NHUNG SIJA DOI, B 6 SUNG VE KHANG CAO, KHANG NGHI THEO THU TUC PHUC T H A M TRONG
B O LUAT TO TUNG DAN SU" NAM 2015
Nguyen Thi Thu Ha
Tom tdt: Bdi viC't phdn tich vd binh ludn nhicng diem mdi trong cdc quy dinh vi khdng cdo, khdng nghi theo thii tuc phuc thdm ciia Bd lugt To tung Ddn su ndm 2015.
Abstract: This article analyses and makes comment on new issues of provisions on appeal under appellate procedure according to the Civil Procedure Code of 2015.
B
6 luat T6 tung Dan su da dupe QuIc hpi Khoa XIII th6ng qua ngay 25/11/20I5 va co hieu luc ke tir ngay 01/07/2016 (BLTTDS nam 2015). Cd thi noi, BLTTDS nam 2015 da eo nhieu quy dinh mdi, tien b6, khac phuc duoc nhung diem bat cap, chua hpp Ii trong cac quy dinh cua Bp luat Td tung Dan sy nam 2004 (sira ddi, bd sung nam 2011) (BLTTDS nam 2011). Trong do. cac qu;' djnh ve khang cao, khang nghi theo thii tuc phiic tham Cling CO nhicu sira d6i, b6 sung nham dap img yeu cau cai each tu phap ciia Dang va Nha nude cung nhu cu the hoa eac quy djnh cLia HiC-n phap nam 2013. Luat T6 chiic Toa an nhan dan nam 2014 va Luat Td chuc Vien kicni sat nhiin dan nam 20141. \'c doTi khang cao
Trudc da\'. Dilu 244 BLl^l'DS nam 2011 dii quy dinh \ e npi dung ciia don khang cao, thii tuc gCri don khang cao va tai heu, ehinig cu gui kem theo don khang cao.
!:)ilu 272 BLTTDS nam 2015 b l sung lam ro npi dung dan khang cao khi ducmg su, ngirdi dai dien theo phap luat ciia duong su iiy qu\cn khang cao; npi dung van ban iiy quyen khang cao: dieu kien de van ban iiy quyen khang cao duac coi la hap phap
rS . "1 rirong Dai hoc Luai
Viec quy dinh nhu vay nham tao thuan lpi cho duong sy thyc hien viec iiy quyen khang cao cung nhu Toa an co co sd phap ly d l xac dinh chinh xac pham vi iiy quyen, tinh hop phap ciia van ban uy quyen khang cao. Cu the:
- Ngudi khang cao neu kh6ng tu minh khang cao thi co the uy quyen cho nguoi khac dai dien cho minh. Tai muc ten, dja chi ciia ngudi khang cao trong dan phai ghi ho, ten, dia chi cua ngudi dai dien theo iiy quyen ciia ngudi kliang cao, ciia nguoi khang cao; s6 dien thoai, fax, dia chi thu dien tir (neu co) cua ngudi khang cao va van ban iiy quyen. C3 phan cu6i don kliang cao.
ngudi dai dien theo iiy quyen phai ky ten hoac diem ehi.
Ngudi dai dicn theo phap luat cua ducmg su la eo quan, t6 chuc co the tu minh lam don khang cao. Tai muc ten, dja chi ciia ngudi khang cao trong don phai ghi ten, dja chi; so dien thoai, fax, dia chi thu dien tir (neu co) ciia ducmg su la co quan, t6 chiic;
ho, ten, chuc vu cua ngudi dai dicn theo phiip luat ciia ducmg sy la ca quan, td chuc.
O phan cu6i dan khang cao, ngudi dai dien theo phap luat phai ky ten va dong dau cua CO quan, t6 chuc do; trudng hap doanh nghiep khang cao thi viec su dung con dau theo quy dinh ciia Luat Doanh nghiep.
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NHONGSCA BOI, BdSUNG...
- Trudng hop ngudi dai didn theo phap luEit ciia CO quan, td chuc uy quyen cho ngudi khac khang cao thi tai muc tdn, dia chi cda ngudi khang cao trong don phai ghi hp, ten, dia chi cua ngudi dai didn theo uy quyen, cua duong sy la co quan, td chuc uy quydn; sd dien thoai, fax, dia chi thu dien tu (neu cd) cua duong su la co quan, td chuc uy quydn; hp, tdn, chuc vu cua ngudi dai dien theo phap luat cua duong su la co quan, td chdc dd va van ban uy quydn. CJ phan cudi dan khang cao, ngudi dai dien theo uy quydn phai ky tdn hoac didm chi.
