KHOA HQC CbNG
N G H £AlXIH HUCnXIG CLIA XLT LY l\IHI$T
D £ I \ I K H A IXIAIVG P H A I HGlAl CAC T l £ u
P H A I V P R O T E I I V T R O I M G D ACO THEO IVIO HilXIH CIVCP5 CUA K H O D A U LAC
La van KfnhS H u ^ Tiianh HodiS Nguydn Van PI T6MTAT
Protein tu thiic &n an vko trong d? c6 phdn Idn sfi b| khu hO vi sinh v$t len men thinh cic axit amin vi cudi Cling thanh amoniac (NHj). DO trdnh dupe s\f len men ciia vi sinh v^t trong da cd ddi vdi cdc protein thyc thi cdn phii lim giim sp h6a tan vi phin giii cua protein trong da cd. Xti 1^ nhiOt lim ting him lupng protein khdng h6a tan, ting lupng protein thoit qua khdi sp Ifin men trong da cd. Nghien ciiu dupe tiOn hinh vdi thi nghiOm 2 yOu td li nhiOt dO vi thdi gian xd 1^ (4x4). Cic miic nhiOt dO xii ly bao gdm llCC, 125"C, 140''C. 155»C trong cic khoing thdi gian xii ly li 30,60,90 vi 120 phdt Sau khi xii \f, tiOn hinh phin tich cic tiOu phdn nito theo md hinh CNCPS d^ dinh gii khi ning ph&n giii cic hpp chdt chtia nita trong d?i cd. Khi ning tifeu hda cua protein trong ruOt non dupe dinh gii bdng t^ 10 protein tan trong KOH dia cic nguyen liOu sau xu ly. KOt qui tdt nhdt ddi vdi khd ddu I9C li xu 1^ d cic miic nhiOt sau: IIQPC - 120 phiit; 125''C - 30 phiit; 125»C - 60 phut vi lAQPC - 30 phiit
Tikhda: B^B, B, C, CNCPS, khd ddul^c, nita phi protein (NPN), xiiiy nhidt
LBATVAND^
Khd ddu l?ic Id phu phdm ciia qud trinh Op ddu tir hat lac. Tuy theo qui trinh, phuong tiOn chd bidn md thu dupe khd dau cdng nghiOp hoac khd ddu thii cdng. Tiiy theo each xii ly nguydn UOu, cd khd ddu nhan hoac khd ddu vd. Khd ddu vd la loai dd nguy6n cu lac khdng tdch vd. Khd ddu nhdn chi six dung cdc hat lac da tdch vd hodn todn. Khd ddu l^c nhdn cd hdm lupng dam khd cao (45%) cdn khd ddu vd chi chiia khoang 30 - 35% dam thd nhung cd hai loai ddu chiia ddc td aflatoxin vdi hdm lupng rdt Idn ndn thudng it dupe dung trong chan nudi cdng nghiOp. Vdi cdc khd ddu dp thii cdng, lupng chat bdo cdn lai khd cao (8 10%) ndn dd gay di, tao mui khd chju. Tuy nhidn ndu khd ddu mdi Op dupe sii dung ngay, khdng bj mdc thi day la ngudn dam thuc vdt khd re tidn. Protein ciia khd ddu l?ic chiia mdt sd axit amin tiiidt ydu thdp hon so vdi protein ciia khd ddu ddu ndnh.
Protein tu thtic an an vdo trong d^ c6 phdn Idn sd bj khu ho vi sinh vdt Idn men thdnh cdc axit amin vd cudi cung thdnh amoniac (NH3). Dd trdnh dupe sv Idn men ciia vi sinh vdt trong d^ cd ddi vdi cdc protein thuc tiii cdn phdi ldm gidm st; hda tan vd phdn giai ciia protein trong d?i cd. Dd ldm tang ty 10 protein thodt qua ciia cdc loai thuc an cd nhidu biOn phap nhir xii ly bdng nhiOt, hda chdt, tao Idp vd bpc, su dung chdt beo, tanm... Trong dd xir ly bdng nhiOt la mdt trong nhiing biOn phdp phd bidn nhdt ldm ' ViOn KHKT Nong nghi?p mien Nam
gidm lupng protein thuc an hi phdn giai trong d^ c6 (Waltz and Stem, 1989; Schwab, 1995). Xu ly nhift ldm tang hdm lupng protein khdng hda tan dd ting lupng proteui thodt qua st; Idn men trong d^ co.
NguyOn ly bdo vO protein trong d^ cd bdi xii ly nhi^t Id viOc hinh thdnh cdc Udn kdt chdo vd phan ting MaiUard ^hdn ling hda hpc giua axit amin vd dudng) ldm cho protein bdn vQng hon vdi st; thiiy phdn trong d? cd. Tuy nhidn, xir I^ nhiOt cfing cd nhung tdc di^ig ngupc dd Id sy mdt mdt ciia mdt axit amin ndo dd h^
svr gidm khd ndng tidu hda trong rudt ciia cdc protein thodt khdi svr phdn giai trong d^ cd.
