Con^ nghiep rirng
J ANH HlTOfNG CUA DO NHOTT CHAT PHUPOLVURETHAN (PU) DEN CHAT LU'ONG CUA MANG SOW
P h a m Thi Anh Hong', Nguyen Thi Minh Ngu\ et'. Cao Quoc An ThS. Tnrdng Dai hoc Ldm nghiep
' TS Tnrdng Dai hpc Ldm nghiep PGS. TS Tnrdng Dgi hgc Ldm nghiep T O M T . \ T
Anh huong ciia dp nhot den chat lupng mang son PU dupc thirc nghidm tren tren mpt loai son gom dung moi, ty le thanh phin cac chat diroc lua Ipn va cac thong so cong nghe phun dupc co dinh. Ket qua chi ra rang \ ai dp nhoi dupc chuan bj cho phun anh huong dang ke den chat luong ciia mang scm nliu then gian kho, dp bong, do nhSn, dp dong deu be mSt, dp day, do cimg, kha nang chong mai mon, dp bam dinh be mat (theo phucmg phap ke 6), chong Ua UV. Dp nhoi hpp ly dd phun trong trucmg hpp son dupc lira chpn thidt bi Iwaia WIOI-IOIS va cocdo dp nhdt NK-2 i.iip{Anesl Iwata Japan), vcji ap suat phun: 0.24-0,29 Mpa cho cac miic dp nhoi tir 9 den 18s.
Tir khoa: Chdt lufng cda mdng son, do nhdt, phun, phun khi nen, sim PV.
I. DAT VAN DE
Trang siic be mat go bang scm PU hien nay rat pho bien. Scm PU co nhieu uu diem nhu mang scm kho nhanh, bam dinh tot. phang min, do bong cao, cung nhung co tinh deo. co gia thanh phu hgp. Tren thj truong hien nay co rat nhieu loai son PU vai cac hang san xuat khac nhau, nhung xu huchig tu tao son PU cung dang dugc cac nha san xuat soil quan tam. Do nhat la mgt thugc tinh anh huong den tat ca cac giai doan tir dicu che den cong nghe su dung va chat lugng ciia mang son. Do do, viec ngliien cOai anh huang ciia do nliat chat tao mang son PU den chal lugng mang son la rat can thiet va co y nghia.
II. \ .A I LIEU, PHUONG PHAP NGHIKN C U t 2.1. \ ' a t lieu nghien ciru
- Son PU (san lot, son mau, son phu) 2 thanh phan tu tao;
- Van nen: Van ghep thanh san xuat tir go Keo lai co y - 0.58 g/cm';
- Phuong phap do do nhat; Do do nhot cua son Uuac khi phun bang pheu chay (1> = 4 mm a nhiet do T = 25 ± 0,5"C;
- Phucmg phap phun khi nen: Ap suat phun;
(0.24 - 0,29) MPa. khoang each phun: (20 - 30) mm,
2.2. Phuong p h a p nghien cuu
- Phuang phap kc thua: Ke thira cac lai lieu vc ly thuyet dan dinh, ly thuyet ve son PU, cac tai lieu nghien cuu dugc cong bo vc son PU.
- Phuang phap thuc nghiem: Thi nghiem don yeu to. Tien hanh thi nghiem thay doi do nhot cua san \ a xac dinh tinh chat mang son theo cac Ueu chuan hi?n hanh. Xu ly so lieu diing phan mem excel.
Bo tri thi nghiem dugc trinh bay a bang 01.
Bang 01. Bo (ri thi nghiem STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Loai son PU Son PU 161 San PU mau
Son PU phu (bong/ma)
Dg nhdt (s|
12 15 18 10 13 16 9 12 15
1 Tinh chat kiem tra - Thai gian kho (kho be mat.
triet de):
- Dp ben dan dinh.
- Then gian kho (kho be mat.
triet de);
- Dg ben dan dinh.
- Tlioi gian kho (kho be mat.
