinh cho phat trien nong nghidp a mfii th6i ky. Thuc ta, tir nam 2014 den 2017. huyen Tam Nong. tinh Phu Thp da trien khai cdng tac don difin ddi thua tai 19/20 xa va da thu dugc nhung k^t qua nhat dinh. Nghien cuu dat ra muc U^u Id danh gia ket qua cong tac don dien ddi thua giai doan 2014-2017 va danh gia anh hudng ciia cdng ldc ddn didn ddi thtra ddn san xuat ndng nghiep tren dia ban huyen Tam Nong, tinh Phu Thp, Kdt qua nghi6n ctru chi ra rang sau don dien doi Ihtia sd thua /hd giam dang kd tir 12.73 thua/ho xudng cdn 8.74 thua/hd. didn tich fren mdi thua tSng len 182 m', tang them 17 trang trai nong nghiep vdi dien tich 46 ha.
dat giao thdng lang len 32,75 ha, dat thuy loi giam 19,61 ha. Sau ddn dien nang suat hau hdt cay trdng deu tang, di?n tich cay hang hoa nhu rau mau tang, liia ngo giam. Ben canh dd cdng tac ddn dien cung tac dpng ddn vide thuc hien thanh cdng quy hoach cac vimg san xual ndng nghiep Uen dia ban c^c xS, Nhu v^ly, ddn didn ddi tiiira ddng gop mdt phan vao viec tich tu rudng dat va tao didu kien thuan lpi cho ndng nghidp phat tridn theo hudng hang boa.
Tir khod: Ddn dien do'i thua, san xuat ndng nghiep, huyen Taw Nong.
I.BATVAND^
Thijc bidn Nghi dinh 64/1993/ND-CP ngay 27 tiiang 09 nam 1993 eua Chinh phu ve giao dat ndng nghidp cho cac hd gia dinh ca nhan, vdi phuong cham giao dat ndng nghiep on dinh lau dai, "cd tdt - cd xau", "cd xa - cd gan" da dan den dat dai manh miin, phan tan, khd khan ti'ong viec hinh thanh cac vimg san xuat chuyen canh vdi canh ddng mau ldn.
Trtrde thtrc frang fren, nhieu dia phuong da tidn hanh cdng tac ddn dien ddi thua dat ndng nghiep vdi muc tidu giam sd thua dat ndng nghiep, tang binh quan di^n tich dat fren tiiua la tien dd thue day qua trinh tich tu rupng dat, hinh thanh canh ddng mdu ldn.
Tdng ket edng tae ddn dien ddi thiia cho tiiay cd nhi^u dia phtrong da frien khai rat tot nhu xa Hai Dudng (Hai Hau. Nam Dinh), xa An Ninh (Tidn Hai, Thai Binh),xaTliuy Huong (Chuong My, Ha Ndi)...
Kdt qua cdng tac ddn dien doi Ihtra da cd nhiing ddng gdp nhdt dinb frong khai thac tidm nang dat dai, phal tiien kinh le cua cae dia phuong (Huynh Van Chuong, 2013; Vu Dinh Tdn, 2008, Xuan Thi Thu Thao, 2015). Nhidu noi da g ^ ddn dien ddi thtra vdi xay dung ndng thdn mdi de quy hoach cac vting san xuat ndng nghiep ldn. nang cao hieu qua san xuat
ndng nghiep (Nguydn Xuan Thao, 2004; Ngd Xu^n Toan, 2014; Vii Thi Binh, 2003; Dd Van Nha. 2016).
Ben canh dd, don dien ddi thtra ciing tao ra qu? dat cho phat trien giao thdng, bd tri lai hd tiidng tiiuy lpi, quy dat edng ich dupe ddn vd cac vi tri hpp ly lam eo sd eho viec ddi dat de xay dung cac cdng trinh phuc loi (Huynh Van Chuong, 2013; Tran Viet Dung, 2014;
Tran Thanh Dire, 2017).
Tam Ndng la mdt frong nhung huydn di dau cua tinh Phu Tho frong edng tac ddn didn ddi thua theo Nghi quyet 18-NQ/TU cua Ban Thudng vu tinh uy ngay 17 tiiang 6 nam 2004. Tinh den nam 2017, cdng lac ddn dien ddi thua da dat dugc kel qua nhat dinh, cu tiie binh quan sd thua/ho da giam ttr 12,7 thua/hd xudng con 8,7 thua/hd, binh quan dien tich/tiiua cung tang tij 252,93 mVhd len 434,49 mVhp. Cung vdi ke't qua ddn didn doi tiiiia, san xuat ndng nghiep cua huydn da ed nhung tiiay ddi dang ke nhu nhieu vung san xuat vdi canh ddu mSu ldn duoe hinh tiianh; he tiidng giao thdng, tiiuy loi ndi dong dugc quy hoach lai hoan chinh. Nhimg kel qua da dat dugc la tidn dd quan frgng de dia phuong tiep tuc tnen khai ddn didn ddi thua nham khai thac idi da tidm nang phat tiien san xuat ndng nghidp cua huyen.
