Tgp chi Khoa bgc 2012 23b 244-253 Tru&ng Dai hgc Can Tha
ANH HirdNG CtJA PACLOBUTRAZOL VA CHLORATE KALI Tl/Ol vAO DAT DEN SU" RA HOA, NANG SUAT,
VA P H A M CHAT TRAI M A N G CUT (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA L.) TAI HUYEN CAU K t - T I N H T R A VINH
Le Bdo Long. Le Vdn Hda vd Trdn Thi Bich Van'
ABSTRACT
This study was caried out to determine the optimal concentration ofpaclobutrazol (PBZ) and Potassium chlorate (KCIO?) as collar drenching on the flowering of thirteen-year-old mangosteen trees in Cau Ke district - Tra Vinh province, 2009/2010 season. The factorial experiment with two factors was arranged in randomized completely design, three replications, each replication had a tree. Tlie first factor was PBZ concentrations (0; 1.0 and 2.0 g a.i./m canopy diameter) and the second factor was KClOi concentrations (0; 20 and 40 g a.i./m canopy diameter). Paclobutrazol and KCIO; were applied as collar drenching when the leaves were 2.0-inonth-old. Tlie results showed that PBZ and KClOi did not affected on flowering time and increased flowering ratio as M-ell as yield. Trees treated with PBZ at 1.0 or 2.0 g ai. per meter of canopy diameter had flowering ratio and yield higher than that of non-treated ones. The results also showed that trees treated with KCIO; al 20 or 40 g a.i a.i. per meter of canopy diameter had also flowering ratio and yield higher than that of non-treated ones. Treating PBZ 1.0 g a i. combination with KClOs at 40 g a i or PBZ 2.0 g a.i combination with KClOs at 20 g a.i /m canopy diameter had flowering ratio and yield higher than those of other combinatorial interactions; however; Heating PBZ 2,0 g a.i. combination with KCIO3 at 40 g a i. /m canopy diameter decreased flowering ratio and yield Both PBZ and KCIO3 decreased fi'uil size and effected on the ratio of inner gamboges of mangosteen fruit.
Keywords: Paclobutrazol, Chlorate kali, collar drenching, flowering, mangosteen Title: Effect of paclobutrazol and potassium chlorate as collar drenching on flower
induction, yield, and quality of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Cau Ke district - Tra Vinh province
TOM T A T
Di ldi dugc thue hiin nhdm xdc dinh nong do tdi hdo cua paclobutrazol (PBZ) va Chlorate kali (KCIO?) tudi vdo ddt den su ra hoa ciia cdy mang cyt 13 nam tudi tgi huyin Cdu Ke - tinh Trd Vinh. miia vu 2009/2010. Thi nghiim thiea s6 hai nhdn td dugc bd tri theo the thitc hoan todn ngdu nhien. cd ba ldn lap lgi, mdi ldn lap lgi tuang ung mot cdy.
Nhdn 16 thu nhdt la ndng do PBZ (0; 1.0; vd 2.0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn) vd nhdn td thu hai Id ndng do KClOs (0; 20; vd 40 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn). Paclobutrazol vd KCIO3 dugc ap dung bdng cdch tuai vdo ddt khi Id 2,0 thdng ludi. Kit qud cho thdy PBZ vd KCIO3 khong dnh hudng din thdi gian ra hoa vd ldm gia lang /}* 1$ ra hoa cung nhu ndng sudt Cd}' xir ly vdi PBZ 1.0 hogc 2,0 gai cd ly le ra hoa vd nang sudt cao han cdy khdng xit ly. Kit qua ciing cho thdy cdy xir ly vdi KCIO3 20 hogc 40 g a.i cung co ly- le ra hoa vd ndng suat cao han cdy khdng xu ly Xu ly PBZ 1,0 g a.i. kit hgp vdi KClOs 40 g a 1 hogc PBZ 2.0 g a.i kit hop vdi KCIO; 20 g a.i /m dudng kinh tdn cd ty le ra hoa vd nang sudt cao han cdc to hop tuang tdc khdc, luy nhien. xit ly PBZ 2.0 g a.i. kil hgp vdi
' Khoa Kdng nghidp \ a Sinh hoc Cng dimg. Tmong Dai hpc C5n Tho
Tgp chi Khoa hpc 2012:23b 244-253 Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
KCIO3 40 g a. i. /m dudng kinh tdn ldm gidm ty li ra hoa vd nang sudi. Cd PBZ vd KCIO3 deu ldm giam kich thudc vd cd dnh hudng n le xi mu ben trong trdi mang cut.