- Ngudi dai dien theo phap luat cua duang sy la ngudi chua thanh nien, ngudi mat nang luc hanh vi dan sy cd the ty minh lam don khang cao. Tai muc ten, dia chi cua ngudi khang cao trong don phai ghi hp, ten, dia chi cua ngudi dai dien theo phap luat; hp, tdn, dia chi cua duang sy la ngudi chua thanh nien, ngudi mat nang luc hanh vi dan sy. O phan cudi don khang cao, ngudi dai dien theo phap luat phai ky ten hoac diem chi.
- Trudng hop ngudi dai dien theo phap luat ciia duong sy dy quyen cho ngudi khac dai dien cho minh khang cao thi tai muc ten, dia chi cua ngudi khang cao trong don phai ghi hp, ten, dia chi cua ngudi dai dien theo uy quyen va van ban uy quyen; hp, ten, dia chi cua ngudi dai dien theo phap luat cua duong sy uy quyen; hp, ten, dia chi cua ducmg sy la ngudi chua thanh nien, ngudi mat nang luc hanh vi dan sy. O phan cudi don khang cao, ngudi dai dien theo uy quyen phai ky ten hoac diem chi.
Viec uy quyen phai dupe lam thanh van ban co cong chung, chung thyc hap phap, tru trudng hpp van ban uy quyen dd duoc lap tai Tda an cd su chung kien cua Thdm phan hoac ngudi dupe Chanh an Toa
an phan cdng. Trong van ban uy quyen phai c6 ndi dung ducmg sir uy quydn cho ngudi dai dien khang cdo ban an, quydt dinh tam dinh chi, dmh chi giai quyet vu an cua Tda an cap sa tham.
Ngoai ra, nh5m hien dai hda cac hoat ddng cua Tda an cung nhu bao dam mpi ngudi ddu tiep can cdng ly mpt each thuan loi thi viec khang cao, nhSn, xd ly don khang cao dugc thuc hidn qua Cdng thdng tin dien td cua Tda an (neu cd). Vi vay, trong don khang cao ngoai viec ghi ten, dia chi cua ngudi khang cao nhu trudc day thi khoan 1 Didu 272 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh trong don khang cdo ghi rd s6 dien thogi, fax, dia chi thu dien tu (neu co) cua ngudi khdng cdo de Tda an thuc hien viec nhan, xd ly don khang cao bang phuong thuc true tuyen. Tuy nhien, khoan 7 Dieu 272 BLTTDS nam 2015 mdi chi quy dinh don khang cao giri den Tda an cap sa tham da ra ban an so tham ma chua quy dinh ro phuong thuc giri don khang cao. Do do, de thuan loi cho ngudi dan thyc hien viec khang cao, Tda an nhan dan tdi cao can cd hudng dan ve phuong thuc gui don khang cao gidng nhu phuong thuc gui dan khdi kien. Theo do, ngoai phuong thdc nop true tiep tai Tda an, guri dan den Tda an theo dudng dich vu buu chinh nhu trudc day, thi ngudi khang cao cd the giri don khang cao va cac tai lieu, chung cu ma minh co din Toa an cap so tham bang phuong thuc gui true tuyen qua Cdng thdng tin dien tu cua Tda an (neu co). Ddng thdi, cdn co hudng dan ve thu tuc gui don khang cao qua Cdng thdng tin dien td.