Hoc \ien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam
WAKI<= M G H I C P V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
2 . PHUONG PHAP NGIBI CUU
2.1. Phtrong phip chpn di&n nghifen oiu Tam Ndng la huydn da trien khai kha nhanh va dat dtrgc nhtmg kdt qua tdt frong ddn ddi rudng dat so vdi cac dia phuong khac frong tinh. Vdi dae tnmg ctia mdt vung ban son dia, lai cd vi tri dia ly thuan loi cho phal trien kinh le. Tinh den nam 2017, huyen Tam Ndng da 2 lan thtrc hidn ddn didn ddi thiia va da cd nhimg xa dat ket qua tdt, nhtmg cung cd nhiing xa chua Uio ra duoc su thay ddi edng tac ddn dien ddi thtra. Trong nghien cuu nay, lua chpn xa Huong Ndn va Td Ld la 2 xa da dat ket qua cao ddi vdi ddn dien va cung la dai didn cho 2 viing dia hinh chinh eua huydn, dc phdng van ngiiu nhien 60 hd gia dinh san xual ndng nghi?p vd anh htrdng cua cdng lac ddn dien ddi thiia den san xuaL
2.2. Phuong phip thu tiilp sd Udu
• Didu tia thdng tin sd lieu thd cap: dd la nhimg thdng tin. so lidu cd bdn quan true Pep ho|c gian tiep den qua trinh ddn didn doi thiia da duoe cdng bd.
Cdc thdng tin ehu ydu gdm: sd lieu vd dieu kien tu nhidn. kinh te xa hgi, hidn ti^mg sti dung dat ndng nghidp qua eac nam, cdc van ban vd chinh sach ddt dai va cac kdt qua cua ddn didn ddi thiia tai cac xa fren dta ban huydn Tam Ndng.
•Didu tra sfcap.'kdt qua danh gia ciia ngtrdi dan ve nhung anh htrdng cua ddn didn ddi thiia den san xuat ndng nghidp cua hd gia dinh duge long hop ttr bang hdi didu fra ndng hd. Cac hd dtroc phdng van la nhung hg lao ddng ndng nghidp va lua chgn ngau nhidn ti'dn dia ban cua 2 xa didm la Htrong \ d n va Td Ld. Sd lugng hp phai didu fra cua nghidn cihi duge xac dinh theo cdng tiiuc Yaniane:
J V
1 -r N - e -
Trong dd: N la sd lugng tdng the; e la sai sd chpn mau.
Trong nghien ctiu nay, sai sd chgn miu la 10% va so luong hg gia dinh dupe lua chgn ngau nhidn cua 2 xa la 60 hd.
2.3. Phuong phip tdng hgp xii ly sd Udu Phirong phap nay duge su dung de xu' ly cac sd lieu vd hidn trang sir dung dat, hidn frang sir dung dat ndng nghiep, sd thira dat ndng nghidp truoc va sau ddn didn doi thiia. hieu qua su dung dat trtrde va sau don didn ddi thira...
2.4. Phuong phap so sinh
Duge su dyng dd xac dinh muc do tii.iy ddi cua cac chi tidu trtrde va sau ddn dien ddi tiitra. bao gdm:
dien tich eua cic muc dich sii dung dat ndng nghidp.
binh quan didn tieh dat ndng nghiep/hg, binh quin sd thua/hd. didn tich cua cac loai dai giao thdng, thuy lgi,...
S.KFTQUAVATlMOLUiUI
3.1. Di^u ki§n h^ nhidn, kinh td - xa hOi h u y ^ Tam Ndng
Tam Ndng la huydn nim phia Ddng Nam ctia tinh Phu Thp, vdi toa do dia ly ttr 21" 13' den 21" 24' dd vT Bac, 105" 09' den 105° 21' dp kinh Ddng. Huydn cd vi tri dja ly thuan lgi cho vide phat trien kinh td - xa hdi, la dau mdi giao thdng quan frong kdl ndi Thii dd Ha Npi vdi cac tinh phia Bac.
Kinh te cua huyen frong nhiing nam gdn dSy da cd nhirng bude phdt trien dang ke. Tdc do tang trudng kmh td nam 2017 dat 12,1%/nam. MSe du nganh ndng nghidp vdn tang trudng va cd ddng gdp ldn nhat trong nen kinh te cua huyen, nhung co cau kmh id da chuyen dich theo hudng giam ty frgng nganh ndng nghiep, tang ly frgng cua khdi nganh cdng nghidp v^ dieh vu. Nam 2017, ty frgng nganh ndng lam nghidp eua huydn chi cdn 35,9%, nganh cdng nghiep - xay dung dat 31,5% va nganh thtrang mai-dieh vu la 32,6%.
Di ciing vdi su tang trudng ve kmh le dd la nhirng thay doi ve xa hdi. Trong nhirng nam gan day, ty Id tang dan sd tu nhien cua huydn ludn dtrgc duy tn b miic on dmh va an loan (nam 2017 la 1,03%).
Ben canh do. bang nhidu giai phap giup ngudi dan phal frien kinh id hd gia dinh, ty le hd ngheo frdn dja ban huydn cung dang giam dang ke. Hang nam, giai quyet viee lam cho hon 1000 lao ddng dia phuong. Ty le khu dan cu dat khu dan cu van hoa la 87,2%, ty Id ngudi tham gia bao hiem xa hgi la 75,7%. Co sd ha tang ky thuat va ha tdng xa hgi cua huyen Tam Ndng hien nay tuong ddi day du va ddng bd. Vd an nmh - qudc phdng. tiie fran qudc phdng loan dan gin vdi the fran an ninh nhan ddn thudng xuyen dtroc cung CO, an nmh chinh tri thudng xuydn dugc bag dam.
Didu nay eho Ihay ddi sdng eua ngutji dan dang dan dugc cai thien ca ve mat vat chat va Pnh than.
3.2. Thuc fr^uig su dimg d^t ndng nghidp trubc va sau ddn didn
Thuc frang su dung dat ndng nghidp (_-ua Tam Nong trudc va sau ddn didn ddi Ihir' :,,
> bien 134 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THAfy,, 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
dpng dang ke. Tdng didn tich dat ndng nghiep sau don didn la 11696.57 ha, tang 523,06 ha so vdi tiiroe thdi diem ddn didn. Nguyen nhan ehinh dan ddn bidn dpng ldn ve didn tieh dat ndng nghiep frong giai do^n nay la do thay ddi phuong phap kiem kd dat dai
nam 2015. Mdt phan nho, la do qua frinh ddn didn ddi thiia da giup tang 6,36 ha dien tieh dat ndng nghidp giao cho cac hd gia dmh. Chi tidt bidn ddng eac loai dat ndng nghiep dtrgc the hien frong bang 1.