Vdn dd d$t ra cho viOc xii ly nhiOt Id xdc djnh cdc didu kiOn xu ly sao cho ldm tang lupng protein khdng hi phdn gidi trong d?i cd ddn mdt miic cd hiOu qud v^
m$t kmh td ddng thdi giam thidu tdi da nhirng tdc dving ngupc trong viOc mdt mdt axit amin va giam ^ 10 tidu hda ciia protem thodt qua. Xii ly nhiOt chua ddn ngudng dem l^i it Ipi ich nhung xu ly nhiOt qud miic sd gdy nhOng tdn h^i do nhiOt nhu mdt mdt ch^
dinh dudng, gidm gid tri dinh dudng ciia tiitic dn.
Theo Pereira vd ddng tdc gid (1998) xtr 1:^ nhiOt hem bia khdng ldm thay ddi hdm lupng nito tdng sd nhung ldm gidm khd ndng phdn hiiy nito trong d^ co tii 76,5% xudng cdn 25,6% vd nhu vdy lupng nita khdng bj phdn gidi xudng td trdng tang 1,2,1,8,2,4 va 3,2 Idn tuong ling cho cdc miic xii ly nhiOt 50"C, 100°C, 135°C vd 175°C ddng tiidi khdng cd anh hudng xdu ddn kha nang tidu hda nito d rudt non.
Nghidn ciiu ciia Tagari vd ddng tdc gia (1986) cho
64
N O N GNGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN
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thay rdng phan giai protein thd in vitro gidm tu 87%
xudng 48% khi tang nhiet dp xii ly hat bdng vai tu 140 16n 180°C trong 20 phiit. Xu ly nhiOt hpp ly dau ndnh se lam giam tdc dp phan giai protein trong da cd vd khoang 50% protein trong dau ndnh khdng hi phan giai trong da cd (Stallings, 2006). Nghidn ciiu cua Faldet vd ddng tdc gia (1991) cho tiidy xii ly nhiOt b 120*'C trong 3 gid da lam tang ty 10 protein thodt qua khoi da cd tu 28,6% I6n 67% d khd ddu dau ndnh chidt ly va tu 28,4% l6n 61,8% d ddu ndnh hat. Mustafa vd ddng tac gia (2003) kdt ludn rdng xii \^ nhiOt h?t hudng duong bdng hoi nude dudi dp sudt cao se ldm tang ham lupng protein khdng hda tan trong dung moi trung tinh vd lam gidm rd rOt khd nang phan gidi in sacco cua vat chdt khd vd protein thd trong da cd.
Jones va ddng tdc gid (2001) cung bdo cdo kdt qud tuong tu khi xii ly nhiOt ddi vdi bdnh ddu cai. ViOc sti dung diuc an tinh chiia protein thuc vat dupe bao vO (kho dau ndnh vd khd dau cai qua xu ly nhiOt) ldm tang ro rOt san lupng siia va hdm lupng protein siia (AlUson vd Gamsworthy, 2002).
O ViOt Nam cho ddn nay, cdc nghidn ciiu vd van dd nay cdn rat ban chd. Chinh vi vay, vide xii ly nhiOt de lam giam su hda tan protein tir dd lam tang \y 10 protein thodt qua da cd cua khd dau lac la rat can thidt
L NOI INING Vii PHUONG PHAP NGHDI CUU
1. Ndi dung nghidn cihi
Nghidn oiu xii ly nhiOt khd ddu lac dd lam giam su \tn men phan giai ciia protein, tang ty 10 thodt qua.
Ddi tuongng^dn oiu; Khd dau lac 34% protein tfid.
Thdi gian tidn hdnh xii ly vd phdn tich cdc tidu phan nito tu tiidng 8/2007 ddn tiidng 4/2008.
Dia didm nghidn ciiu Phdng thi nghiOm Dinh dudng tiiuc an chan nudi, ViOn Khoa hpc Ky thudt Nong nghiOp midn Nam.
2. Phuong p h ^ nghidn ciiu
Tidn hdnh tiii nghiOm 2 ydu td (4x4) Id nhiOt dd vd tiidi gian xu ly khac nhau. Xu ly nhiOt khd ti-ong tii
! say Pol Eko i^aratura ciia Ba Lan cd didu chinh : nhiOt dp tu nhiOt dd phdng ddn 250°C vd ban chd tdi
da viOc thoat hoi nude trong qud trinh sdy bdng cdch 1 ddng ndp flioat hoi nude ciia tu sdy (van vd muc i min). Co 4 miic nhiOt dd xii ly la 110°C, 12S°C, 140°C, : ISS^C trong cdc khoang tiidi xii ly khdc nhau Id 30,
60, 90 vd 120 phiit Tdng cdng Id 16 nghidm tiiiic, xu
\ ly nguydn liOu b quy md phdng thi nghiOm vdi 500
g/nghiOm thuc.