Tu khda: Paclobutrazol, Chlorate kali, tudi vdo dat, ra hoa, mang cut 1 M O D A U
Mdng cut dugc mdnh danh la "Hodng haxC' ciia cac lodi trai cdy nfaiet ddi bdi phdm chat ngon. nhieu dinh dudng. dugc nfaieu ngudi ua chudng \ a cd tidm ndng xudt khdu ldn d Viet Nam (Nguyin An De et al.. 2004). Tuy nhidn. qua thu thdp kinh nghidm frdng mdng cut ciia mot sd ndng dan d huydn Chg Lach - tinh Bdn Tre vd hu> dii Cdu Ke — tinh Trd Vinh cho thay dd cd lgi nfaudn cao tir mdng cut tfai ngodi ydu to ra hoa sdm, mang cut phai cd nang sudt cao. Hidn nay. da cd mdt sd nghidn cuu vd xu ly ra hoa mang cut nfau: nghien cim xu ly ra hoa mdng cut bdng each phun PBZ (Sdoodee va Mongkol, 1991; Le Bao Long va Ld Van Hda. 2008a).
bdng bidn phap xiet nudc (Ld Bao Long va Le Van Hda, 2008b),... \'idc nghidn cihl xu ly ra hoa mdng cut bdng PBZ va KCIO3 tudi vdo dat hdu nhu chua dugc thyc hidn. muc tidu cua tfai ngfaiem nay la xdc djnh anh hudng ciia paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tudi vao dat ddn sy ra hoa, ndng suat, va phdm chdt trdi mdng cut (Garcinia mangostana L.).
2 P H l / O N G TIEN VA PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1 Phirong tien nghien cihi
Thi nghidm dugc thyc hidn tai \"udn cd\' mdng cut 13 nam tudi d cac vudn ciia ndng ddn d xa An Phii Tan - fauyen Cdu Ke - tirifa Trd Vinh miia vu 2009/2010 (miia thudn). mat do frdng 16 cdy/l .OOOm^.
Cac hda chdt can thidt: Pacio lOWP (paclobutrazol 10%. C.t> dich vu phdt tridn ndng nghidp Ddng Tfaap sdn xudt). cfalorate kaU (99.5%: fadng tfal nghidm do Trung Qudc san xudt).
2.2 Phirong p h a p nghien ciru Bd tri thi nghiem
Thi nghiem thira sd faai nfadn td dupe bd tri theo tfad thuc faoan toan ngdu nfaidn. cd ba ldn lap lai, mdi Idn ldp lai tuong umg mdt cd>. Nhan td thu nhdt la ndng dp PBZ (0; 1,0; va 2,0 g a.i./m dudng kinfa tan) va nhan td tfau hai la ndng dp KCIO3 (0; 20;
va 40 g a.i./m ducmg kinh tan). Hda chdt dugc pha vdo 40 lit nudc va dugc tudi deu each gdc 0,5 m ra ddn tan Id kfai la 2.0 tfadng mdi (tudi vdo cudi thang 10/2009 duong Uch. cdy dugc dd ra hoa tu nhidn). nhung ngdy sau tudi Udn tuc du am cho hda chdt tan ddu. Nudc frong muong vudn lim thdng tu nhien theo thiiy tridu hang ngay. myc nudc frong muong each mdt liep 0,4 — 0,6 m.
Cde chl tieu theo ddi
Chpn bdn cdnh a giira tan ca\ chia ddu ve bdn hudng kfaac nhau. danh ddu 20 chdi ngpn d canh thii cdp dd theo doi cdc chi tidu: thdi gian ra hoa (tir khi xir Iy PBZ \ a KCIO3 cho den khi nhii mdm hoa). t> Id ra hoa (%) \ a ty Id ddu trdi (%).