STT
1 U 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 3 4
Chi tieu D^tndnKDfrhi^p Dit san xuat nong nghiep D^t trong cay hang nam Bat trong Ida Bat trong cay hang nam khac
Dat trong cay lau nam Dat lam nghiep Dat rimg san xuat Dat ning phong ho Dat nuoi trong thuy san Dat nong nghiep khac
Truoc don di^n (Nam 2013) Dien tich
(ha) 11173,51
6946,23 4612,63 3236,05 1376,58 2333,60 3430,51 3210,47 220,04 774,29 22,48
Cff cau
(%)
100,00 62,17 41,28 28,96 12,32 20,89 30,70 28.73 1,97 6,93 0,20
Sau d6n dien (Nam 2017) Dien tich
(ha) 11696,57
7311,11 4894,64 3478,84 1415.80 2416,47 3509,41 3289,37 220,04 807,56 68,48
Co cau
(%)
100,00 62,51 41,85 29,74 12,10 20,66 30,00 28,12 1,88 6,90 0,59
Bien dong (ha)
523,06 364,88 282,01 242,79 39,22 82.87 78,90 78,90 0,00 33,27 46,00 Ngudn: Chi nhanh Van phdng Dang ky QSDD huyen Tam Ndng Kdl qua d bang 1 cho thay frong nhdm dat san
xuat ndng nghidp thi dat frdng eay bdng nam, loai dat tham gia vao qua ti'inh ddn dien doi thiia cd mtrc lang ldn nhat la 282,01 ha so vdi trude thdi didm ddn dien. Trong dd, didn ticb dat frdng lua sau ddn dien tang nhidu nhat vdi 242,79 ha tang them, dien tich ddt ti'dng cay hang nam khac tang thap vdi 39,22 ha.
Vdi chu titrong chuyen doi eo cdu san xudt ndng nghidp, frong giai doan nay tap trung phal trien va
md rdng quy md frang frai trdn dja ban huydn. vi vay, dien tich ddt ndng nghiep khac tren dia ban huydn da dat 68,48 ha, tang 46 ha so vdi trudc thdi didm ddn didn. Cd duge ket qua nay la mgl phdn ddng gdp khdng nhd tir qua trinh ddn didn doi thiia, lao dieu kidn thuan loi frong viec tich tu rudng dat md rdng va phal tnen frang frai quy nio Idn.
3.3. Thuc frang cdng tic ddn didn ddi thiia frdn dia ban huydn Tam Ndng
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bang 2. K^t qua don dien doi thira Tieu chi
Dien tich dat NN giao cho ho gia dinh (ha) Sd ho SXNN (ho)
Sd thiia dat NN (thira)
Binh quan dien tich dat NN/hd (mVhd) Binh quan thira/ho (thua/hd) Binh quan dien tich/thua (mVthiia)
cua huy6n Tam Ndng Trudi:
ddn didn 4672,03 16,718 211.346 2794.6 12,73 252.93
Sau ddn didn 4678,39
16,765 148.983
2790,6 8,74 434,49
Bidn dpng 6,36 47 -62.363
4,0 -3,99 181,57 Trong giai doan 2004 - 2008, huyen Tam Ndng
da dat dtroc nhimg thanh cdng nhat dinh frong vide ddn doi rudng ddt. Vdi 18/20 xa, thi frdn trien khai
Ngudn: Phdng TNMT huyen Tam Ndng tiiuc hidn, 163/166 khu hanh chinh tham gia, 11.722 ho ndng nghiep tham gia, didn tieh don ddi la 1.109,87 ha, tuong ung vdi 59.014 Ihira. Tuy nhidn, M A M / = I w n u i c p VA PHATTRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - T H A N G 9/2019 135
KHOA HOC CONG NGHt ket qua do van cdn nhimg ban chd nhat dinh frong
viec phat trien ndng nghidp vdi quy md va bidu qua cao hon. De thiic day phat trien san xudt ndng nghidp theo hudng san xuat bang hoa, giai doan 2014 - 2017 huydn Tam Ndng tidp tiic thuc hidn cdng tac ddn didn ddi thiia lan thu 2. Kdt qua thd hign dbang 2.
Kdt qua d bang 2 cho thay, didn tich dat ndng nghidp duge giao cbo eac hg gia dinh tang 6,36 ha Irong giai doan 2014 - 2017, nguydn nhan mdt phan la do qua trinh kiem kd ddt dai theo phtrong phap
mdi cd dd chinh xac cao ban va khi ddn dien ddi thua dien tieh bd vung, bd thira bi mal di. Tdng so thira dat ndng nghidp cua huydn da giam la (i2.363 thtra;
bmh quan thila/hg cbi cdn 8,74 thib h". gidm 3,99 thiia/bd so vdi trudc don didn; binh quan didn tich dat ndng nghidp/thira cung tang dang ke sau ddn didn ldn tiianh 434,49 mVtiiira. tang 181.57 nr'/thua.
Do dac ti-ung ciia yeu td dia hinh va lap quan san xuat khien cho ket qua thuc hign khdng dong nhdt b cac xa, cu the duoe the hidn frong bang 3.