2. Ve thdi han khang cao
Dilu 245 BLTTDS nam 2011 chua cd quy dinh ve viec xac djnh thdi dilm bit ddu thdi ban khang cao trong trudng hop duang 47
NHA NUOC VA PHAPLUATSO 6/2016
sy CO mat tai phien toa. nhung trong qua trinh dien ra phien toa, duong sy co su buc xiic vdi Hpi d6ng xet xu nen da b6 ve khi H6i ddng xet xu chua nghj an; cac trudng hop ducmg su vang mat khi Hpi ddng xet xu tuyen an ma khong co ly do chinh dang, hoac vi nhung ly do chinh dang ma duong su kh6ng the tiep tuc tham gia phien toa nhu 6m nang phai di benh vien cap cuu... Nhiing trudng hpp nay thi thdi han khang cao tinh tir ngay tuyen an (duong su co mat phien toa) hay tinh tu ngay nhan dupe ban an hoac ban an dupe niem yet (ducmg su kh6ng co mat phien Ida)? Hoac trudng hpp sau khi ra quyet djnh so tham, T6a an cap so tham co the gui quyet dinh so tham cho duong su hoac niem yet quyet djnh tai tru sd Toa an, Uy ban nhan dan, BLTTDS nam 2011 quy djnh thai han khang cao d6i voi quyet dinh iinh tu ngay ngudi co quyen khang cao nhan dupe quyet dinh la chua day dii. Khac phuc thilu s6t nay, Dilu 273 BLTTDS nam 2015 dii b6 sung cac trudng hap xac djnh thdi han khang cao Cu the. ddi \ 6 i duang su, dai dien eo quan, to chiic hoac ca nhan khdi kien kh6ng co mat khi tuyen an ma co ly do chinh dang thi thai han khang cao dupe tinh ur ngay hp nhan duoc ban an hoac ban an dupe niem yet; trudng hpp duang su, dai dien ca quan, to chuc hoac ca nhan khoi kien da tham gia phien toa nhung vang mat khi Toa an tuyen an ma kh6ng eo ly do clii'nh dang thi thdi han khang cao dupe tinh tir ngay tuyen an. Thdi han khang cao dii
\ai qu>et djnh tam dinh chi, dinh chi giai qu\et vu an cua Ida an cap so thdm la 07 ngay. ke tir ngay duang su, co quan, t l chi'rc. ca nhan khai kien nhan dupe quylt dmh hoac ke tir ngay quyei dinh diroc niem yit theo quy dinh ciia BLTTDS
Xgoai ra. BLTTDS nam 2015 con b l
sung trudng hpp ngudi khdng cdo la nguoi dang bi tam giam thi ngdy khang cdo la ngay dan khdng cdo duac giam thj trai giam xdc nhdn, nham bao dam quyen khdng cao ciia ngudi bj tam giam.
3. Ve kiem tra don khang cao Toa dn cap so tham khi nhan dupe don khang cdo phdi co trdch nhiem kiem tra tinh hop le cua dcm khang cao de gui h i so \'u dn, khang cao, khang nghj va tdi lieu, chirng cu cho Toa dn cap phuc thdm. Theo do, Toa dn cdp sa thdm kiem tra cdc dieu kien vl ngudi CO quyen khang cao, thdi han khang cao, npi dung khang cao, hinh thirc khang cao, viee nop tien tam ung an phi phiic tham. Tuy nhien, Dilu 246 BLTTDS nam 2011 chi quy dinh Toa an cap sa tham co trdch nhiem kiem tra tinh hop ie ciia don khdng cdo vd viec sua ddi. b6 sung khang cao md chua quy djnh trudng hpp tra lai don khang cdo khi viec khdng cdo khong thoa man cdc dieu kien ve npi dung va hinh thue ciia viec khang cdo. Quy djnh nay da dan den kho khan cho Toa an khi don khang cdo kh6ng dap ung day du cae yeu cau khdng cao nhung lai khdng co co sd phdp ly d l tra lai don. Khoan 4 Dilu 274 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy djnh cac can cu de Toa an tra lai don khang cdo nhu sau:
Ngudi khdng cdo khdng cd quyen khdng cdo. Day Id trudng hpp ngudi khang cdo khong thupc cae chii thi co quyen khang cao theo quy djnh tai Dilu 271 BLTTDS nam 2015 hoac ngudi khang cao kh6ng CO nang lye hanh vi t l tung dan sir.
Tuy nhien, neu npi dung dcm khang cao vupt qud pham vi khang cdo co dupe hieu la ngudi khang cao kh6ng co quyIn khang cao kh6ng? Vi du: Anh A khdi kien anh B doi 300 trieu dong tien vay no (tien goc). Ban dn sa tham tuyen buoc anh B trd cho anh A
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NHONG SUA DOI, BO SUNG. .
200 trieu ddng. Sau khi Toa dn so thdm tuyen an, anh A khdng cdo yeu cau anh B phdi tra tien lai sudt ddi vdi 200 trieu do.
Trong trudng hgp nay, anh A co bi coi la khdng CO quyen khdng cdo khdng? Hay khdng cdo cua anh A da vugt qud pham vi khang cao (anh A chi dugc khdng cdo trong pham vi cua ban dn so tham)? Trudc ddy, Nghi quylt sd 06/20I2/NQ-HDTP ngay 03/12/2012 cua Hpi d6ng Tham phdn Tda an nhan dan tdi cao hudng dan thi hanh mdt s6 quy djnh ve "Thu tuc giai quyet vu an dan sy tai Toa an cap phuc tham" cua BLTTDS da duge sua ddi, bd sung theo Luat sua ddi, b6 sung mpt sd dieu cua BLTTDS nam 2011 (sau day gpi tdt la Nghj quylt sd 06/20I2/NQ-HDTP) quy dinh Id hai trudng hop khac nhau. Thiet nghT, Toa an nhan dan tdi cao can co hudng dan cu the ve van de nay.