IriC-l de);
- Do bong mang son;
- Dp ben hoa chat: axit, kiem - Kha iiang chong tia UV - Do ben dan dinh;
- Dp cijmg ciia mang son:
- Dp mai mon.
kho
kill)
kho
Phirong phap kiem tra -TCVN2096-1 2015 -TCVN 2097-1993 -TCVN2096-I 2015 -TCVN 2097-1993 -TCVN2096-1:2015 -TCVN 2101: 2008 -TCVN 9013-2011 -TCVN 8785-2011 -TCVN 2097-1993 - ASTMD 3363
T,\P CHI K H O . \ HOC \ .\ CONG NCIIE 1..VM N G H I E P SO 1-2016 47
Cong nghiep r
Ml. KET QUA \ .\ TH.AO LU.VN
3.1. Ki-I qua kilm tra thoi gian kho cua mang son
Thai gian kho ciia mang son dugc ki8m tra theo TCVN 2096 - 1993.
10 13 16 Dp nliol cua sum PL' miu (s) :S1.6
ri.4
tl.2
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DQ nhul cuu ^o-n PU bdag (s)
Hinh 01. Anh h u u n g ciia do n h o i sun PU (do u T ^ 25±0,S"C) den thoi g i a n k h o be mat ciia m a n g scm
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Du nhot cua sirn Pl lot (s)
12 10
9 12 15 Dp nhot cua son PL mir (s)
10 13 16 DA nhot ciia sim PL mau (s)
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Anh hiroTig cua do nhot son PU (do or T = 25±0,5"C) diin thiri aian khii tri?t de cua m a n g son T A P C H I K H O A EI(.)C \ A ( ( ' ) \ ( ; N ( ; | I K L A M N G H I E P .SO 1 - 2 0 1 6
Cong nghiep rirng Ket qua tii hinh 0 1 , 02 cho thay; Dp nhdt
cija scm PU khac nhau, thoi gian kho bk mat va kho tri^t de ciia mang scm ciing khac nhau.
Dieu do chiing to dp nhdt anh huong den thui gian kho ciia mang son.
Khi dp nhot ciia sorn PU (lot, mau, phii) tang len thi thoi gian kho be mat, thai gian kho triet de ciia mang son deu giam va nguoc lai. Dieu nay duac giai thich nhu sau: Su tao thanh mang son PU tren van gom 2 giai doan: giai doan 1 la dung moi bay hai, giai doan 2 xay ra phan img tao mang ciia he polymer giSa cac
nhom chiic NCO (isocyanate) vai OH (hydroxyl). Do do, khi dp nhot cua son tang
\uqr\g dung moi trong scm giam, dan den thai gian bay hai dung moi trong mang son se giam va phan ling lao mang giua nhom chiic NCO voi OH xay ra sam hem. Khi dp nhat ciia son giam. luong dung moi trong mang son tang len, lam cho thai gian bay hai dung moi trong mang son dai, dan den phan iing tao mang giiia nhom chuc NCO voi OH xay ra muon hon.
3.2. Ket qua kiem tra do bong cua mang sffn
9 12 15 Do n h o i cua scrn PU mo' (s)
0 6 n h o i cua s e n PU b o n g (s)
Hinh 03. Anh huong ciia do nhot sun PU (do u T = IS^CS^C) den dQ bong ctia mang son Ket qua tir hinh 03 cho thay: Do nhat ciia
chat tao mang scm PU khac nhau, dp bong cua mang son cung khac nhau. Dieu do chiing to dp nhat anh huong den dp bong cua mang son.
Dp bong ciia mang son PU phii (bong, mo) a dp nhot 9s thap hmi so voi dp bong cua mang son 6 dp nhot I2s, I5s va do bong ciia mang 6 dp nhat 12s cao han so voi dp bong ciia mang a dp nhdt 15s. Dieu nay duac giai thich nhu sau: Khi phun son o dp nhdt thap, trong qua trinh say kho mang son lupng dung
moi bay hoi nhieu. chal tao mang tren van it, miic dp che phii tren be mat van kem, lam giam dp bong cua mang son. Nguoc lai, phun son 6 dp nhdt cao. lu^mg dung moi bay hai it, chal tao mang tren \an Idn, kha nang dan trai ctia son kem, lam giam miic dp dong deu cua mang scm, dan den dp bong ciia mang bi giam.