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
BJng Don vi hanh chinh cap xa Quang Hue TirMj
Tdii
Himg Dd Hung Hoa Vuc Truimg Huong Ndn Thuong Ndng Thp van Hdng Da Tain Cudng Huong Nha DiNau Hidn Quan Xuan Quang Thanh Uyen Dau Duong Phuong Thinh CdTiet
T6ng
3. Bi^n ddng cdc chi tidu binh quSn Tnidfc ddn didn
Binh quan thira/hd
(Thira) 21.61 19.02 14,87 14.1 21,37 10.58 6.44 16.44 6,49 8.09 14,07 7,56 10,64 14,03 4.97 17,74 9.73 16,65 12,36 12,73
Binh quan DT/thira
(m-") 152,82 231,68 376.09 304,73 130,33 219.39 233,56 224.66 419.67 219.2 177,52 175.98 319.99 130,89 250,9 166.93 264.43 178.38 217,03
tnz6c v^ sau d6a d i ^ Sau ddn dien
Binh quan thira/hd
(Thua) 3,94 4.39 4.38 8.23 16.03 5,84 3,71 13,23 3,71 5,76 11,76
5,92 9,08 13,01
4.01 16.99 9.15 16,37 12,29 252,93 i 8,74
Binh quan DT/thira
(m^
835,58 1002,44 1271,39 521,8 173,52 405,75 365,65 278,64 733,67 307,63 236,19 212,06 374,84 139,59 311,32 174,07 281,2 181,3 218,26 434,49
So sanh bien dgng Binh
quan thu:a/hd
-17,67 -14,63 -10,49 -5,86 -5,34 -4,74 -2,73 -3,2 -2,78 -2,33 -2,3 -1,64 -1,56 -1,02 -0,97
•0,75 -0,58 -0,29 -0,07 -3,99
Binh quan di6n tich/thira
682,76 770,76 895,3 217,06 43,2 186,35
132,1 53,98 314 88,43 58,67 36,08 54.85 8,7 60,43
7,14 16,76 2,92 1,22 181,57 Ngudn: Phong TN-MThuyen Tam Ndng thua/hd. Sau ddn didn, binh quan so thua/ho o nhang xa nay chi con 3,94 - 4,38 111 ir:i /li r,
Ddng thdi, sau ddn dien ddi thmi binh quan dien tich/thua tai hau hel cac xa tin tran deu lang, la mdt trong nhtmg yeu td quan trong thdc day ,u thay ddi NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THA-.'; 9/20,9 Kel qua 0 bang 3 cd the thdy, sau ddn dien ddi
thira Ihi bmh quan sd tiiiia/hd gia dinh d edc xa hdu het ddu da giam. trung bmh loan buygn giam 3,99 tiiiia/bd. Trong dd. cae xa Quang Hue. Td My. Te Le la nhung xa co muc giam rat ldn tu 10,49 - 17.67
136
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
trong san xudt ciia hd gia dmh. Bmh quan dien dch/tinia cua huydn tang 181,57 mVtiiita.
Ngoai ra. ddn dien ddi thira cdn giup giam dang k^ quy md s6 lirong cdc thua dat cd dien tieh nhd hon 360 mVtiiua. Kdt qua nghidn cihi chi ra rdng, sd thira dat cd didn tieh nho hon 360 m^/thiia giam
BSng 4. Quy md sd lugng thira ddt cd di§n tich nho hem 360 m^/thua
60.691 tiiua tii 161.745 ttiiia frudc ddn didn xuong cdn 101.054 tiiira sau ddn didn ddi tiiiia. Dieu nay ddng nghia vdi vide frong giai doan 2014 - 2017, vide ddn didn doi thira d cac xa da tap trung nhung thira nhd thanh cac thua ldn bon. Chi tidt dtrgc thd hien b bang 4.
Tenxa Quang Hue TeLd Huong Ndn Vuc Trucmg Tam Cudng Thupng Ndng Hung Hda Thanh Uy§n Hidn Quan Tho van
Trudc ddn ddi
14.906 10.144 11.910 6.089 6.778 8.242 11.866 18.213 16.134 3.793
Sau don ddi
2.487 1.210 5.940 1.425 3.300 5.012 9.008 15.386 13.707 1.455
So sanh bien dong -12.419
-8.934 -5.970 -4.664 -3.478 -3.230 -2.858 -2.827 -2.427 -2.338
Tenxa Xuan Quang Hdng Da Dau Dirong Phuong Thmh Huong Nha DiNau Hiing Dd TtiMy CdTiet Van Luong
Tnnjc ddn ddi
4.526 4.036 J 2.979 8.983 7.338 6.986 3.762 1.457 10.970 2.633
Sau ddn doi
2.308 1.836 1.295 7.513 6.123 6.017 2.921 666 10.812 2.633
So sanh bidn ddng -2.218 -2.200
•1.684 -1.470 -1.215 -969 -841 -791 -158 0 3.4. Anh hudng cua ddn didn ddn san xudt ndng
nghidp
Bdng 5. Thuc trang phdt tridn trang frai trudc vd sau ddn didn
Ngudn: Phdng TN-MT huydn Tam Ndng 3.4.1. Phat tridn tiang tiai
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Tdnxa Thanh Uyen Thuong Ndng Phuong Tlimh DiNau Huong Ndn Tam Cirimg Huong Nha Hiing Dd TuMy Vuc Tnrdng T e l i Quang Hue Tho Van
Tdng
Sau don dien Sd lupng
1 4 1 3 3 1 2 3 2 1 3 3 5 32
Dien tich (ha) 2,73 4,92 0,56 6,4 8,6 3,2 5,73 4,46 3,7 4,1 7,93 7,63 8,52 68,48
Trudc ddn dien Sdluong
0 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 2 1 2 15
Dien tich (ha)
0 1.71 0,56 2,73 1,3 2,8 0 0 3,7 4,1 2,5 0,5 2,58 22,48
Bidn ddng Sd Itrong
1 2 0 1 2 0 2 3 0 0 1 2 3 17
Didn tich (ha) 2,73 3,21 0 3,67
7,3 0,4 5,73 4,46 0 0 5,43 7.13 5,94 46
kiAMiTIi M/:^UICD \ / A PNATTPiFM N O N G THON - KY 1 - T H A N G 9/2019
Ngudn: Ket gui didu tia 137
Phat Irun frang trai la mdt htrdng di quan frong de thuc {la\' su phat tridn ciia nganh ndng nghidp.