- Ngirdi khdng cdo khdng lam Igi dan khdng cdo hoac khdng sica ddi, bo sung dan khdng cdo theo yeu cdu ciia Tda dn. Day Id trudng hgp don khdng cao lam trong thdi han lual djnh vd la ciia ngudi co quyen khdng cdo, nhung chua diing quy dinh tai Dilu 272 cua BLTTDS nam 2015, Toa an da yeu cau ngudi khang cdo lam lai don khang cdo hoac sua ddi, b6 sung don klidng cao theo diing quy dinh nhung ngudi khdng cao kh6ng thuc hien. Vi vay, don khang cdo dugc coi la kh6ng hgp le.
- Met thai han quy dmh tgi khodn 2 Diiu 276 BLTTDS ndm 2015 md ngudi khdng cdo khdng ndp hien lai thu lien tam ting dn phi phiic thdm cho Tda dn, trie trudng hop ngudi khdng cdo dugc mien hodc khong phdi nop tien tam ung dn phi phuc thdm hodc cd ly do chinh ddng. Day la trudng hpp ngudi khdng cdo kh6ng thupc dien dirpe mien hoac kh6ng phai nop tien
tam ung dn phi phuc tham, nhung khong nop tam ung dn phi phuc tham trong thdi han phap luat quy djnh nen dugc hieu la hg da tu bd viec khdng cao va Tda an trd lai don khang cdo cho hg. Tuy nhien, neu viec khong nop tam ung dn phi phuc tham trong thdi ban phdp luat quy djnh la co ly do chinh ddng va dugc Toa an chap nhan thi Tda an vdn tiep tuc giai quyet vu an ma kh6ng trd lai don khang cdo.
Nhu vay, quy dinh tra lai dcm khdng cdo la can thiet de duong sy cd the biet dugc ly do don khdng cdo cua minh khdng dugc chdp nhan. Tuy nhien, BLTTDS nam 2015 chua quy dinh ve hinh thuc tra lai don khdng cdo, mac du Nghj quyet sd 06/2012/
NQ-HDTP da quy dinh viec trd lai don khdng cdo phdi dugc thdng bao bang van ban trong do ghi ro Ii do ciia viec tra lai dan. Hon nira, trong trudng hpp ngudi khang cao kh6ng d6ng y vdi viec trd lai don khdng cdo ciia Toa an cap so tham thi hp co quyen khieu nai khdng? Thiet nghT, neu ngudi khdi kien co quyen khieu nai viec tra lai dcm khdi kien (Dilu 194 BLTTDS nam 2015) thi ngudi khang cdo ciing dugc quyen khieu nai viec trd lai don khang cdo. Ngodi ra, viec khieu nai ndy kh6ng nhung bdo ddm quyen va Igi ich hgp phdp ciia cac duong sy ma con buoc nhirng ngudi lien hanh td tung phai cd trach nhiem vdi viee tra lai dcm kliang cdo, chi duge tra lai khi co co sd phdp li. Do do, Toa an nhan dan toi cao cdn hudng dan cu the ve hinh thuc trd lai don khang cdo; ve khieu nai, kien nghi va giai quyet khieu nai, kien nghj viec tra lai don khdng cdo.
4. Ve khang cao q u a han va xem xet khang cao qua han
Ve nguyen tac, viec khdng cao phdi dupe thuc hien trong thdi gian ludt dinh, neu qud han thi khdng cao bj coi Id kh6ng
NHA NU'tjfC VA PHAPLUATSd 6/2016 hop Id va khdng dugc chdp nhan. Tuy nhien, Tda an ciing cd the chap nhan khang cao qua han ndu cd ly do chinh dang de dam bdo quydn td tung cua cac duong su.