Vi vay. khi trang siic van khong nen phun son d dp nhdt qua thap hoSc qua cao.
3.3. Ket qua kiem tra d^ bam dinh ctia miing son
TAP CHI KHOA H O C \ A CONG \ < ; H K I. VM N G H I E P SO I-20I6
Cdng nghiep rung
9 12 15 Do nhot cua son Pl' lot (s)
IS
Do nhot cOa son PL' mau (s)
m
Do nhoi cua Mrn Pl bong (s) Do nhoi ciia sorn PL' mif (s)
Hinh 04. Anh huoTig ciia d? nhoi SOTI PU (do u T = 25±0,5''C) dcii do ben d^n dinh ciia m^ng son mang son ben viJng han.
Khi phun son d dp nhdt r|i6t = 12s, r|niiu=
10s, Tiphu = 9s, dp ben dan dinh cua mang son d6u la 2 diem, nghTa la mang son cd cac mang bong ra d cac diem cat nhau vdi di^n tich chiem 5% so vdi dipn tich be mat ciia mang ludi. Dicu nay duac giai thich nhu sau: Khi dp nhdt ciia son giam, lupng dung moi trong mang son tang, ham lupmg chat tao mang tren van it, lam giam miic lien ket tao mang giihi nhdm chirc trong mang son.
3.4. Ket qua kiem tra do cirng ciia mang son K8t qua tir hinh 04 cho thay: Dp nhdt ciia
son PU khac nhau, dp ben bam dinh ciia mang sOTi cung khac nhau. Dieu do chiing to dp nhdt anh hudng den dp ben bam dinh ciia mang san.
Khi phun son PU (lot, mau, bdng, md) d dp nhdt iii6i= 15s, 18s, iimau= 13s, 16s, iiphu ^I2s, 15s thi dp ben dan dinh cua mang son deu la 1 diem, tuong iing vdi cac \ct cat hoan loan nhan, mang son khong cd cac mang bong ra.
Dieu nay dupc giai thich nhu sau: khi dp nhdt cua son tang lupng dung moi irong son giam, ham luong chat tao mang tren van tang, lam cho lien ket lao mang giiia nhdm chirc trong
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Do nh6l cua som PU m<r (s) Do nh6l cua som PL b6ng (s) Hinh 05. Anh huong cua do nhot son PU (do a T = 25±0,5''( ) den do cung ciia mang soTi Ket qua tir hinh 05 cho thay: Dp nhdt ciia khac nhau. Dicu do chiing td dp nhdt anh son PU khac nhau, dp ciing ciia mang son ciing hudng d^n dp ciing ciia mang son.
50 T.\P CHi KHOA HQC \ A ( 6 N ( ; N(;HK IAM NGHIfP SO 1-2016
Cdng nghiep rirng Khi dp nhdt cua son PU (lot, mau, bdng,
md) tang len thi dp ciing ciia mang son tang va ngupc lai. Dieu dd dugc giai thich nhu sau:
Khi dp nhdt ciia son tang, luong dung moi trong son giam, ham lugng chat tao mang tren van lang, lam cho moi lien ket t^o mang giiia nhdm chiic NCO vdi OH ben viing hon. Khi
dp nhdt cua son giam, lugng dung moi trong mang son tang, ham lugng chat tao mang it.
Iam cho mdi lien ket tao mang giira nhdm chiic NCO vdi OH giam. d3n d^n dp cimg ciia mang scm giam.
3.5. Ket qua kiem tra do mai mon cua mang son
H i n h 06. .Anh h u u n g c i i a do nhot son PU ( d o u T =
Ket qua tir hinh 06 cho ihay: Dp nhdt ciia son PU khac nhau. dp mai mon ciia mang son cung khac nhau. Dieu dd chiing to dp nhdt anh hudng den kha nang chiu mai mdn ciia mang son.