Sau khi xii ly, tidn hdnh phan tich cdc tidu phan nito tiieo md hinh CNCPS: hO thdng ddnh gid cua Dai hpc Cornell vd protein vd hydrat cdc bon thuan (Sniffen vd ddng tdc gid, 1992) dd ddnh gia kha nang phan giai cdc hpp chdt chiia nito trong da cd. Kha nang ti6u hda ciia protein trong nipt non dupe ddnh gid bdng ty 10 protein tan trong KOH ciia cdc nguy6n UOu sau xii ly. Theo md hinh CNCPS, protein tiid trong thuc an dupe chia thdnh 5 tidu phdn sii dung 3 dung mdi vd mdt tdc nhan gay kdt tua protein. Chi tidt ciia phuong phdp ndy dupe md td bdi Licitra vd ddng tdc gid (1996) da dupe tdm tdt bdi La Van Kinh vd ctv, 2011 ( xem bdi:" Anh hudng ciia xii ly nhidt
ddn khi ning phin giii cic tidu phin protein trong da cd tiieo md hmh CNCPS cua khd diu dd tuong"
dang trfen Tap chi Nong nghiOp vd PTNT sd 8 - ky 2 tiidng 4 nam 2011).
3. Phuong phdp phan tich
vat chdt khd: Theo tiSu chuan ViOt Nam TCVN 4326^1.
Ham lupng nito tdng sd: xdc djnh bdng phuong phdp Kjeldahl tiieo tiSu chudn ViOt Nam TCVN 4328- 01. Tham khao phuong phap AOAC 984.13 (1990).
Sii dung CUSO4 ldm xiic tdc th6m K2SO4 lam tang dp sdi ctia H2SO4.
Ham lupng nito phi protein (NPN = ^ vd protein thuc: NPN dupe xdc dinh bang phuong phap kdt tua vdi axit tricloax6tic. Sau dd xac dinh ham lupng nito khdng kdt tiia bdng phuong phdp IQeldahl. Ddy la hdm lupng nito protein thuc. Ham lupng nito phi protein dupe xdc djnh bdng hiOu sd giiia ham lupng nito tdng sd va nito khdng kdt tiia tiong axit tricloaxdtic.
Ham lupng protein hda tan tiong dung dich dOm (BSN = Bi): Protein hda tan dupe dinh nghia 0 day Id protein thuc hod tan tiong dung dich dOm 0 pH da cd. Dinh nghia ndy khdc nhiing djnh nghia khdc tiong dd thanh phdn NPN dupe loai trir.
Phuong phdp dupe dua ra 0 ddy dd xdc dinh nito khdng tan tdng sd, kdt hpp vdi xdc djnh hdm lupng NPN cho phdp udc lupng protein thuc hod tan bdng su khdc biOt Sii dung dung djch dOm phdt phat- borat, pH 6,7-6,8 (gdm natri mdnophdtphat
(NaH2P04.H20), natri tetiaborat (Na2B4O7.10H2O) va tertiary butyl alcohol) dd hoa tan nito tiong mau.
Phan nito khdng hda tan dupe xac dinh bdng phuong
I NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 THANG 7/2011 65
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C 6 N G N G H Iphap Kjeldahl. Hdm lupng nito hda tan trong dung khd. NhGng tidu phdn ndy cd tinh hihi dung sinh hpc dich dOm dupe xdc djnh bang hiOu sd giOa hdm tiidp vd cd tiid dupe tiiu hdi tiong xo tan ti-ong dunj lupng nito protein tiiuc vd nito khdng hda tan tiong djch tdy axit (Van Soest, 1965; Van Soest and Masonj dung djch dOm.
Ham lupng nito khdng hda tan trong dung djch tay trung tinh (NDIN): Nito dupe kdt hpp vdi ADF thudng Id protein dupe bao bpc b^n trong vdch td bdo
1991). Hdm lupng nito ciia ADF dupe dd xudt nhu mdt phuong phdp phdn tich cd dd nhay cao cho phdn ling hda ndu do thiic an dupe xCr ly nhiOt qud miic (Van Soest vd Mason, 1991). Phuong phdp dupe khuydn cdo b ddy dvra vdo ADF dupe chudn bj tiieo bao gom ca nita khdng ti^u hda dupe tim tiidy trong . , » ^ * ^ „ . , .. ii.» . . . phdn khdng tan trong dung djch tdy axit. Protein P ^ ^ ^ g P ^ ^ ^ / P f ^ " f ^ T ^ T^J"^ u ^ khong tan trong dung djch tdy trung tinh nhmig tan ^rong dung djch ADF dupe xdc d|nh bang phuong trong dung dich tdy axit cd tiid tidu hda dupe, nhung P^^P Kjeldahl.
dupe phan giai rdt cham trong da cd va dupe gpi tidu Hdm lupng protein tan trong KOH: nitix tiong phdn B3 trong md hinh hydrat cdc bon vd protein mdu tiiii dupe tdch bdng dung djch kaU hydroxit0,2%
tiiudn ciia Dai hpc Cornell. Xti ly nhiOt ldm bidn tinh vd xdc djnh nitir trong d}ch chidt bdng phuong phdp tidu phdn nito B2 vd cd tiid ldm chiing trd ndn khdng Kjeldahl.
hda tan vi tiid ldm tang tidu phdn B3 cung nhu tidu 4 Q^ ^hi tidu theo ddi
phdn C tiiu dupe dudi d ^ g ADIN. Phdn nito khdng * *x „ ^x «'.o ^A^ «™„,A« UA,.