Cdn ngdu nhidn 100 frai/cay dd phdn loai trai theo tieu chudn cua Uc (Osman va Milan. 2006); frai loai ! (>]00 g). loai 2 (75-100 g) va loai 3 (<75 g).
Tap chi Khoa hoc 2012:23b 244-253 Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tba
Ndng sudt thyc te (kg/cdy) dugc tinh bdng tdng trpng lugng trai frdn ca\-.
Ty Id xi mu ben frong trai dugc gfai nhan frdn 100 frdi khi trai bat dau "didm".
Mau ddt dugc Idy d khodng giua gdc va tan cdy d giai doan 10 ngay sau khi xu ly hda chdL mdi cay lay ba vi tri khac nfaau. kich thudc mdu 20 x 20 cm va dp sdu lay mau la 0 - 25 cm, m l u thu vd dugc ngdm frong nudc cho ra hdt ddt de thu mlu re, ghi nhdn tong sd rd va sd re cd chdp rd bi chdt.
3 K E T QUA v A T H A O LUAN
3.1 Anh hirdng ciia paclobutrazol va Chlorate kali tirdi qua d^t den ty te re non bi chet
Kdt qua trinh bay d Hinh 1 cho thay ndng dp PBZ khdng anfa faudng ddn ty Id rd non bi chdt sau 10 ngay xir ly. Ndng dp KCIO3 cd anb hudng ddn ty Id re non bi chet, khac biet cd y nghta thdng ke d muc 1 %, ndng dp xii ly cang cao thi ty Id rd non bi chdt cang tdng; xir ly 40 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn cd ty Id re non bj chet cao nfadt (35,8%), kd ddn la 20 g a.i./m ducmg kinfa tan (17,1%), va thdp nhdt la 0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn (12.6%); dieu nay cd the do PBZ chi cd tac dung uc chd sy sinh trudng ciia i^ ma khdng gdy cfadt re, frong kfai dd KCIO3 gay ra chdt r l non.
Ld Vdn Chdn (2008) nhdn thdy KCIO3 gay ra chdt r l non nhan Xudng Com Vang khi dugc su dung kich thich ra hoa bdng bidn phap tudi vdo ddL Sy tuong tac giira PBZ va KCIO3 kfadng dnh hudng den ty Id rd non bi chdt sau 10 ngay xu ly.
2!,6 21.7
17.1b
12.6c ^ H
3S.Sa
1
Hinh 1: Ty le re non cua cay mang cyt bi chit sau 10 ngay tiroi Paclobutrazol v& Chlorate kali vao dat tai huyen Ciu Ke - tinh Tra Vinh, miia vu 2009/2010 (P: PBZ; K:
KCIO,)
3.2 Anh hirtmg cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tu-6i q u a dh den thM gian r a hoa
Thai gian ra hoa dugc tinh tii khi xir Iy PBZ va KCIO3 den Ithi nhu mlim hoa, tk ca cac nghiem thilc xii ly deu chi co mot dot ra hoa vao trung tuSn thang 01/2010 duong lich, va triing vcri miia vu ra hoa tu nhien ciia cay mang cut tai huyen CSu Ke - tinh Tra Vinh. Kit qua thi nghiem cho thiy PBZ khong anh hucmg d6n thai gian ra hoa (Hinh 2), di«u nay co le do PBZ chi co tac dung kich thich hinh thanh mam hoa ma khong co tac dong kich thich ra hoa va cay chi ra hoa khi gSp dieu kien moi miang thuan lgi. Le Bao Long va Le Van Hoa (2008a) khi nghien ciru phun PBZ qua la de xu Iy ra hoa cay mang cut nhan thSy PBZ khong co anh huong den thai gian ra hoa. Kit qua a Hinh 2 cho thiy KCIO3 khong anh hucmg dJn thcri
Tap chi Khoa hgc 2012.23b 244-253 Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
gian ra hoa: didu nay cd tbd do KCIO3 khdng cd hidu qua tdc ddng kich tfaiefa cdy mang cut ra hoa faay hieu qua tdc ddng kicfa thich ra hoa cua KCIO3 ddn cdy mdng cut chdm, vi kdt qua ngfaidn cuu x u ly ra faoa nhan Xudng Cam Vang bdng KCIO3 tudi vdo ddt ciia Ld Vdn Chdn (2008) cho thdy cdy ra faoa sau 38.6 ngdy xu ly KCIO3 24 g a.i/m dudng kinh tan (sdm han ddi chung 19,6 ngay). Sy tuong tdc giua PBZ va KCIO3 ddn thdi gian ra hoa kfadc bidt khdng cd y nghTa thdng kd.