Tnrdc ddn didn. loan huydn chi cd 15 trang trai boat ddng tai 10/20 xa vdi didn tich binh quan 1,49 ha/trang frai. vdn cdn thap hon so vdi tieu cbuan 2.1 ha de dugc cdng nhan trang trai. Sau don dien ddi thtra. vide tieh lu rugng dat phat trien trang trai fren dia ban huydn cung dd dang hon rat nhieu. Sd lugng frang frai fren dia ban huydn sau ddn didn la 32 trang trai frdn 13 xa, tang 17 trang trai so vdi tnrdc ddn didn. Quy md di^n tich dat phat trien trang trai eua huydn cung tang tir 22.48 ha ldn 68,48 ha sau ddn didn ddi thua. Thuc frang phat fridn frang trai fren dia ban huydn dtrgc thd hien frong bang 5
Kdl qua b bang 5 cho thay. sau ddn dien ddi Ihira, eac xa nhu Thtrong Ndng. Tir My. Vuc Trudng khdng cd su thay doi vd quy md sd lugng va didn tich dat phal tndn frang Irai. Trong khi dd, cac xa dat dugc kdt qua cao frong ddn didn ddi thua nhu Hirong Ndn. Td Ld. Quang Hue, Di Nau la nhirng xa cd s\f phal tridn quy md didn tich frang trai manh nhdt.
Binh quan didn tich/ti^ng frai tai nhtmg xa nay ddu
dap ung dugc tidu chudn cdng nh?in tiang trgi cua Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT voi tiiu tv lan Imrt Huong Ngn 12.87 ha/frang trai), Te l i (2.(U ha/trang tr^), Quang Hue (2,54 h a / t i ^ g tini). Dj Nau (2.13 ha/trang frgi).
\"iec hinh tiianh cac trang trai cd quy md ldn sau ddn didn ddi tiiua da gdp phdn dgt dugc muc tidu chuyen ddi ca cdu ndng nghiep tiieo dung hudng cua dia phuong. Didu nay da giup tiiay ddi dang kd tiiu nhap bmh quan ciia cac hg gia dinh ndng nghidp.
3.4.2. Didn ticb. nSng suat mdt sd cay tidng chinh
Ben canh vice tgo didu kidn tiiuan lgi phat tiidn md hinh frang frai. don dien ddi tiiira cdn thuc day qua trinh chuydn ddi co cau cdy ti'dng frdn dia ban huydn tiieo hudng san xudt hang boa. Theo kdl qua tiidng kd, da ed sv tiiay ddi dang kd vd dign tich, nang sudl. san Itrgng ciia cac loai cdy frdng chinh tnroe va sau ddn dien ddi tiiua. Cu thd dugc thd hidn frong bang 6,
I T
1 2 3 4 5 6
B4nK6. Difnlich,
Cay trdng
Cay Ilia Cay ngd Lac fou Dau ttrong Khoai l<Tng
aang suit, sdn lupng Tnidc ddn dien DiSn
tich (ha) 4266,7 1509.8 666.8 650,4 46,8 19,7
NSng suat (ta/ha)
55,75 51,6 19.6 135.5 15,9 60,05
San luong
(tan) 23778,4
7790,1 1307 8811,8 74,6 118,3
mOt s^ cay tr6ng chinh trudc va sau ( Sau ddn didn
Didn tich (ha) 4232,4
Nang sual (ta/ha)
56,8 1343.2 1 54
552.5 764.7 25,9 13,5
21,2 138 16,7 71
San luong
(tan) 24019.3
7259,4 1169,2 10556,7 43,3 95,9
dn di^n Bidn ddng Didn
tich (ha) -34,3 -166,6 -114,3 114,3 -20,9 -6,2
Nang suat (ta/ha)
1,05 2,4 1,6 2,5 0,8 10,95
San luong
(tan) 240,9 -530,7 -137,8 1744,9 -31,3 -22,4
Sau ddn dien, cay lua van la cay frdng ehinh frdn dja ban huyen nhtmg quy md didn tieh gieo frdng da giam 34.3 ha do tnmg dung dat phuc vu phat tridn kinh te xa hdi. Cung voi cay Ida, mdt so cay frong hang nam kliac nhu ngd. lac, sdn, dau tuong va khoai lang cung da giam didn tich gieo frong va san luong so vdi tnroc thdi didm ddn didn ddi thtra. Trong khi do. sau don dien ddi thiia dien tieh frdng rau da tang 114.3 ha va san lugng tang rat lon vdi 1.744.9 tdn.