BLTTDS nam 2011 chua quy dinh cu thd cdch thdc lam viec cua Hdi ddng xet xd khi tiln hanh xem xet don khang cdo qua han. Vi vay, de tranh sy tuy tien trong ap dung cung nhu khd nang khac phuc nhanh nhat nhimg sai 1dm cd thd xay ra, ddng thdi dam bao tinh chinh xac, diing phap luat ddi vdi viec xet khdng cdo qua han, Dieu 275 BLTTDS nam 2015 da bd sung quy dinh ve viec phien hpp xet khang cao qud han phai c6 sy tham gia cua ngudi khang cao dd hp chung minh ly do khang cao qua ban va sy giam sat cua Vien kiem sdt, ddng thdi viec ra quyet dinh chdp nhdn khang cao qud han hay khdng phai tren co sd chd dp tap thd va quydt dinh theo da s6. Theo do, trong thdi ban 10 ngay, ke tu ngay nhan dugc don khang cdo qud han va tai lieu, chung cu kem theo, Toa an cap phiic thdm thanh lap Hdi ddng gdm ba Thdm phan dl xem xet. Phien hpp xem xet khang cdo qua han phdi co su tham gia cua dai dien Vien kiem sat cimg cdp vd ngudi khdng cao. Trudng hgp ngudi khdng cao, Kiem sat vien vdng mat thi Tda dn vdn tien hanh phien hpp. Can cu vdo tdi lieu, chimg cu CO lien quan den vide khdng cao qud han, y kien ciia ngudi khdng cao qud ban, dai dien Vien kiem sat tai phien hpp, Hdi ddng xet khang cao qua han quylt djnh theo da sd ve viec chap nhdn hoac khdng chdp nhdn viec khang cdo qud han vd phdi ghi rd ly do ciia viec chdp nhdn hoac khdng chdp nhdn trong quyet djnh. Tda dn cdp phiic thdm phai gui quylt djnh cho ngudi khang cdo qua han, Toa dn cap so thdm va Vien kilm sat cung cap.
5. Ve thdng bao nop tien tam ling an
phi phuc tham
Vd nguyen tic, vide ndp tam ung ^ phi phiic thim phai trong thdi han nhdt dinh, ndu qua thdi han do ngudi khang cao khdng nop vd khdng xuat trinh bien lai n$p ti^n cho Tda an thi bi coi la td bd khang cdo.
Tuy nhien, neu chdng minh dugc ly do chinh dang ma trong thdi han phap lugt quy dinh ngudi khang cao khdng nop bien lai npp tien tam ling an phi cho Tda an thi dS dam bao quyen khdng cdo cua ngudi khang cao, Tda dn van cd the chap nhdn vide nOp bidn lai nop tidn tam ung an phi phuc thdm qua thdi han. BLTTDS nam 2015 tidp tuc kit thda quy dinh cda BLTTDS nam 2011 ve thdng bao nop tidn tam ung an phi phiic thdm. Tuy nhidn, khoan 2 Dilu 276 BLTTDS nam 2015 bd sung quy dinh ve thdi ban de ngudi khang cao trinh bay cdc ly do viec cham nop bien lai thu tiln tam ung an phi phuc thdm cung nhu trinh ty, thu tuc xem xet viec cham nop bien lai thu tiln tam ung an phi phiic tham. Viec bd sung nay dam bdo quydn khang cdo cua ngudi khdng cao ciing nhu Tda an cdp phuc th§m cd ca sd phap ly de xem xet ly do viec cham nop bien lai thu tien tam dng an phi phiic thdm. Do la, trudng hap sau khi hit thoi hgn 10 ngdy, ke tic ngdy nhdn dugc thong bdo ciia Tda dn ve viec nop tien tgm ung an phi phuc thdm, nguai khdng cdo mdi npp cho Toa dn bien lai thu tiin tgm ung dn phi phuc thdm md khong neu ro ly do thi Toa dn cdp sa thdm yeu cdu ngudi khdng cdo trong thai hgn 03 ngdy Idm viec, ki tic ngdy nhgn du^c yeu cdu cua Toa dn phdi cd vdn ban trinh bay ly do cham nop bien lai thu tiin tgm ung dn phi phdc thdm cho Tda dn cdp sa thdm de dua vdo hd sa vu dn. Truang hap ndy dugc xir ly theo thu tuc xem xel khdng cdo qud hgn.
6. Ve thdng bao vi|c khang c^o 50
NHttNGS&ABOI, BdSUNG...