Khi dp nhdt ciia son PU phu (bdng, md) tang thi dp mai mdn ciia mang son giam \a ngupc lai. Dieu nay dugc giai thich nhu sau:
Khi dp nhdt ciia son tang, ham lugng chat tao
9 12 15 Do nhcrt cua son PU bong (s) | :0.5"r) den do ben m a i mon cua mang son
mang tren \an tang, lam cho lien ket tao mang giira nhdm chiic NCO vdi OH ben viing hon.
Khi dp nhdt ciia son giam, ham lugng chat tao mang tren van it. lam cho mdi lien ket tao mang giiia nhdm chirc NCO vdi OH giam. do dd. dp mai mdn ciia mang son Idn.
3.6. Ket qua kiem tra do ben hda chat cua mang SOD
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D9 nh6t ctia son PU bong (s)
Hinh 07. Anh hirong cua dO nhot sff .^00 87.55" 85.01 86.28 -
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n PU den do ben axit cua mang son
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9 12 15 9 12 15 D^ nhot cua sim PU b6ng (s) Di» nhoi ciia son PU mff (s)
9 12 15 D9 nhot cua son PU mo (s)
Hinh 08. Anh hirong cua d^ nhut sirn PU (do uT = 25-0.5'C ) den dg ben kiem ciia mang san TAP CHI KHOA HQC V.A CO^C. NGHE l.AM NGHIEP SO 1-2016 51
Cdng nghiep rimg
Ket qua tir hinh 07, 08 cho thay: Dp nhdt ciia ch^t tao mang son PU khac nhau, dp ben axit, kiem ciia mang son ciing khac nhau. Dieu dd chiing td dp nhdt anh hudng den dp ben hda chat cita mang son.
Khi dp nhdt ciia son tang thi dp ben axit, kiem ciia mang son ciing lang va ngugc lai.
Dieu nay dugc giai thich nhu sau: Khi dp nhdt ciia son tang, sau khi say kho chat tao mang
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tren van tang, dp phu ciia son Idn. Khi dp nhdt ciia son giam, sau khi say kho chat tao mang tren van it hon, dp phii ciia son thap. Do dd, khi trang siic van khong nen phun d dp nhdt thap qua vi lugng dung mdi bay hoi nhieu, chat tao mang tren van it, dan den dp phu thap, Iam giam kha nang chiu axit, kiem ciia mang son.
3.7. K i t q u a kiem t r a d p ben n u d c ciia mang son
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9 12 15I TII
Do nhot ciia son PU mir (s)
9 12 IS D9 nhot ctia son PU bong (s) Hinh 09. .\nh hironj; cua do nhoi sun PU (do*- [ = 25±0,5"C) den d? ben nudc ciia mang son Ket qua tir hinh 09 cho thay: Dp nhdt ciia
chat tao mang son PU khac nhau, dp b^n nudc ciia mang son ciing khac nhau. Di^u dd chimg 16 dn nhdt anh hudng den dp ben nudc ciia mang son.
Khi dp nhdt ciia son tang thi dp nudc cua son cung tang va ngugc lai. Dicu nay duoc giai thich nhu sau: Khi dg nhdt ciia son tang, sau
3.8. Ket qua kiem tra kha nang chong tia LV ciia mang son
khi say khd chal tao mang tren van tang. Khi dp nhdt ciia son giam. sau khi say kho chat t^o mang tren van it hon. Do dd, khi trang siic van khdng nen phun d dp nhdl thap qua vi trong qua trinh say lugng dung mdi bay hoi nhi6u, chat lao mang tren van it, dan d^n dp phu ihap. lam cho kha nang chiu nudc ciia mang son gidm.
D9 nhoi cua son Pl honji (s) D9 nhot cua son PU mff (s)
Hinh 10. .\nh huong cua d? nhot son PU (do u T = ZSiO.S-C) d^n d.) b^n ti:. IA cua^niaiig^sffn
T . \ P C H i KHOA HOC \ A CONC; N(;iIF. LAM N G H I E P SO 1-2016
Cong nghiep rirng Ket qua tir hinh 10 cho thay: Do nhdt ciia
chat tao mang son PU khac nhau, dp b^n tia UV ciia mang son ciing khac nhau. Dieu dd chiing td dp nhdt anh hudng den kha nang chiu tia UV ciia mang son.