Hinb 2: Anh birdng cua Paclobutrazol \ a Cblorate kaU tvm vao dat den tboi gian ra boa cua cSy m a n g cut tai huyen Cau K e ~ tinh T r a Vinh, mua vu 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 0 (P: PBZ; K:
KCIO3)
3.3 Anh h u ^ g cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tudi qua dat den t>' le ra hoa Paclobufrazol Id cfaat dieu hda sinh trudng tdng hgp dugc six dung dd kidm sodt sy sinh trudng sinh dudng va kich tfaich ra faoa frdn cdy an trai (Swietlik vd Miller.
1985). Trong khi dd. KCIO3 da dugc su dung dd kich tfaich ra faoa trdn cay nhan (Nakata et al, 2005: Ld Vdn Chdn. 2008). cd thd Iam la bi vang vd rung khi pfaim Idn la hoac lam r l va chdp rd bi thdi khi tudi vdo dat (Trdn Van Hdu. 2005).
Kdt qua thi nghidm cho thay xu ly PBZ va KCIO3 bdng bidn phap tudi vdo ddt cd anh hudng den su fainfa tfaanfa mam faoa: cd sy kfadc bidt tfadng kd ve ty Id ra hoa gifta tudi PBZ 1,0 va 2,0 g a.i./m so vdi 0,0 g a.i./m dudng kinfa tan d muc y nghia 1%
(39,44; 41,94% so vdi 22,50%), khdng cd sy khdc biet giua tudi PBZ 1,0 vdi 2,0 g a.i./m vdi nhau; ket qua cung cho thdy cd sy khdc bidt thdng kd giua tudi KCIO3 20 va 40 g a.i./m so vdi 0.0 g a.i./m dudng kinfa tan d miic y nghJa 1% (38,89: 42,50%
so vdi 22,5%). va cung khdng cd sy khac biet giiia tudi KCIO3 20 vdi 40 g a.i./m (Bang I). Sy khac bidt vd ty Id ra hoa giua xu Iy PBZ va KCIO3 bdng bidn phap tudi vao ddt so vdi khdng xu ly chu ydu Id do tac ddng PBZ vd KCIO3. Tran Vdn Hdu et al. (2005a) nhdn thay cay xodi Cat Hod Lpc cd xu ly PBZ qua ddt cd ty Id ra hoa cao hem kfadng xii ly, vd Trdn Van Hdu \ a Kgu> In Thj Kim Xuyen (2()09) ciing nhdn thdy ket qua tuong ty frdn cdy xodi Cat Chu. Trong kfai dd. khi nghidn cuu vd anh hudng ciia KCIO3 den sy ra faoa nfadn. Diczbalis vd Drirman (2007) nhdn thdy KCIO3 Iam tang ty Id ra hoa frdn ca\' nhan Chompoo.
Sy tuong tdc gifta cac lidu Iugng PBZ vd KCIO3 ddn ty Id ra hoa cd khac bidt d muc y nghia 1%. kdt qua phan fr'ch anh faudng ctia sy tuong tdc cho thdy xu Iy kdt hgp PBZ 2,0 g a.i./m vdi KCIO3 20 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn hoac PBZ 1,0 g a.i./m ket hgp VOT KCIO3 40 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan cd ty Id ra hoa cao hon cdc to hgp tuong tac khac (62.08% va 62,92%). Paclobutrazol dugc su dung de gia tdng ty Id ra hoa fren ca\ xoai (Trdn Vdn Hdu et al.. 2005a) va mdng cut (Ld Bao Long va Ld Vdn
p chi Khoa hoc 2012:23b 244-253 Tnr&ng Dai hgc Cdn Tha
Hda, 2008a), kdt qud thi nghidm cho thay khi xu ly ket hop vdi KCIO3 tfai hidu qud ciia PBZ gia tang, didu nay cd le do xur ly KCIO3 gdy ra chdt r l ddn ddn ban chd sy sinfa trudng cua cay, giup cdy chuydn qua frang tfadi sinfa san va vi tfad kfai xir ly kdt hgp se Iam gia tang ty Id ra hoa. Ket qua quan sat cung cho thdy cd faien tugng chim dpt, rung la, va ra hoa chiim kfai xu Iy PBZ 2,0 g a.i./m ket hgp vdi KCIO3 40 g a.i./m ducmg kinh tan, didu nay cd the do tac dpng uc chd sy fainh thanfa GA ciia PBZ; Sdoodee va Mongkol (1991) ciing nhan thau xu ly ra hoa cay mdng cut 5 ndm tudi bdng PBZ d lidu Iugng 4 g va 5 g/cay Iam canh ngan Iai va d lidu lugng 5 g/cdy gdy ra hidn tugng xoan Id cfadi nggn.