Sau khi Tda an cap so tfalzn kiem tia tinh hpp le cua 6oa khang cao va thly ring, dan khang cao da dap ung ddy du cac £du kien ve npi dimg va hinh thdc viec khai^
cao flii Tda an c ^ so thIm cd trach nhiem thdng bao cho duong su cd lien quan ddn khang cao biet ve v i ^ khang cao dd hp chuan bi tham gia td timg t ^ Tda an c ^ phik thduL Khi cac duong su nhan ^ g c thdng bao ve vide khang cao thi cd quydn giifi van ban ndu y kien ciia minh vk n^i dung khai^ cao cho Tda an cap phuc thdm de bao v$ quyhn va lpi ich hpp phap cua minh. Ngoai ra, Tda an cap sa thdm ciing co trach nhiem &dng bao vide ban an, quydt dph sa thdm bi khang cao cho Vi$n kidm sat de Vif n kidm sat thuc hidn chfiK n3ng kiem sat vide tuan theo phap lu|it thdng qua vide nghien cdu hd sa, tham gia phien tda phuc thdm. Khoan 1 ESdu 277 BLTTDS nam 2015 bd sung quy dinh gdi kem theo thdng bao vd vide khang cao la bdn sao dan khdng cdo, tdi li?u, chung cii bo sung md ngudi kMng cdo gici kem dan khdng cdo.
Viec bd sung quy dinh nay nhSm dam bao cho cac ben duong su dugc biet tdt ca tai lieu, chimg cd cua nhau de thuc hien viec tranh tung tai Tda an cap phdc tham.
7. v l thdi han kh^ng nghi BLTTDS nam 2015 tidp tuc khdng quy dinh vd khang nghi qua han cua Vien kiem sat, bdi "jcudif phdt tic chUc ndng nhiem vu cua Viin Idem sdt trong cong tdc Idem sdt viec xet xu cua Toa dn Id thay mat Nhd nude gidm sdt true tiep viec xet xu cua Toa an nen khong the vi^n ddn li do khdch quan hay chu quan de khdng nghi qud hgn duac"^. Hon nua, Vien trudng Vidn kidm sat ' Xem: Dinh VSn Que (1998), Tha luc phuc thdm trong Ludl To lung hinh str Viet Nam. Nxb. Chinh tri qu6c gia, Ha Noi, tr. 45.
la nhung i^udi co tlilm quydn, cd trinh dp chuyen mon va kidn thdc phap li cao ndn hp phai bidt va c6 du dieu kien de thyc hien viec khang nghi trong thdi han phap ludt qity dinh. Do do, v i ^ Idbidi^ quy dinh khang n ^ i qua han cua Vien Idem sat se dam bao hieu qua cua cong tac xet xd cung nhu dam bao tinh 5n dinh cua cac ban dn, quydt dinh da CO hieu lire phap lulit. Tuy nhidn, tren thuc td ndu V i ^ kidm s^ khang n ^ khi <^
qua thdi han thi Tda an cap sa thIm giai quydt nhu thd nao? C h ^ nli^n hay tra Igi quylt dinh khang nghi? BLTTDS nam 2011 khdng cd quy dinh c\i the dan den khd khan cho Tda an d p sa thdm trong trudng hgp Vien Mdm sat khang nghi qud thdi han ma phap luat quy dinh. Khic phuc didu nay, khoan 3 Didu 280 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy djnh: khi Tda an nhgn duac qttyit djnh khdng nghj cm Vien kiem sdt md quyet dinh khdng nghi do dd qud thdi hgn thi Toa dn cdp sa thdm yeu cdu Vi$n kiem sdt gidi thich bdng vdn bdn vd neu ro ly do. Tuy nhien, quy dinh nay van chua giai quydt dugc trudng hgp ndu kliang nghi qud ban cua Vidn kidm sat ma khdng cd ly do thi Tda an cap sa thdm cd tra lai quyet ^nh khang nghi khdng? Thidt nghT, Tda an nhan dan tdi cao can cd hudng dan cu thd vd vdn dd nay.
8. Ve hau qua cua vi^c kfa^ng cao, khang nghi
Vd ca ban, Didu 282 BLTTDS ndm 2015 gid nguydn quy dinh vd hau qua cua viec khang cao, khang nghi phdc thdm cua BLTTDS nam 2011. Tuy nhien, BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh cu thd hon vd cac loai ban an, quydt dinh so thdm chua cd hipu luc phdp luat klii bi khang cao, khang nghi phdc tham. Theo dd, viec khdng cdo, khang nghi theo thu tuc phuc tham ddn su dan ddn heiu qua la bdn dn sa thdm, quyit dinh cua Tda
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NHA NV&C VA PHAPLUATSO 6/2016 dn cdp sa thdm hoac phdn ban an so thdm, quydt djnh sa thdm bi khang cdo, khdng nghj chtra cd hieu luc thi hdnh, trd trudng hgp phap ludt quy dinh cho thi hanh ngay.