: , , . ,' . . . * , A- Z - Hdm lupng mto tdng sd cua cdc nguyen hOu.
hda tan trong dung dich tay trung tinh dupe xdc dinh
bang phuong phap Kjeldahl. Hdm lupng nito phi protein/protein tiiuc ciia cdc nguydn UOu vd cdc nghiOm thiic xii ly Ham lupng nito hda tan trong dung dich tdy
trung tinh (NDSN = B2): Dupe xdc djuh bang sir khdc biet giua nito khdng tan trong dung djch dOm (IN) vd nito khdng tan trong dung djch tdy trung tinh (NDIN) (NDSN = IN NDIN).
vd cdc nghiOm thiic xu (NPN/TN).
Ham lupng nito hda tan/khdng hda tan trong dung djch dOm phophat-borat (BSN/IN).
Hdm lupng nito hda tan/khdng hda tan trong Ham lupng nito hda tan tiong dung djch tdy dung djch tdy tiimg tinh (NDSN/NDIN).
axit (ADSN = B3): Dupe xac dinh bang str khdc biOt Hdm lupng nito hda tan/khdng hda tan tiong giua nito khdng tan trong dung dich tay trung tinh dung djch tdy axit (ADSN/ADIN).
(NDIN) va nito khdng tan trong dung djch tdy axit ^ ^ j ^ . ^ ^ ^ Q H (ADIN) (ADSN = NDIN - ADIN). v s H.
5. XuI^sdUOu Ham luong nito khdng hda tan trong dung djch
tdy axit (ADIN = C): Chiing ta khdng tiid chidt xudt ^dt cd cdc sd UOu tiiu tiidp dupe xu ly tiidng kfi hoan toan nito tir vdch td bdo tiiuc vat Mpt phdn tdn ^^^ "^^y ^^ ^ ^ P ^ ^ "»^"» SAS version 9.1.
du cd siic dd khdng cao, khdng ti6u hda vd dupe kdt hpp vdi Unhin tiidm chi trong cdy cd tuoi khdng cd chiia tanin. Tanin Id mpt kha nang cho viOc gia tang lupng protein khdng hda tan lidn quan ddn vdch td bao thuc vdt Kha nang khdc la phan ling MaiUard hay phan ling hda nau gay ra bdi xu ly nhiOt vd sdy
Bdng 1. Ty lO nito phi protein trdn nita tdng sd (%)
•.KfrquAvATH/louiAN
Kdt qud phdn tich cdc tidu phdn nito theo md hinh CNCPS ciia khd ddu I9C sau khi xir 1^ nhi^t dupe thd hiOn dudi ddy.
1. Ty 10 nitir phi protein (NPN-A) NhiOt
Dp,''C 30
Thdi gian (phut)
60 90 120
Trung binh
(TB) Xdc suat P 10 6,51 ±0,25 6,98 ±1,82 7.30 ±1,04 7.38 ±2.54 7.04" ±1.45 t" =0.0447 125 5,55 ±1,39 4,56 ±0,61 6.88 ±2.12 6.55 ±1.96 5.88° ±1.68 tg =0.9833 140 8,51 ±0,61 8,68 ±1,89 7,46 ±1.16 7,68 ±3.03 8.08'±1.71 t"*tg=0.8373 _ 155 8,15 ±0,96 8,61 ±2.30 8.01 ±3.43 6.79 ±3.16 7.89'±2.36
7,18 ±1,48 7,21 ±2.31 7.41 ± 1.89 7.10 ±2.36 7.22 ±1.98
Trudc XL:
7,54 ±1,59 Ghi chii: ^ laky hieu ydu td nhidt dd; tg li ky hidu ydu td thdi gian; XL lixuly
Cic gii tritrungbmh trong ciing mdt cdt mang dc chu cii khic nhau thi khic nhau cd y nghia (P<0,i
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H O N - KY 1 - THANG 7/2t 66
Ty 10 tidu phan nito phi protein (A) trong khd dau lac it bi anh hudng bdi nhiOt dp (xem bang 1).
Kh6ng cd str ch^nh lOch nhau vd ty 10 tidu phdn A trong kho dau lac chua xu ly va trong khd ddu lac da xur ly (ty 10 tidu phan A trong khd ddu lac chua xtr ly la 7,54% trong khi d6 ty lO tidu phdn A trung binh
didu ndy cd thd Id do ngudn khd ddu trong nghiSn ciiu ndy c6 chdt lupng kOm hon ngudn khd dau trong nghidn ciiu ciia French vd Mondal (ngudn khd dau trong nghidn ciiu ndy cd hdm lupng protein thd Id 34% trong khi dd ciia French Id 52% va ciia Mondal la 43,19%). Ndu so kdt qua nay vdi kdt qua nghidn ciiu chung ciia khd ddu lac da xii ly nhiOt Id 7,22%). ^d kh6 ddu lac vd khd ddu dua da xu ly nhiOt tiii kdt Nhung, so vdi ket qua trong mpt nghidn ciiu ciia ^"^ ^^V ^ao hon nhidu (tuong ling vdi 7,22% so vdi French (2010) va kdt qua cua Mondal vd ddng tdc gid ^-^^ ^^ 2,96%). Khdng cd sir tuong tac giua nhiOt dp (2008) tiii kdt qua nay tiidp hon (7,54% b khd ddu lac ^u ly vd tiidi gian xu ly (P>0,05).