Bang 1: Anh huvng cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kaU tuvi vao dat den ty If ra boa (%) cay m a n g cut tai huyeo Cau Ke - t m h T r a Viob, miia vu 2009 — 2010
Ngfaiem thirc PBZ 0 g a.i./m dkt PBZ l,Oga.i./mdkt PBZ 2.0 g a.i./m dkt
X F (KCIO3) F (PBZ) F(KC]03XPBZ) CV(%)
0 14.58 c 23,33 be 29,58 b 22,50b
»» **
**
13,0KCIO3 20 g a.Um dkt
22,50 be 32,08 b 62,08a 38,89a
40 % a.L/m dkt 30,42 b
62,92a 34,17 b 42,50a
_
22,50 b 39,44a 41,94a
u giong nhau tk] kliong khdc biel a 'a ihdng ki qua phip Cdc so Irong cimg mgl cgl va hdng co mdu
IhuDuncan
'* khdc biel CO y nghTa ihdng ke a mirc 1%
dkt- dudng kinh Idn
3.4 Anh hudng cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tirdi vdo dat den ty Ie dau trdi Kdt qud trinh bay d hinh 3 cho thdy cd sy khac bidt y nghta thdng \!.e vd ty Id ddu trai giua xu ly PBZ 1,0 va 2,0 g a.i./m so vdi 0,0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan d muc y nghia 1% (74,4; 72,6% so vdi 81,3%), kfadng cd sy khac bidt giua tudi PBZ 1,0 vdi 2,0 g a.i./m; ket qua cung cho thdy cd sy kfadc bidt thdng kd giua tudi KCIO3 20 vd 40 g a.i./m so vdi 0,0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn d muc y nghia 1% (74,7;
72,92% so vdi 80,69%), khdng cd sy khac bidt giua tudi KCIO3 20 vdi 40 g a,i./m.
Sy tuong tac gifta cdc iidu Iugng PBZ va KCIO3 ddn ty Id ddu frdi khdng cd khdc bidt thdng kd.
74,4b 73.
Hinh 3 : Anh hirong cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tu*i vao dat den ty le r a hoa ciia cay mang cut tai huyen CSu Ke - tinh T r a Vinh, miia vu 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 0 (P: PBZ; K:
KCIO3)
Tap chi Khoa hoc 2012 23b 244-253 Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha
3.5 Anh huvng cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tvdi vao dat den t>' le trai loai 1, 2 va 3
Kdt qua phdn ticfa cho tfady xu ly PBZ \ a KCIO3 bang bien phdp tudi vao ddt cd anfa hudng ddn loai trai frdn cdy (Bang 2). Kdt qua nghidn cuu ciia Khurshid et al (1997) trdn trai tdo \ a ciia Yeshitela (2004) fren trdi xodi cho thdy PBZ tudi vao ddt Iam gidm frgng Iugng trai; frong kfai do, Nakata et al (2005), nfadn thdy KCIO3 cung lam giam kicfa thudc trai nhdn kfai tudi vao ddt dd xu ly ra hoa.