3.4.3. Quy hoach giao tiidng. thuy lai ndi ddng
Ngudn: Nidn giam Thdng ke huydn Tam Ndng Cung vdi cdng lac don didn ddi thiia la vide quy hoach lai hd tiidng giao tiidng, tiiuy lgi ndi dong, bd vimg, bd thira. He thdng giao tiidng ndi ddng dugc quy boach md rdng da tao didu kien tiiuan lgi dua co gidi hoa vao frong san xudt ndng nghiep. H^ thdng tiiuy lgi dugc hoan tiiidn hon. he tiidng kenh muong chinh da duge kien cd bd long boa, dua ty I^ ludi tidu chu ddng ldn ddn frdn 90%. Didn tieh giao thdng, tiiuy lgi tiirdc va sau ddn dien ddi tiiira tiie hidn frong bang 7.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRllN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Bang 7. D i ^ tich giao thdng, tiiuy lgi tnidc vd sau ddn didn
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Xa Hung Hoa Quang Hue Dau Dirtmg Vuc Trudng Hiing Dd Tho van Thanh Uydn DiNau T d U Xuan Quang Huong Ndn Thuong Ndng Tii My Huong Nha Hien Quan Tam Cudng Hong Da CdTiet Phuong Thinh Van Luang
Tdng
Dien tich tnrdc don didn (ha) Giao thdng
32,9 48,37 16,48 19,1 8,27 51,11 49,17 24,46 39,33 46,44 57,62 52,16 27,07 40,05 49,21 19,54 19,04 55,56 42,59 49,29 747,76
Thuy loi 10,24 26,79 10,86 5,45 6,02 11,06 7,34 16,43 29,55 8,04 18,15 36,2 8,71 4,92 6,48 20,11 17,79 3,38 56,58
6,16 310,26
Dien tich sau ddn dien (ha) Giao thdng
35,1 50,57 18,74 21,25 9,91 53,11
50,4 25,58 41,53 46,79 59,49 54,4 27,73 43,85 50,31 20,98 21,08 56,25 44,15 49,29 780,51
Thuy loi 13,95 27,48 11,44 6,7 6,62 11,66 8,26 17,01 33,26 8,47 19,17 36,93 9,51 5,12 7,63 20,78 18,09 3,95 57,68
6,16 329,87
Bien ddng (+ tang, - giam) Giao thdng
2,2 2,2 2,26 2,15 1,64 2 1,23 1,12 2,2 0,35 1,87 2,24 0,66 3,8 1,1 1,44 2,04 0,69 1,56 0 32,75
Thuy loi 3,71 0,69 0,58 1,25 0,6 0,6 0,92 0,58 3,71 0,43 1,02 0,73 0,8 0,2 1,15 0,67 0,3 0,57 1,1
0 19,61 Kdt qua b bang 7 cho thay, vdi 19/20 xa, thi frdn
tham gia ddn didn thi didn tich giao thdng va thuy lgi deu tang, nhtmg mtic tang la khdng ddng nhat b timg xa. Sau ddn dien ddi thira, long dien tich ddt giao thdng ciia loan huydn da tang 32,75 ha, frong dd Dau Dtrong la xa cd dien tich giao thdng tang nhieu nhdt
Ngudn: Phdng TN-MT huydn Tam Ndng vdi 2,26 ha, it nhdt la xa Xuan Quang vdi miic tang 0,35 ha. Trong khi dd, long dien tich thuy loi toan huyen tang 19,61 ha vdi miic tang nhieu nhdt la 3,71 ha tai thi frdn Htmg Hod va thdp nhat la 0,3 ha 6 xa Hdng Da.
3.4.4. Quy hoach vimg sin xuat ndng nghiep
ST T
2 3
xa
Huong Ndn Hong Da Dau Duong
Bang 8. K^t qua thuc h i ^ quy hoach Ndi dung
QH viing san xuat Ilia gidng QH viing chuyen ddi co cau cay trdng QH viing san xuat liia gidng QHviingchuyenddico can cay trdng QH vimg san xuat liia gidng QH viing chuydn ddi ca cau cay h-dng
vimg san xuat ndng nghidp Phuong an
QHSXNN Sd lutmg
4 5 3 3 3
Dien tich (ha)
35 9 23,49
5,80 23,11 4 6.49
Ket qua thuc hi^n Sd luong
4 5 3 3 3 4
Di$n tich (ha)
34,2 8,3 22,67
5,49 22,43
6,10 Tyle
thuc hien
(%)
97,71 92,22 96,54 94,68 97,05 93,94 MOMo, MCMICD UA PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CdNG NOHt Thugrng
Ndng CdTiet Vuc Trudng
QH vung san xuat liia gidng
QH vung chuydn ddi ca cau cay trdng QH viing san xuat lua gidng QH viing chuydn ddi CO cau cay trdng
6 8 3 8 3 4
52,46 15.05
6 8 26.35 1 3 14,53 24,17 7,10
8 3 4
4S.44 13.47 23,66 13,42 23,23 6,61
92,34 89,54 89,78 92,37 96,14 92,99
Trtrde ddn dien, do quy md sd lugng va didn tich ciia eac thiia ddt ndng nghidp vin cdn cao nen chtra hinh thanh dugc cac vung chuydn canh san xudt vdi canh ddng mdu ldn fren dia ban huyen. Day la mOt frong nhidu nguydn nhan khid'n cac xa khdng the ve dich ndng thdn mdi. Sau don didn vol nhdng kdt qua dat duge da giup 6/20 xa trien khai thanh cdng phuong an quy hoach san xudt ndng nghidp. Kdt qua cu thd duge the hidn frong bang 8.
Kdt qua tai bang 8 cho thay sd lugng vung san xudt ndng nghidp da dat ra frong phuong dn quy hogch cua ca 6 xa ddu da thuc hidn thanh cdng. Ket qua thuc bidn vd mat didn tich cae san xuat vung ndng nghidp dat 90 -98%, frong dd cao nhat la vimg lua gidng xa Htrong Ndn dat 98% va thap nhat la vung chuydn ddi xa Thugng Ndng dat 90%. Nhu vay, cd
Ngudn: Kdt qui dieu tia xuat ndng nghidp la kha cao, frong dd cd su ddng gdp rat ldn tir ket qua cua cdng tac ddn didn ddi thtra, tao ra cac khu vuc chuyen ddi thuan lgi hon.