chira xu ly, 7,22% d khd ddu da xu ly so vdi 11% vd 2. Ty lO nito hda tan trong dung djch dOm 74,15% cua ty 10 A vd Bi d khd ddu lac chua xtr ly), phophat- borat (BSN-B^
Bang 2. Ty 10 nito hda tan trong dung djch dOm pholphat- borat (Bi) so vdi nito tdng sd (%) NhiOt
Dp.^C 30
Thdi gian (phut)
60 90 120
Tmng binh
(TB) Xdc suat P 10 23,69 ±0,11 14,49 ±0,65 13,51 ±0,61 13,90 ±1,48 16,40" ±4,48 t" =0,0000 125 14,77 ±2,20 7.98 ± 1,61 6,89 ±2,51 9,12 ±4,00 9,69° ±3,94 te =0,0000 140 8,56 ± 0,86 4,59 ± 2.70 1,93 ±0,44 0,74 ± 0,39 3,95'= ±3,37 t"*tg=0,0986 155 5.70 ±1,83 0,22 ±0,18 0,05 ± 0,02 0,23 ± 0,27 1,55" ±2,62
TB 13,18'±7,32 6.82° ±5,61 5,59° ±5,55 6,00° ± 6,30 7,90 ± 6,79
Trudc XL:
22,48 ± 0,08 Cic gii tii trung binh trong cung mdt hing hoic cdt mang cic chu di khic nhau thi khac nhau cd y nghia (P<0,05).
NhiOt xii ly cd anh hudng Idn ddn ty lO tidu phan (22,48%). Kdt qua nay tuong duong vdi kdt qua ciia B, (xem bang 2). Anh hudng cua nhiOt dp xii ly ddn French (2010) (22,48% so vdi 22%), nhung tiiap hon su thay ddi ciia tidu phan Bi Idn hon anh hudng cua kdt qua cua Mondal va ddng tac gia (2008) (ty lO A va tiidi gian xu ly, khi ta tang muc nhiOt xii ly \k.n tiii Bj Bj la 74,15%). Ndu so vdi kdt qua nghien ciiu nay ve giam rat nhanh trong khi dd ndu tang thdi gian xii ly khd dau lac vd khd dau dua da xii ly nhiOt thi kdt qua tiii Bi giam rat cham (khi tang tir 110°C I6n 155°C tiii nay cao hon (7,90% so vdi 5,99% vd 2,96%). Giua ydu Bi giam tu 16,40% xudng cdn 1,55% -10,6 lan; vdi ydu td nhiOt xii ly vd tiidi gian xu ly cung khdng cd anh td tiidi gian khi tang tu 30 Idn 90 phiit hoac tiii Bj hudng tuong tdc vdi nhau (P>0,05).
giam tu 13,18% xudng cdn 5,59% - 2,4 lan). Ty 10 Bj 3 '^ \^ njtj, XXE^ trong dung djch tdy tiimg tinh trung binh ciia khd dau lac da xtr ly (7,90%) tiidp hon (NDSN=B2)
rat nhidu so vdi ty 10 Bj ciia khd ddu lac chua xii ly
Bang 3. Ty iQ nito tan trong dung djch tdy trung tinh (NDSN^Bg) so vdi nito tdng sd (%) NhiOt
Bp.^C 10 125 140 155 TB
30 24,78'±0,28"
36.30°" ±0,49 ^
35.53^^0.68 32.55°" ±0.67 32.29'±4.78
Thdi gian (phut) 60
34,04'^'±1,15 40.95'±0.20 30.75'±1.64 8,63" ±1.83 28.59° ± 12,69
90 31,0r±0,96 38.38'° ±0,65
15.42^ ±1.30 5.04'±3.99 22.46° ± 13.74
120 32,25°' ± 0.45 Fae
31.03'±3,37 11.58" ±4.02 1.42^ ±1.59 19.07°±13.86"
Tmng binh (TB) 30,52° ± 3.70 36.66'±4,09 23.32''± 10,68 11.91° ±12.89 25.60 ±12.62
Xac suat P t*^ =0.000 tg =0.000 t *tg=0,000 Trudc XL:
26,69±2,14 Cicgii tii ti-ong bing hoic cic gii tiitivngbmh ti-ong ciing mdt hing hoic cdt mang dc chCr cii khic nhau tiii khic nhau cdy nghia (P<0,05)