Bang 2: A n b hirvDg ciia paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tirdi vao dat den tS le (%) trai loai 1 {>100 g>, lofi 2 (75 - 100 g) va loai 3 (<75 g) t r e n cay mang cut tai huyen C a u Ke - tinb Trii Vioh, m n a vu 2009 - 2010
Nghiem there Trai loai 1
PBZ 0 g a.i. ra dkt PBZ 1,0 g a.i./m dkt PBZ 2.0 2 a.i./m dkt
.V F (KCIO3) F (PBZ) F(KC103xPBZ) CV(%) Trai loai 2
PBZ 0 g a.i./m dto PBZ 1,0 g a i . mdkt PBZ 2,0 g a.i. m dkt F (KCIO3) F(PBZ) F(KC103XPBZ) CV (%) Trai loai 3
PBZ 0 g a.i./m dkt PBZ l.Oga.i.'mdkt PBZ 2.0 g a.i./m dkt
X F (KCIO3) F (PBZ) F(KC103xPBZ) CV(%)
0 8,13a 7.78a 5.98a 7J0a
16.1
6.7 73,57a 69.60a 66.77a 69.98a
18.31 d 22,62cd 27.25cd 22.73c
11.9
KClOj 20 g ^\Jva dkt
7,47a 6.02a 3.49 b 5.66b
7I.87a 64,13a 52.63 b 62.88b
20.67 cd 29.85 c 43.88b 31.46b
40 g a.iViii dkt 6.34a 3.62 b 0.72 c 3,56c
64.57a 51,07 b 18J3 c 44.62c
29.09 cd 45.31 b 8I.05a 51.82a
.V 7,31a 5.81 b 3.40 c
70.00a 61.60 b 45.88 c
22.69 c 32.59 b 50.72a
W W Iheo sau gidng nhau thi khdng khdc biii co y nghia ihong ki qua phep
• khdc biii cd \ ngAu l A t ^ ke a irntc S
• • khdc biii cd y n^tia ihdng ke a mdc dkt dudng kirA ldn
Kdt qua trinh ba\- d bang 2 cho thd>- cd sy khac bidt V ngbia thdng ke d muc 1% vd loai frdi trdn cdy giua cdc ndng dp PBZ \a KCIO5 frrdi vao ddt. Xu Iy PBZ d ndng dp 2.0 g a.i./m cd ty Id trai loai I vd 2 thdp hon 1.0 yd 0.0 g a.L'm dudng kinfa tan.
trong dd 0.0 g a.i. cd t> Id trai loai 1 vd 2 cao nhdL ddi vdi t\ Id Q^i loai 3 thi
Tgp chi Khoa bgc 2012:23b 244-253 Tru&rtg Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
ngugc lai. Kdt qua thi nghidm ciing cho thdy ndng dp KCIO3 tudi vao ddt cdng cao thi ty Id trdi loai 1 vd 2 cdng thdp, va ngugc lai ty Id trai loai 3 tdr^ ldn, kfadc bidt cd y nghTa thdng kd d muc 1%. Su tuong tac gifta cac ndng do PBZ vd KCIO3 ddn ty Id trdi loai 1. 2 va 3 cd khac bidt y nghia thdiig ke; xu Iy PBZ Iam giam ty Id trai loai 1, 2 vd tang ty Id trai loai 3. va khi xu Iy kdt hop vdi ndng dp KCIO3 cang cao cdng Iam gidm ty Id trai loai I, 2 va tdng ty Id trdi loai 3. Kdt qua ciing cho didy xii ly kdt hop PBZ 2,0 g a.i./m vd KCIO3 40 g a.i7m dudng kinfa tan cd ty Id trai lo^i 1 va 2 qud tikp (0.72 va 18,23%.), frong khi dd ^ Id trai loai 3 qua cao (81,05%); didu nay cd thd do sy hinh thdnh hoa chiim ndn trai khdng cd kfaa ndng phat tridn (Hinh 4).