Didu nay co nghia, khi co khang cdo, khang nghj ddi vdi ban an, quyet dinh h o ^ p h ^ bdn dn, quyet dinh so thdm thi bdn dn, quylt dinh h o ^ phdn ban an, quyet dinh so thIm dd chua c6 hieu luc phap liidt va chua dugc dua ra thi hanh. Tuy nhidn, cd nhOng bdn dn, quylt dinh so tham mdc dd chua cd hi?u luc phdp ludt vd cd tfad hi khang cao, khang nghi nhimg phap luat quy djnh ban dn, quyet £nh hoac phdn ban an, quylt djnh sa thdm do vIn dugc dua ra thi hdnh. Dd la ban dn, quyet dinh ve cdp dudng, tra cdng lao ddng, n h ^ ngudi lao ddng trd 1^ Idm vi$c, trd Iuong, trg cdp thdi viec, trg cdp mdt sdc lao ddng, trg cdp mdt viec lam, bdo hiem xa hpi, bao hilm thdt nghi$p, bdo hilm y tl hoac bdi thudng thidt hai vl tinh mang, sue khoe, ton that tinh thdn cda cdng ddn;
quylt dinh vl tinh hgp phap cua cuOc dinh cdng (khoan 2 Didu 482 BLTTDS ndm 2015). Viec dua nhung ban an, quylt djnh so tham ndy ra thi hanh ngay la dd dap dng kip thdi nhu cdu cdp bdch cua ducmg sy, tao dieu ki$n cho duong su va nhung ngudi thdn ciia duong sy sdm dn dinh cupc sdng.
9. Ve gui ho sff vu an va khang cao, khdng nghi
Ve nguyen tac, toan bd hd so vu dn, dan khdng cdo, quyet dinh khdng nghj vd tai lipu, chdng cd bd sung dugc luu giu tai Tda dn cdp so thdm ndn Tda dn cdp so thdm c6 trdch nhi?m gdi cho Tda dn cdp phuc thdm.
Tuy nhien, de ddm bao vy dn dugc gidi quylt nhanh chdng thi Toa dn cdp sa tham gui hi so vu dn len Tda dn cdp phiic thdm trong thdi ban nhdt dinh. Dilu 255 BLTTDS nam 2011 quy dinh thdi didm bdt 52
dau xdc djnh thdi han gui hd sa chua iS rang, ddn Aka nhilu cdch hilu khdc nhau.
Dilu 283 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy djnh i«
thdi dienl, bat ddu tinh thdi han gdi hd so vp an dan su Idn Tda dn cdp phdc thdm duoc xdc dinh trong hai trudng hgp:
- Hit thdi ban khang nghj;
- Hit thdi han khdng cdo, ngudi kh^g cdo dd ngp cho Tda an cdp sa thdni bien lai thu tien tam dng an phi phiic tham.
10. Thay dSi, bo sung, rut khang cio, khdng nghi
Dilu 256 BLTTDS nam 2011 quy dinh vide thay ddi, bd sung khdng cdo, khang nghj khdng dugc vugt qua pham vi khang cdo, khang nghi ban ddu, niu thdi han khang cdo, khang n ^ da hit. Quy dinh nay nhdm tdn trpng quydn tu djnh do^it ciia duong su ciing nhu "Mn trgng quan diim cua Vien kiem sdt vd cua ngicdi ky khdng nghi trong truang hgp hg muSn thay ddi, hi sung khdng nghf'^; ddng thdi, tao dieu ki?n cho cdc duong su chudn bi td chdc vi$c bi^n h0 sau Idii biet ro thuc trang nhiing nOi dung khdng cao, khdng nghi, qua dd cd thi bao v|
quyIn va Igi ich hgp phdp cua minh. Tuy nhien, niu trong thdi han khdng c ^ , khdng nghi, vide thay ddi, bd sung khang cao, khdng nghj cd bi gidi han bdi ph^m vi khdng cao, khang nghj ban ddu khdng?
BLTTDS ndm 2011 chua cd quy dinh cp th^
din din ngudi khdng cdo, Vien kilm sit khdng cd ca sd phdp ly dh thay ddi, bl sung khdng cdo, khdng nghi ciing nhu Tda dn khiS' khdn trong viec xem xet thay ddi, bd sung khang cdo, khdng nghi. Khdc phuc dieu n^y, Xem: Vu Thj Hang VSn, Mqt so van di vi qiiy^n khdng nghj phuc thdm cua Vi?n kidm sdt nhdn d&n trong 36 ludt To tung Ddn su. Tap chf Ki^m sdt, M 11/2005, tr. 17.