Ty 10 tidu phdn Bg ciia khd dau lac cung hi anh hudng bdi nhiOt dp va tiidi gian xur ly (kdt qua 0 bang 3). Ndu ta gia tang miic nhiOt vd tiidi gian xii ly tiii Bg se giam nhanh chdng (P<0,05). Khi nhiOt dd tang tir 110"C \tn ISS^C vd tiidi gian xii ly tang tir 30 phiit Idn 120 phiit tiii B2 giam tii 24,78% xudng cdn 1,42% (17,5 lan) didu nay cd y nghia tiidng kd. Trong cung mdt
miic nhiOt ndu ta tang tiidi gian xii ly Idn tiii B2 se gidm theo. Tuong tu, tiong cung mot miic tiidi gian ndu ta tang nhiOt dp xii ly \tn tiii B2 cung giam nhanh chdng. Ridng 0 miic nhiOt 110 "C khi ta tang tiidi gian xii ly ttr 30 phiit Idn 120 phiit vd miic thdi gian 30 phiit ndu tang nhiOt dp tir 110»C \tn ISS^C tiii B2 khdng giam. 6 hdu hdt cdc miic tiidi gian, ndu ta
N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT
TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 7/2011
67KHOA H9C
C 6 N G N G H Itang nhiOt dp xtr ly tir 1 lO^'C I6n 125°C thi B2 Igi cd xu tang nhanh nhdt b miic nhiOt 140°C vd miic tiidi gian hudng tang, ndu tang nhiOt hon n(ra tiii B2 sd gidm. 60 phiit. 6 miic nhiOt 15S°C khi tang tiidi gian tir SO Nhu vay miic nhiOt xtr ly 110°C - 12S°C Id tdt nhdt l6n 60 phiit tiii B3 tang rdt nhanh (tir 46,35% l6n C6 str tuong tdc giira nhiOt dd vd thdi gian (P<0,05). 61,69%), ndu tang tiidi gian hon nOa tiii B31^ giam.
Co str ch^nh lOch vd B2 ciia khd ddu lac giua xii ly vd Nhu vdy, ndu xu ly d nhiOt cdng cao tiii thdi gian xii khong xii ly nhung kh6ng nhidu (25,60% so vdi ly cdng ngdn Id tdt nhdt GiOa nhiOt dd vd thdi gian c6 26,69%). Kdt qua nghidn ciiu ndy cao hon cua Mondal tuong tdc vdi nhau (P<0,OS). Cho kdt qud B3 cao nhdt va ddng tac gia (2008), nhung Igi tiidp hon kdt qua Id b nghiOm thiic 1SS°C- 60 phiit (61,69%) vd tiidp cua French (2010) (tuong ling Id: 25,60% vd 26,69% so nhdt b nghiOm tiiiic 125°C- 30 phiit (36,31%). Xii \j vdi 5,35% vd 57%). Kdt qud ndy tiidp hon kdt qud ctia nhiOt khd ddu Igc da ldm tang ty 10 B3 Idn 6,54 don vj khd ddu dau tuong nhtmg cao hon kdt qud ciia khd phdn ti-am so vdi khdng xii ly (47,41% so vdi 40,879^.
dau dua (25,60% so vdi 50,56% vd 14,39%). Ndu so vdi kdt qud trong cdc nghidn ciiu ciia Mondal 4.TyiOnit0tantn>ngdungdichtdyaxit(ADSN.B3) ^d ddng tdc gid (2008) vd French (2010) tiii kdt qud
trong nghi6n ciiu ndy cao hon nhidu (tuong ling Id;
Ngupc lai vdi kdt qud cua tidu phdn B2, ty 10 tidu phdn B3 tang khi tang thdi gian vd nhiOt dd xtr ly (bang 4). Su gia tang ndy tuong ddi chdm. Trong Cling mdt miic nhiOt ho$c thdi gian ndu tang thdi gian hoac nhiOt d6 xu ly thi B3 cung tang theo. B3
Bdng 4. Ty 10 nito tan trong dung djch tdy axit (ADSN'Ba) (%/nifay tdng Q6^
47,41% vd 40,87% so vdi 15,33% vd 9%). Ty lO B3 ciia khd ddu Igc da xti ly thdp hon ctia khd ddu diia da xti ly (47,41% so vdi 55,86%) nhung Igi cao hon ciia khd ddu ddu hrong da xti ly (47,41% so vdi 34,75%).
