Cdng nghipp rdng
^ A C BIEM CAU TAO GO THUY TUNG
P h a n T h i T h i e n T h u KS. Tnrdng Dai hoc Ldm nghiep T O M T A T
Bai bao gioi thifiu cfiu tao tho dai, ciu tao hifin thong qua anh chyp ba mfit cat cua go Thiiy tiing (Glyptostrobus pensilis) sinh truong cr D k U k . Kfit qua nghien cuu cho thay go Thiiy tung co dfic mau vang nh^t, 16i mau xanh hoi xam; vong nfim r5, go som go mugn phan bifit, mau sac tuong doi d?p, go co miii thom d§c tnmg, quan bao c6 chifiu dai ttung binh (1.896,79 - 4.094,01) pm, duong kinh quan go som trang binh 46,85 jim, go muon 16,71 pm, vach mong, go c6 quan bao chiia nh\ia; tia go be, mgt dp it khofing 4-5 tia/ mm; go Thiiy tiing l i loii gS CO tho m)n.
Tir khoa: Cau tao Men vi gS, cdu tpo thd dpi go, Thdy tiing.
I. OAT VAN 0 E
Thiiy tiing hay Thong nucrc {ten khoa hoc Glyptostrobus pensilis) la loai thirc vat duy nhat con ton t^\ thuoc chi Glyptostrobus. Day la loai dac hihi ctia viing can nhiet dai dong nam Trung Quoc, tu tay Phiic Kien tdfi dong nam Van Nam, va ciing hi?n dien a mien Nam Vi^t Nam. Rieng a Dak Lak con 2 quan the Thliy tiing ty nhien duy nhdt a Viet nam la a huy?n la Ea H'leo va Krdng Nang, hien nay loai go nay da duoc khoanh vung bao ve nghiem ngat. Thiiy timg thupc loai cSy dang co nguy CO bi tuy^t chung theo sach do mirc dp de doa Bac E theo [4]. Go Thuy timg thupc loai g6 quy, khong bi moi mpt, khong bj cong venh nijt ne, co mdu voi vien rSt dep nen dupc ua chupng de xSy lau dai, nha ciia, lam dh my nghe, do diing cao cap. Tuy nhien cac thong tin ve dac diem cau tao, ciing nhu tinh ch5t co ly ve loai g6 nay a Viet Nam con han ch6.
De bo sung them dH li?u vS dac di6m cdu t^o ciia cac Ioai g6 quy hiem ciia Viet Nam, nham t^o CO so dir lieu lam can cir cho cong tac giam dinh go, nghien cuu nay da ti6n hanh mo ta dac diem cau tao tho dai va hi^n vi ciia gd Thiiy tiing (Glyptostrobus pensilis) sinh truong tai DSk Lak.
n. VAT LI$U, PHirONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Vat li^u nghien cihi
G6 Thuy tiing (Glyptostrobus pensilis) 65 tuoi sinli truang a DSk Lak.
118
2.2. Phu-tmg phdp nghiSn cuu
• Go Thliy tiing lam thi nghiem dupc lay 6 phdn g6 truang thanh, khong khuySt tat, 6 vi tri each goc 1,3 m.
• Tao mau quan sat cau tao tho d^i:
Gia cong mlu co kich thuoc 3 chieu: Dgc tha X xuyen tam x tiep tuyen (12 x 6,5x1,5) cm, sau do lam nhin 3 mat cat dam bao quan sat dupc cac d?c diem dac tho dai ciia go.
• Mau diing de cat tieu ban hien vi la mot khoi lap phuang, voi kich thuac thich ni6i chieu la 13 mm, mau phai dam bao co du 3 m3t cat (mat cat ngang, mgt cdt xuyen t5m va m$t cat tiep tuyen). De co th8 khao sat dupc day dii cac dac tnmg ve cau tao can lay mau a phan go thanh thuc ma tranh phan non (phan g6 sinh ra trong nhiing nam dau), bai vi phan go nay co s\r bien dpng lan ve dac diem cau tao.
Sau do ti6n hanh lam mem go bang each cho mau vao lupc trong nuac soi tai khi thau nuac hoan toan (mlu chim ban trong nuoc).
Sau khi mau da thdu nuac hoan toan, ngam mdu vao h6n hpp glyxerin - con vai ti le 1:1 cho den khi co thg cdt dupc tieu ban dii mong de quan sat bdng kinh hi8n vi quang hpc (tiiy timg loai g6 ma thai gian ngam khac nhau, khi mau da mem ta ldy mau ra cdt thir).
Tao tieu ban hi6n vi: khi mau dk dupc hoa mem, tien hanh cdt mau -> rira sach -^ nhupm mau trong dung dich Safranine -> nia cac lat cat qua cac nong dp c6n tii thdp d^n cao (mvc dich lam thoat hoi nuac) -> dua cac lit cat vao TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 4-2014
Cdng nghiip rirng ngam trong Xylen -> dan tieu ban -¥ cuoi
ciing cac tieu ban dupc lam bong sach bdng con va dan mdc.
Quan sat va chup anh ba mat cdt: Anh ba mat cdt dupc chyp tren kinh hidn vi OPTIKA dien tu co phdn m6m "Optika Visison 3.3".