3.4.5. Ho$t ddng san xuat ciia hd gia dinh ndng nghiep
Ket qua cua cdng tac ddn didn ddi thiia da mang 1^ nhiing lgi ieh nhdt dinh cho edc hg gia dinh ndng nghidp. Theo kdt qua danh gid cua 60 hd gia dinh tai 2 xa Huong Ndn va Td Ld vdi 7 tieu chi. mdi tidu chi danh gia vdi 4 muc do t^ 2 thdi didm trudc vd sau ddn didn d6i tiitra. Kdt qua cho tiiay cdng tae ddn didn ddi tinia da thuc su dem lai nhiing tin hidu ti'ch cue va lgc quan cho thay ddi kinh td hg gia dinh, cung nhu la thay ddi qua trinh san xudt ndng nghidp ciia dia phuong. Kdl qua danh gia eua ngudi dftn thd hidn frong bang 9.
thd thdy kdt qua thuc hidn cac vung quy boach san
Bdng 9. Ddnh gia cua hd gia dinh hidu qud cua ddn didn ddi thtra
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Tieu chi danh gia Qua h'inh di chuyen
Kha nang hep can he thdng tudi heu Su dung he thdng giao thdng ndi ddng Ap dung CO gidi hoa
Lua chon gidng cay h'ong Giam cdng lao ddng Tang thu nhap hd
Tnrdc ddn didn
1 2
25.0 1 33,3
18,3 3 20,0 55,0 51,7 8,3 81,7 3,3 75,0
4 80,0 20,0 15,0 91,7 0,0 96,7 25,0
Sau ddn didn 1
96,7 6,7 100 98,3 88,3 23,3 95,0
2 3,3 93.3 1.7 11,7 58,3 5,0
3
18,3 4
Ngudn: Ket qua didu tra nong ho Ghi chii: 1. Rai thuan loi: 2. Thuan lai: 3. Khong thuan loi: 4. Rat khdng thuan loi
Qua danh gia ciia ngucri dan cho thay ddn dien den cd 96,7% danh gia rat khdng thuan loi trong v doi thiia da tac ddng tich cue den hoat ddng san xuat
cua hd gia dinh. Trudc ddn dien ddi thira, hau hdt cac ydu td deu duac danh gia a miic khdng thuan loi va rat khdng thuan l(ri nhm 8096 sd hp danh gia rat khdng thuan loi trong viec di chuyen tir nha ddn cac thira rudng ciia ho gia dinh. 91.7% danh gia rat khdng thuan loi trong viec dua may mdc vao ddng rudng do giao thdng khd khan, didn tich thiia nhd, tu dd dan
giam cdng lao ddng U'ong qua hinh san xuat. Tuy nhien, sau ddn dien ddi thiia nhung tieu chi nay da thay ddi hoan toan vdi ty 1? cao danh gia d miic thuan loi va rat thuan loi. Dac biet, cd Aia 100% danh gia viec sii dung h? thdng giao thdng ndi ddng t o nSn rat thufn l?ri do vide xay mdi va mo rdng cac hiyen ndi ddng sau khi ddn dien ddi thira. M<,i didu quan h-ong nhat dd la viec tang thu nhip ciia hd gia dinh 140 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
da rdt t h u ^ lgi vdi 95% danh gid. Thu nhap cua hd gia dinh da tang 15 - 20% so vdi trtrde khi ddn didn.
Nhu vty, kdt qua ciia cdng tac ddn didn ddi thiia da anh htrdng rdt ldn ddn qua tiinh san xuat ndng nghidp cua cdc hg gia dmh. Cimg vdi dd gdp phan quan frgng vao vigc nang cao ddi sdng cua ngudi dan vd tiiuc hidn thanh cdng xay dung ndng thdn mdi gdn vdi tai co cdu ngdnh ndng nghidp cua dia phugng.
4. KET LUAN
Kdt qua cua cdng tac ddn dien doi tiiiia giai doan 2014 - 2017 da lam thay doi dang ke thtrc frang sir dyng ddt ndng nghiep frdn dia ban huydn Tam Ndng.
Sd tiiua dat ndng nghidp frdn dia ban huydn da giam 62.363 tinia so vdi trudc khi ddn dien doi thira. Bmh quan sd thtra/hp gia dinh sau ddn didn la 8.7 thira/hg. mpt sd xa da giam xudng cdn dudi 4 thua/hp nhu b Huong Ngn vdi bmh quan 3,7 tiiua/hd. Binh quan didn tich/thira cQng da tang ldn ding kd vdi miic binh quan 434,49 mVthiia. Day la nhiing didu kidn eo ban de hinh thanh canh dong mdu ldn san xudt chuyen canh vd la co sd quan trpng de thuc hidn cdng nghidp hod va hien dai boa ndng nghidp ndng thdn.
Kdl qua ddn dien ddi thua da tac ddng tieh cue ddn tinh hinh san xudt ndng nghiep cua huydn. Thti nhdt, ddn dien doi tinia da tao dieu kien de hmh thdnh va phdt fridn md hinh frang frai ti'dn dia ban huydn Tam Ndng. Sau ddn dien huydn da cd 32 diem frang frai vdi tdng didn tich 68,48 ha. Thu hai, dien tich dat giao thdng eua huydn da tang 37,5 ha va ddt tiiuy lgi da tang 19,61 ha so vdi trude ddn didn. Thii ba. ddn didn ddi thira da tao dieu kidn thuan lpi cho chuydn ddi co can cay frong Iheo hudng san xuat hang boa. Thii tu, nhd cd kdt qua cua ddn dien doi thiia da giup ty Id thuc hien quy hoach viing san xudt ndng nghiep cua 6 xa da vd dieh ndng thdn mdi a miic cao tii 89.54% den 97,71%. Cudi cimg. don dien ddi thua da thay doi dang ke den cac ydu td frong qua trinh san xuat cua hg gia dinh ndng nghidp bao gom: khoang each di chuyen tir noi d den noi san xuat, kha nang tidp can he Ihdng giao thong, thuy lgi ndi ddng, kha nang dp dung eo gidi hoa, giam cdng lao dgng va tang thu nhap hd.