NhiOt
Dp,°C 30
42,30"^"±0,68"
Thdi gian (phiit) 60
41,92«'"±0,05
90 120
Tmng binh
(TB) Xdc sudt P
10 45,56° ± 0.57 43.72" ±0.51 IT
W 43,38'±1.55 t" =0.000 125 36,31J±0,26 40,24' ± 0,49
43,55"^ ±0,84
40,91"'±0,23 44.99°'±1.22 40.61° ±3.27 tg =0.000 140 40,95"' ± 0,43 58,31° ±0,53 59,60° ±1.82 50,60° ±8,34 t"*tg=0.000 155 46,35° ± 1,27 61,69'±0,03 59,56° ± 0,86 52,58'±1,41 55,05'±6,38
TB 41,48" ±3,80 46,85" ± 9,04 51,09'±8,40 50,22° ± 6,77 47,41 ±8,02
Trudc XL:
40.87±0.59 Cicgii tri trong bang hoic cicgii tii trung binh trong cdng mdt hing hoic cdt mang cic cha di khic nhau thi khic nhau cd y nghia (P<0,05)
5. Ty 10 nito khdng tan trong dung djch tdy axit (ADIN -C)
?ang 5. Ty 10 nito khdng tan trong dung djch tdy axit (ADIN-C) so vdi nita tdng sd (X) SI
Nhi?t
Dp.°C 30
Thdi gian (phiit)
60 90 120
Trung binh
(TB) Xdc sudt P 110 2,72' ± 0,04 2,58' ± 0,02 2,62' ± 0,03 2.75'±0.09 2,67* ±0.09 t" =0.000 125 7.07«±0.05
6,44" ±0.01
6.27" ± 0,30 12,43'±0,01
6.94*^ ±0.02 16.87° ±0,04
8.33'±0.10 20.40' ± 0,44
7.15'±0.79 14,03° ±5.45
tg =0.000
140 t"*tg=O.000
155 7,24''±0,26 20,84" ± 0,30 27,33° ±0.32 38.97'±0.83 23.59'±11.98 TB 5,87° ±1,93 10,53'±7,22 13.44° ±9.96 I7,61'± 14.51 11.86 ±10.21
Trudc XL:
2.43±0.04 Cicgii tri trong bing hoic cicgii tii trung binh
nhau ±ikhic nhau cd^nghia (P<0,05)
Khdng ndm ngodi quy luat, ty 10 tidu phdn C ciia khd dau Igc cung tang khi tang nhiOt dd vd thdi gian xti ly (xem bang 5). Anh hudng ciia nhiOt dd ddn C cao hon anh hudng ciia thdi gian (su chdnh lOch nhau giiia cdc miic nhiOt cao hon giiia cdc miic thdi gian). Ndu tang nhiOt xti ly tii 110°C Idn ISS^C ttii C tang 8,8 lan (tir 2,67 Idn 23,59%), ti-ong khi dd ndu tang miic tiidi gian xii ly tu 30 phiit Idn 120 phiit tiii C tang 3 lan (5,87 \tn 17,61%) vd str gia tang ndy rdt cd y nghia thdng k6. Trong cung mdt miic tiidi gian ndu ta tang nhiOt xii ly thi C cQng tang tiieo, nhung b
trong cdng mdt hing hoic cdt mang dc cha di khic
miic thdi gian cdng Idu (^ 90 phiit) thi cd su gia tSng rdt nhanh. Tuong bjr, trong cung mdt miic nhiOt n^u tang tiidi gian xu ly tiii C tang. 6 miic nhiOt xtr 1^
llO^C vd 125°C khi gia tang tiidi gian xii ly tfii C khdng tang vd cho kdt qud thdp hon nhidu so vdi hai miic nhiOt 140°C vd 155°C. NhiOt d0 vd tiidi gian xir 1^
cd svr tirong tdc vdi nhau (P<0,05). Xir \^ nhiOt kh6 ddu Igc da ldm gia tang C so vdi khdng xir ly (11,8@*
so vdi 2,43%). Ndu so vdi ty 10 tidu phdn C ciia kh6 ddu Igc chua xir \^ trong nghidn ciiu ciia Mondal vd ddng tdc gid (2008) vd French (2010) tiii kdt qua ciia 68 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONGTHCN
- Kt 1 -THANG 7/2Cai
de tai cao hon ciia French (2,43% so vdi 1%) vd thdp nhiOt ndy cho kdt qua nito tan trong KOH cao hon so hon ciia Mondal (2,43% so vdi 5,17%). Ndu so vdi kdt vdi hai miic nhiOt 140''C vd ISS^C. Ty 10 nito tan trong qua nay vdi kdt qua cua khd ddu dau tuong vd khd KOH cao nhdt b nghiOm tiiiic xii ly 125''C- 30 phiit dau dira da xu ly tiii ty Id C ciia khd dau lac cao hon (56,02%), sau dd Id nghiOm tiiuc UO^'C - 30 phiit ciia khd ddu dau tuong (11,86% so vdi 4,03%) vd tiidp (55,96%) vd tiidp nhdt d nghiOm tiiiic ISS^C- 120 phiit hon cua khd dau dira (11,86% so vdi 16,43%). (5,96%). Nhu vay, ddi vdi kh6 dau lac n6n xu ly trong 6. Ty 10 nito tan trong KOH khoang 125*'C trd xudng se cho kdt qua tdt hon la xur Xii ly nhiOt da lam tang str bidn tinh cua protein ly d miic nhiOt cao hon. Giua hai ydu td nhiOt dp va ttr do lam giam su hoa tan cua nito trong KOH ciia tiidi gian cung c6 sir tuong tdc Idn nhau (P<0,05). Ty kho dau lac (xem bang 6). Qua bang 6, chiing ta tiidy 10 nito tan trong KOH ciia khd dau lac dupe xtr ly rdng ty 10 nito tan trong KOH cang gidm khi nhiOt dp tiiap hon so vdi chua xtr ly (35,28% so vdi 63,81%). Kdt va tiidi gian xii ly cang tang (P<0,05). Nhung d muc qua nay cao hon kdt qua ciia kh6 ddu dira (35,28% so nhiOt llO^C Igi khdng cd str tiiay ddi vd chi ti^u ndy vdi 16,18%) vd tiidp hon kdt qud ciia khd ddu dau con d miic nhiOt 125''C tiii giam rdt cham. Hai miic tuong (35,28% so vdi 40,69%).