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NHUNG SCA DOI, BO SUNG..
khoan I Dilu 284 BLTTDS nam 2015 quy dinh: ^'Truang hap chua hit thdi hgn khdng cdo theo guy dinh tgi Biiu 273 BLTTDS thi ngudi dd khdng cdo co quyen thay ddi, bd sung khdng cdo md khdng bi gidi hgn bai phgm vi khdng cdo ban ddu. Trudng hgp chua het thai hgn khdng nghi theo quy dinh tai Diiu 280 BLTTDS thi Vien kiim sdt dd khdng nghi cd quyen thay ddi, bo sung khdng nghi md khdng bi gidi hgn bdi phgm vi khdng nghi ban ddu ". Dieu nay vua dam bdo quyen khdng cdo, khdng nghi eua ngudi khdng cao, Vien kiem sat, ddng thdi cung khong anh hudng den quyen bao ve ciia cdc duong sy khac trudc Toa an. Bdi Ie, viec th6ng bao thay d6i, bd sung khdng cao, khang nghi dugc thuc hien klii het thdi han khdng cdo, khang nghi nen cdc duong su van CO dieu kien de chuan bj tai lieu, chung cu, can cu phdp li, Ii Ie va lap luan de phan bdc lai cac npi dung khdng cao, khdng nghi. Nhu
\a\'. trong thdi han khang cao, khang nghi, viec thay ddi. bo sung kliang cao, khang nghj c6 the \'ugt qud pham vi khang cao. khang nghi ban dau nhung viec thay ddi, b6 sung do phai trong pham vi ban an so tham.
Vi dy: Ban dn sa tham quyet djnh cho anh .A va chi B ly h6n. giai quyet van de tai san, nu6i con. Chj B khang cao ve van de tai san. Trong thdi han khang cao. ehi B b6 sung khang cao yeu cau Toa an cap phiic tham giai quyet lai van de nu6i con. Trong tmdng hop nay, mac dii bd sung khang cao ciia chi B \ e giai quyet nudi eon la \'ugt qua pham vi khang cdo ban dau, nhung van de nu6i con da dugc giai quyet d so tham nen viec b6 sung khang cao ciia chj B dupe chap nlian.
Doi \ d i trudng hgp thay d6i, b6 sung khang cao. khang nghj khi da het thai han khang cao. kliang nghi; hinh thuc, thii tuc tha\' d6i. bo sung khang cao. khang nghi van
dugc tilp tuc ghi nhan trong BLTTDS nam 2015. Tuy nhien, quy dinh thay doi, b6 sung khdng cdo, khdng nghi phiic thdm kh6ng dugc vupt qud pham vi khdng cdo, khdng nghj ban ddu neu thdi han khdng cdo, khdng nghi da hit dugc hieu nhu the nao? Trudc day, Nghi quylt s6 06/2012/NQ-HDTP co hudng dan pham vi khdng cdo, khang nghi ban dau la pham vi khdng cdo, khdng nghi da giri cho Toa an trong thdi han khang cdo, khang nghi, nhung vdn chua co gidi thich cu the the ndo Id "vwoT qua'' pham vi khdng cdo, khdng nghi da gui cho toa dn. Nhu vay, khdng vugt qud pham vi khdng cdo, khang nghi ban dau dugc hieu la khdng vugt ra ngoai cae ngi dung cu the va trong mdi npi dung cu the kh6ng \argt qud muc dp, quy m6 da dupe dat ra ban dau ciia yeu cau khdng cao, khang nghi? Thiet nghT, de ap dung th6ng nhat quy djnh nay co quan nha nude CO tham quyen can phai co hudng dan cy the.
Ngoai ra, khoan 3 Dilu 284 BLTTDS nam 2015 con b6 sung quy dinh ve tham quyen ra quyet djnh khi ducmg su nit khdng cdo, Vien kiem sat riit khdng nghi nham tao ca sd phap ly de T6a an ra quyet djnh dinh chi xet xu phuc tham. Theo do, viec dinh chi xet xic phuc thdm Iricdc khi md phien tda do Thdm phdn chii toa phien tda quyet dinh, tgi phien tda do Hgi ddng xet xic quyet dinh.
Hem niia, khi eo viec thay d6i, bd sung, nit khang cao, khang nghi tlii Toa an cap phiic tham khdng chi co trdch nhiem th6ng bao cho cac duong su ve viec thay d6i, b6 sung, nit khang cdo, khang nghj ma con co trach nhiem thong bao cho Vien kiem sat ciing cap \ e viec thay ddi, bo sung, rut khang cao, kliang nghj de Vien kiem sat thyc hien chuc nang kiem sat viec thay doi, b6 sung, rut khang cao. khang nghj.
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