Phuang phap mo ta cdu tao theo [lAWA Committee (2004). L\WA list of microscopic features for softwood identification. L\WA Joumal 25(l):l-70]
III. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ 3.1. Cau tao thd dai
Go Thuy tiing co giac loi phan bi$t, giac mau vang nhat, loi mau xanh hai xam. Vong nam ro, go sam g6 muOn phdn bi|t.
• Te bao mo mem xep dpc than cay khong ro
• Tia kich thuac be < 0.1 mm, so lupng dung binh 4-5 tia/mm
• Go khong co cdu t^o thanh lap.
• G6 khong CO ong dan nhya dpc
• Go nang trung binh, ben. Thd g6 nghieng, tuang doi min.
• Anh cau tao thfi dai 3 mat cdt the hien trong hinh 1.
Mat cdt ngang Mat cdt xuyen tdm Mpt cdt tiep tuyen Hinh l.Hinh dnh cdu tao thd
3.2. Dac dilm c^u t^o hien vi
• Quan bao co hmh da giac, quan bao gfi mu0n chifim ty lp it, chieu dai quan bao 3.113,75 (1.896,79 - 4.094,01) |.im, be rpng quan bao 33,09 ( 22,08 - 49,41) ^im; duang ldnh quan go sam trung binh 46,85 (im, gfi mupn 16,71 ixm; 16 thfing ngang co vanh xep thanh mot den hai hang (da so 1 hang) tren vach xuyen tam cua quan bao dpc, CO qudn bao chiia nhya.
* Tia gfi Thity timg so lupng trung binh, khodng 4-5 tia/iimi, chieu dai tia 205 |im
dpi ba mat cdt go Thuy timg
thuang bien dpng trong khoang 110 - 430 \xm;
bfi rpng tia trung binh khodng 39,08, thucmg bifin dfing trong khodng 27,17 - 53,08 fim; Lfi thfing ngang trong viing giao giiJa tfi bao mo mem tia go va quan bdo dpc cfi so lupng 1-2 16 trong mpt 6.
• Te bdo m6 mem xfip dpc than cay kh6ng ro.
• Gfi khfing CO fing ddn nhya.
• Anh cau tao hien vi 3 mat cat the hien trong hinh 2.
Mpt cdt ngang (\12Q) Mpt cdt xuyen tdm (x480) Mat cdt tiep tuyen (xl20) Hinh 2. Hinh dnh cdu tpo hien vi ba mpt cdt go Thuy tung
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM N G H I | P SO 4-2014 119
Cdng nghiip rung
IV. KET LUAN
• Kfit qua nghien cuu cau tao tho d?i vd hien vi cita gfi Thuy tiing cho thay go Thuy tung quan bao cfi chieu dai trung binh, vach mong, CO qudn bdo chua nhua gfi co khoi lupng the tich trung binh, kich thudc tia be, thinh thoang co qudn bao chiia nhya do do lam tang dp ben ty nhien ciia gfi, dong thai can chii y trong qua trinh say do cfi chat chira no ldm cho go kho sdy nhung no ciing lam tang dp ben ty nhien ciia gfi.
• Phuang phap nghien ciiu nay gfip phdn timg buac hodn thien xay dyng bfi suu tgp go cay la kim noi rieng va gfi Viet Nam noi chung.
TAI L I ? U T H A M K H A O
1. Vu Han (1964), Kien thuc ca bdn ve gd. Nub Khoa hpc ky thu|lt, Ha Noi.
2. Nguyfin Dinh Hung (1990), Nghifin ciiu cin t?o giai phau go mpt so loai cay go cr Vi?t Nam de djnh loai theo cic d$c diem cau tao tho dai va hien vi, L u ^ an tien sy khoa hpc, Vifin khoa hpc lam nghidp.
3. Lfi Xuan Tinh (1998), Khoa hpc gS, Nxb Nong nghidp, Ha Npi.
4. Sich do Vi?t Nam - phEin II th\rc v|t, Nxb Khoa hpc tu nhien - Ha Npi 2007
5. Vifin khoa hpc Lam nghiep Vifit Nam (2009), At ldt cdu Ufo, tinh chdt go vd tre Vi^t Nam, Nxb Nfing nghifip. Ha Noi.
6. Wheeler, E.A., P Baas & P.E. Gasson (1989) lAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. lAWA Bulletin n.s. 10(3): 219-332.
W O O D A N A T O M Y O F Glyptostrobus pensilis Phan Thi Thien Thu
SUMMARY
This smdy describres the macroscopic and microscopic features of the wood of Glyptostrobus pensilis originating from natural plants in Dak Lak province, Vietnam. Results showed that sapwood pale yellow color, heartwood green to grey; growth rings distinct, transition from earlywood to latewood abrupt; wood with distinctive odor. Tracheids medium in length, thin walls. Rays fine and few. Tracheids occasionally filled with resin relating to the durability of the wood. In general, the wood oi Glyptostrobus pensilis is a durable softwood with fine texture and therefore, the wood is valued for crafts and furnitures
Keywords: Glyptostrobus pensilis, macroscopic features, microscopic features.
Ngirdi phan bi^n Ng&y nh$n bai Ng&y phdn bifn Ng&y quyet dinh d i n g
TS. Vu M^nh T u ^ g 20/9/2014 15/10/2014 20/10/2014
120 TAP CHI KHOA H Q C VA CONG N G H i : LAM N G H I f P SO 4-2014