NhiOt Dp.^C
110 125 140 155 TB
Thdi gian (phiit) 30
55,96' ± 0,43 56,02'±0,21 43,67° ±0,28 34,09«±0,28 47,43'± 9,61
60 52.53" ± 0,22 50,28' ± 0,54 29,31" ±0,28 10,86" ±0,22 35,85°± 17,84
90 52,08° ± 2,22 40,60'±0,31
16,32'±0,18 8,16'±0,04 29,29'±
18,58
120 55,78' ± 0,07 39,53'±0,37
12,86" ±0,02 5,96"" ± 0,04 28,53°±21,01
Trung binh (TB) 54,19'±2,03 46,61° ±7,17 25,54'± 12,67
14,77° ±11,79 35,28± 18,41
Xdc suat P t" =0,000 tg =0,000 t'^*tg=0,000 Trudc XL:
63,81 ±0,34 Cicgii tri tmng bing hoic de gii tritningbinh trong cung mdt hang hoic cdt mang dc chu di khic nhau ihi khic nhau cdy nghia (P<0,05).
IV. KET LUAN
NhiOt xii ly cang tang thi B2 cdng giam. Khi nhiet dp tang tii 110°C len 155"C vd thdi gian xtr ly tang tir 30 phiit len 120 phiit tiii B2 giam tir 24,78%
xudng cdn 1,42% (17,5 lan), mire nhiOt xir ly 110" - 125''Clatdtnhat
Kdt qua B3 cao nhdt la d nghiOm tiiuK ISS^C - 60 phtit (61,69%) vd fliap nhat 0 nghidm tiitrc 125°C - 30 phiit (36,31%).
Ty Id nito tan tiong KOH cdng giam khi nhiOt dp va thdi gian xu ly cang tang. Nhung b muc nhiOt UO^C Igi khdng cd str tiiay ddi vd chi tiSu ndy, cdn 0 mtrc nhiOt 12S"C tiii giam rat chdm. 6 hai miic nhiOt nay cho kdt qua nito tan trong KOH cao hon so vdi hai mite nhiOt 140°C va 1SS°C. Ty 10 nitiy tan tiong KOH cao nhat 0 nghidm tiiiic xtr ly 125°C 30 phut (56,02%), sau dd la nghiOm thirc llOPC 30 phut (55,96%) vd tiidp nhat d nghiOm tiiiic 155°C -120 phiit (5,96%). Nhu vay, ddi vdi khd dau Igc n6n xtr ly tiong khoang 125°C trd xudng se cho kdt qua tdt hon la xu ly 0 miic nhiOt cao hon.
Xii ly khd ddu Igc d cdc mtrc nhiOt dp vd tiidi gian sau sd cho kdt qua cao hon cdc miic khac vd ty
10 protein tiioat qua dg co: llO^C - 120 phut; 125''C - 30 phut; 125''C - 60 phiit va UQPC - 30 phiit
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
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NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG
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69KHOA HQC CdNG N G H |
5. La Van Kinh, Nguydn Van Phu vd Hu:yTih Thanh Hodi, 2011. Anh hudng ctia xii ly nhiOt ddn kha nang phan giai cdc tidu phdn protein tiong dg cd tiieo mo hinh CNCPS ciia khd ddu dd tuong. Tgp chi Nong nghiOp vd Phdt tridn ndng tiidn, sd 8 ky 2 thang 4 nam 2011.
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INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT TO THE DEGRADABIUTY CAPABUJTY OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS IN RUMEN BY CNCPS MODEL OF PEANUT MEAL
La Van Kinh, Huynh Thanh Hoai and Nguyen Van Phu Summary
Most of protein content in feed was fermented in the rumen by bacteria system to produce amino acid and ammonia (NH3). To avoid the bacterial fermentation of true protein, decreasing of protein dissolution and digestion in rumen is needed. Heat treatment increases the water-insoluble protein content; therefore the by- pass protein content was improved. The experiment was carried out with 2 factors as heat and treated time (4x4). The peanut meal was treated at llO'C, 125''C, 140°C and 155"C in 30,60,90 and 120 minutes. Nitrogen fractions were analyzed by CNCPS model to evaluate the degradability capability in rumen of nitrogen compounds. The protein digestive rate in the intestinal tract was assessed by the protein dissolution in KOH of the treated feed ingredients. The best condition to treat peanut meal is lltf'C in 120 minutes, 125*'C in 30 minutes, 125°C in 60 minutes or UCC in 30 minutes.
Key words: Bj B^ B3, C, CNCPS, peanut meal, Non -protein nitrogen (NPN), heat treatment Ngudi phdn biOn: TS. Trdn Qudc ViOt
70 N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - Kt 1 - THANG 7/2011