Hinh 4: Sir hinh thanh hoa chum khi xir I;^ ket h o p PBZ 2,0 g a.i./m va KCIO3 40 g a.i./ni dirong kinh tan
3.6 Anb hudng cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tirdi vao dat den ndng suat trai Kdt qua trinh bay d Bdng 3 ndng dp PBZ xu Iy qua dat cd dnh hudng ddn ndng sudt/cdy; cd su khac biet thdng kd vd ndng sudt gifta tudi PBZ 1,0 va 2,0 g a.i./m so vdi 0.0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tdn d muc y nghTa 1% (46,94; 52,87 kg/cdy so vdi 33,86 kg/cdy). khdng cd sy khac bidt giua tudi PBZ 1,0 vdi 2,0 g a.i./m. Kdt qua cung cho thay ndng dp KC103 ciing cd dnh hudng den ndng sudt, cd sy khdc bidt thong kd gifta tudi KCIO3 20 va 40 g a.i./m so vdi 0,0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan d muc y nghTa i% (52,09: 47.82 kg/cdy so vdi 33.76 kg/cdy), khdng cd sy khac biet gifta tudi KCIO3 20 vdi 40 g a.i./m. Ket qua nghien cuu ciia Nakata et al. (2005) trdn cdy nhdn cho thdy KCIO3 lam gia tang nang sudt khi dugc xu ly vao ddt. Trong khi dd, Trdn Van Hdu et al. (2005b) nhdn tfady xu ly PBZ vao ddt lam tang nang sudt fren cay xoai Cat Hda Ldc 8 nam tudi, vd Tran Van Hau va Nguyen Thi Kim Xuydn (2009) Cling nhdn thdy kdt qud tuong ty frdn cdy xodi Cat Chu.
Bang 3: Anh hirong ciia paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tiroi qua dat d^n nang su^t (kg/cay) cay mSng cut tai huyen Cau Ke - tinh T r a Vinb, mCia vu 2009 — 2010
Nghiem thuc PBZ 0 g a.i./m dkt PBZ 1.0 g a.i./m dkt PBZ 2.0 g a.i./m dkt
X F (KCIO3) F (PBZ) F(KC10]XPBZ) CV (%)
Cdc so irong cimg tngt col va hang thir Duncan
0 22.50 c 27.53 c 51,23b 33,76b
** **
**
14,8• CO mau III theo
KCIO3 20 g a.i./ m dkt
28,43 c 52,00 b 75,83a 52.09a
iau giang nhau ihi khon^
40 g a.i.
: khac fuel i
.1 m dkt 50,63 b 79,07a 13,77 c AlXla
:o V ngliia ihong
—
33,86 b 52,87a 46,94a
kiquapliep
" khdc bift CO y nghia thdng ki a dh- dudng kinh tdn
Tgp chl Khoa hgc 2012:23b 244-2 Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Sy tuong tac giua PBZ vd KCIO3 ddn ndng sudt cdy cd sy khac biet y nghTa thdng kd d muc 1%, xu ly PBZ lam gia tang ndng sudt/cdy va khi kdt hop vdi KCIO3 cang lam gia tdng ndng sudt, tuy nfaidn kfai ket hgp vdi ndng dp qua cao ddn ddn Iam gidm ndng sudt; kdt qua d Bang 3 cho thay xu ly PBZ 2,0 g a.i./m ket hgp vdi KCIO3 20 g a.i./m dudng kinfa tan faoac PBZ 1,0 g a.i./m kdt hgp vdi KCIO3 40 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan cd nang suat cao ban nang suat ciia cac td hop tuong tac kfaac (75,83% vd 79,07 kg/cay), sy gia tang nang sudt chu ydu Id do gia tdng ty Id ra faoa. Mdc dii cd ty Id ra hoa cao hon khdng xu ly nhung xu ly kdt hgp PBZ 2,0 g a.i./m va KCIO3 40 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan cd nang sudt tfadp nhdt (13.77 kg/cdy).
didu nay xay ra chu ydu do ty Id frdi loai I vd 2 qua thdp (0.72 va 18,23%) trong khi dd ty Id trai loai 3 qua cao (81,05%).