Khi dp nhdt cua son tang thi dp ben tia UV ciia son ciing tang va ngugc lai. Dieu nay dugc giai thich nhu sau: Khi dp nhdt ciia son tang, sau khi say khd chat tao mang tren van tang, dg phu cao hon, lam cho kha nang chiu tia UV ciia mang dugc tang len. Khi dp nhdt ciia scm giam, sau khi say khd chat tao mang tren van it, dp phii kem hon, lam giam kha nang chiu tia UV cua mang, do dd khi trang siic van khdng nen phun d dp nhdt qua thap.
IV. KET LUAN
Tir cac ket qua nghJen cuu, cd the nit ra mdt sd ket luan nhu sau:
Khi dp nhdt tang, da phan cac tinh chat cua mang son PU (lot. mau. phu) deu tang dang ke.
Tuy nhien, khi phun PU ldt d dp nhdt r\ =18s.
PU mau T] ^ Ids, PU phu TJ =15S do dan trai
ciia son kem, dp bdng ciia mang son giam hem so vdi dp bdng d cac miic qkst =15s, qmiu =I3s, nphu ^12s. Vi vay, d^ dat dugc yeu cau trang siic cho van nen nen phun son PU (ldt, mau, phu) d cac miic qi6i =l5s, qmiu =13s, Hf^ii =12s la thich hgp nhdt vi d muc dp nhdt nay kha nang dan trai ciia son tdt, mang son dat dp bdng cao nhat.
Khi phun son d cac cap do nhdt khac nhau, ca 2 loai son PU tao ra cd kha nang chiu axit, ki^m. nudc, tia UV khdng cao. Dieu nay chimg td, cac loai san PU tao ra chua cai thien dugc tinh nang \'h do ben a xit, kiem, nudc, tia UV.
T.AI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Trin Van Chir (2004) Cong ngh4 trang sue vdt lieu go. \ X B Nong nghiep. Ha Ngi.
2 Nguyt-n Van Lpe (2008) Ky thugt san do go.
N.XB Giao due. Ha Npi.
3. Nguyen V3n Lgc (2005). Arv//fud/507i. NXB Giao due. Ha Nifn
4. Nguyin Huy Tong (2013) So tay kien ihuc ca bdn vison NXB Bach khoj. Ha Noi
5. Tnitmg Dai hgc Lam nghiep (2005). Cong ngh4 trang sue hien dgi. Tai li^u dich Iieng Anh, Ha Tay.
E F F E C T S O F VISCOSITY POL^ t R E T H A N E (PU) COATING TO QUALITY O F DRIED PAINT FIL.M
Pham Thi Anh Hong, Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet, Cao Quoc An SUMMARY
The effects of viscosity to quality of PU-coatings expcnmented by the chosen paint, solvent, ratio and determined spraying-technological-pararaelers have been investigated. The results show that, the viscosity prepared for spraying significantly affect on dry lime and quality of the coating such as gloss, appearance (smooth and uniform), film thickness, hardness, abrasion resistance, cross-cut adhesion (by (he method of "
Crosshatch"), UV resistance, chip resistance... The reasonable viscosiiy for air spraymg in the case of one type of PU chosen and used, chosen spraying gun is Iwata WIOI-IOIS and \iscosity meter used is NK-2 cup (Ancst Iwata Japan): the air pressure used is 0,24-0,29 MP,atviscosity9 to 18s
Ke>'words: Air spraying, PC coating, quality of coating, viscosity.
.Ngirdi p h a n b i e n
Nga> nhan bai Ngay phan bien Ngay quyet dinh ddng
TS. Vd Thanh Minh 23/11/2015 20/12/2015 26/12/2015
TAP CHi KHOA HQC V.A C ONC; NGHE LAM N ( ; H I E P SO 1-2016