Nhu vay, cdng tac ddn didn doi thiia ti'dn dia ban huydn Tam Ndng da dugc trien khai ddng bd tai 19/20 xa, thi fran va cung da dat dugc mdt sd ket qua nhdt dinh. Ddng thdi, nd ed vai fro rdt ldn cho viec sii
MAkir- KtrxuiBo UA DUAT TDIFM MONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
dung ddt khdng chi tnroe mat va ma edn lau dai. Tuy nhidn, mtrc do tieh tu rudng dat frong thdi ky mdi ddi hdi cdng tae don didn ddi thiia cdn cd nhung tinh todn dai hoi hon de phii hop vdi san xudl hdng hoa theo CO chd thi trudng frong tuong lai ciia cdc dia phuong.
T U U B l THAM KHAO
1. Vu Thi Binh, Quyen Dinh Ha (2003). Thuc trang cdng tac chuyen ddi mdng dat va bieu qua sir dung dat cua ndng hd a mot sd dia phuong viing dong bing sdng Hdng, Tap chi Khoa hgc Ddt Sd 18/2003.
2. Huynh Van Chuong, Nguydn Thuy Doan (2013). Thuc ti'dn cdng tac ddn didn ddi thua va tic ddng ddn phit tnen ndng nghidp va ndng thdn tai huydn Phii Vang, ti'nh Thira Thien - Hud. Tap chi Khoa hgc va Phat trien. Tap 11, Sd 7.
3. Trdn Viet Dung, Nguydn Xuan Thinh, Dodn Doan Tuan (2014). Ddn dien doi thua va phit tridn he thdng thuy lai ndi ddng a Vi^tNam.Tap chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghd Thuy lgi. Sd 21, P17-24.
4. Tran Thanh Due. Vd Nhu Vang, Nguydn Trung Hai, Truong Thi Didu Hanh (2017). Hidu qui cua cdng tic don dien ddi thua tai huyen TbSng Buih, tinh Quang Nam. Tap chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghd Ndng nghidp. Tap 1 (1). P47-54.
5. Dd Van Nha. Nguydn Trgng Thinh, Nguyen Khdc Viet Ba (2016). Thuc tiang va vai tid cua cdng tac ddn dien ddi thua vdi quy hoach su dung dat tren dia ban huyen Duy Tidn, tinh Hi Nam. Tap chi Ndng nghidp va Phat trien ndng thdn. Sd 291, P68- 75.
6. VQ Dinh Tdn, Nguydn Thi Thu Huydn (2008).
Hieu qua ddn didn ddi tinia vi chuyen muc dich su dimg dati Nghien cuu tmdng hop tai xa Cam Hoang - Cam Giing - Hai Duong. Tap chi Khoa hge va Phdt trien. Tap IV, sd 6, P607-613 - Tnrdng Dai hgc Ndng nghidp Ha Ngi.
7. Ngd Xuan Toan, Dd Thi Thanh Vmh (2014).
Phit tiien md hinh kinh te tiang trai tidn dia bin huydn Hung Nguyen, tinh Nghd An. Tap chi Khoa hgc - Tnrdng Dai hgc Can Tho, sd 31, P97-106.
8. Nguydn Xuan Thao (2004), Gdp phin phat trien bdn vung ndng thdn Viet Nam. Nha xual ban Chinh tri qudc gia.
9. Xuan Thi Thu Thdo, Pham Phuong Nam, Ho Thi Lam Tra (2015). Kdt qua tiiuc hidn ddn dien ddi 141
KHOA HOC CONG NGHl
thua tren dia ban tinh .\am Dinh. Tap chi Khoa hgc 11. UBND huydn Tam Ndng (2017). Bao cao kdt va Phat tiien. Tap 13, sd 6:931-942. qui ddn ddi mpng dat ndng nghidp nam 2017 trdn
10. Phong Tai nguyen va Moi tnrong huydn Tam ^^ * ^ ^"y^" ^^' ^'^"^•
Ndng. Bao cao kdt qui thdng kd da't dai tdnSm 2014 2017.
LAND CONSOLIDATIONS EFFECT ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TAM NONG DISTRICT, PHU THO PROVINCE
Nguyen Khac Viet Ba, Nguyen Quang Huy, Do Van Nha Summary
Land consolidation has been conducted on different penods and conlnbuled significantly on agncultural development in each period. Actually, from 2014 to 2017. Uie land consolidation was carried out in Tam Nong distnct in 19/20 communes and resulted significanUy in tiie district. The research objectives are to assess the actual land consolidation from 2014 to 2017 and to determine the effect of land consolidabon on agricultural development in Tam Nong district. Phu Tho province. The resulls show that after land consolidation die numbers of agncultural land parcel decreased remarkablely from 12.73 to 8.74 land parcels per household, the area of each agncultural land parcel increased everagely 182 iiv, 17 agncultural farms increased with 46 ha, the area for the road system increased 32,75 ha, the area for the irrigation system decreased 19.61 ha. After land consolidation agncultural productivity increased for ail crops. Uie area of commodity crops such as vegetable crops increased, the area of nee and maize crops decreased.
Additionally, land consolidation also affected the successful realization of agricultural development planning in the communes. Therefore, the actual land consolidation was contributed significantiy on land accumulabon and facilitated to develop the agneulture towards commodity production.
Keywords.- Land consolidation, agnculturalproducUon. Tam Nong district.
Ngudi phdn bi$n: TS. Hodng Tudn Hidp Ngdy nh^n bdi: 6/5/2019
Ngay thdng qua phdn b i ^ : 7/6/2019 Ngay duy^t dang: 14/6/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2019