3.7 Anh huong cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali tvtifi vao d4t d^n ty le xl mu b@n trong trai
Kdt qud thi nghiem cho thdy xu ly PBZ va KCIO3 cd dnfa faudng ddn ty Id xi mu bdn trong trdi; kdt qua d Hinh 5 cho thdy ty Id xi mii bdn trong frai gia tang ciing sy gia tang ndng do PBZ xu Iy. cd sy khac biet cd y nghia thdng kd giua xu ly PBZ 0 g a.i./m vd 2,0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan, khdng cd sy khac bidt thdng kd gifta xu ly PBZ 1,0 g a.i./m so vdi 0 va 2,0 g a.i./m dudng kinh tan vdi nhau. Ndng dp KCIO3 cung anh faudng ddn ty Id xi mu bdn trong trai. cd sy khac bidt cd y nghTa thdng kd d muc 1% giua cac ndng dp KCIO3 vdi nhau. xu Iy KCIO3 d nong dd cang cao thi ty Id xi mu ben frong frai cang tang. Su tucmg tdc gifta PBZ va KCIO3 khdng anb hudng den ty Id bj xi mu bdn frong frdi.
Xu ly PBZ vd KCIO3 bdng bidn phap tudi vao dat cd anh hudng den ty Id xi mu bdn trong trdi cd le do rd bi thiet hai kfai xu ly faoa chat nfaidu dan den su fadi phuc re non khdng kjp thdi da lam anh budng ddn qud trinh phat trien cua trai. Vd kdt qua nghidn cuu cua Khurshid et al (1997) tdn trdi tao hay cua Yeshitela (2004) frdn trdi xoai cung cho thdy PBZ xu Iy bdng bien phuang phdp tudi vao ddt cd anfa hudng ddn phdm chdt trai.
) 15 10 - 5 -
Hinh 5: A n b bir<hig cua paclobutrazol va chlorate kali t u ^ vao d a t den ty le xi mu ben t r o n g t r a i m a n g cut tai huven C^n Ke - tinh Tra Vinh, mua vu 2009 - 2010 (P:
P B Z ; K: KCIOj)
Tgp chi Kboa hoc 2012 23b 244-253 Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
4 K £ T LUAN v A DE NGHI 4.1 Ket luan
Nong dp PBZ khdng cd anh faudng ddn thdi gian ra hoa va ty le re non bi chdt nhung cd anh hudng ddn ty Id ra hoa. ty Id ddu frai, loai trai, nang suat va phdm chat frdi. Xu Iy PBZ vdi Iidu Iugng 1,0 hodc 2,0 g a.i./m dudng kinfa tan deu cd ty Id ra faoa vd ndng suit cao faon ddi cfaung kfadng xu Iy PBZ (39,44; 41.94% so vdi 22,50% va 46,94; 52,87 kg/cdy so vdi 33,86 kg/cdy).
Ndng dp KCIO3 khdng cd dnfa faudng den thdi gian ra faoa nfaung cd dnh faudng den ty Id rd non bi cfadL ty Id ra hoa, ty Id dau trdi, loai frai, ndng suat va phdm chdt frdi.
Xft ly KCIO3 vdi Iidu lugng 20 faodc 40 g a.i./m dudng kinfa tan deu cd ty le ra faoa va nang sudt cao hon ddi chung (38,89; 42.50% so vdi 22.5% vd 52,09; 47,82 kg/cdy so vdi 33,76 kg/cdy).
Sy tuong tac gifta PBZ va KCIO3 cd anh hudng ddn ty Id ra hoa va ndng sudt/cdy;
xu ly PBZ 1.0 g a.i. kdt bgp vdi KCIO3 40 g a.i. hodc PBZ 2,0 g a.i. ket hgp vdi KCIO3 20 g a.i. /m dudng kinh tan cd ty Id ra hoa va ndng suat cao; tuy nfaidn, xu ly PBZ 2.0 g a.i. kdt hgp vdi KCIO3 40 g a.i. /m dudng kinh tan ldm giam ty Id ra hoa va nang suat.
Cd PBZ va KCIO3 ddu lam tdng \y Id xi mii bdn trong frdi mdng cut. (muc 3.7) 4.2 De nghi
Can cd nhung nghidn ctru khac nfaau vd bidn pfadp xu ly PBZ vd KCIO3 dd cd kdt ludn cfainfa xdc hon vd dnh hudng cua PBZ va KCIO3 ddn sy ra hoa. nang suat, va pfadm chdt trdi mdng cut. Ddng thdi nghidn cftu sy luu tdn frong ddt ciia PBZ va KCIO3 trudc khi khuydn cao vdo sdn xuat dai fra.
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