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B6 luat To tung hinh sti cung CO nhCttig sai sot can xem xet lai
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dng 30/6, Van phdng Chu tich nudc thdng bdo Lenh cfla Chu tich nudc ve viec cdng bd Nghi quyet cua Quoc hdi lui Mau lyc tM hanh cfla Bg Mat Hmh sy nam 2015, Bg ludt Td tung hmh su (BLTTHS) nam 2015, Ludt Thi hanh tam gifl, tam giam va Ludt Td chflc co quan diau tta hinh su. Tai cudc hgp bao, Phd Vien tmdng Vien kilm sat nhdn dan tdi cao (ca quan soan thdo BLTTHS) vd Phd chfl nMem Uy ban Tu phdp cua Qudc hpi khdng dinh, BLTTHS 2015 khdng cd gi sai, nhung do Bp Mat Hinh sy phdi Ifli ngay cd Meu lyc phdp Mat nen BLTTHS 2015 cimg phdi Mi theo.Tuy nhian, nghien cflu ky thi thdy BLTTHS cimg cd nhilu dilm sai sdt. N I U khdng dugc sfla ddi, b l sung tin kM thi hanh s6 rdt khd, tham cM khdng tM hdnh dugc.
v l dien lu^t giai thich tfl ngfl-
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Phdi cong nhdn rang, day Id Idn ddu tien BLTTHS cd mot dilu Mat giai thich tfl ngu nhung ndi dung cua viae giai thich lai chua ddy dti, cy thl nhu sau:
Theo dilm e khodn 1 Dieu 4 thi Ngu&i thdn thich cita ngu&i tham gia td tung, ngu&i co thdm quyen tiin hdnh td ning Id ngudi cd quan ha vdi ngudi tham gia td tyng, ngudi ed thdm quyln liln hanh td tyng gdm vg, chdng, bd da, me de, b l chdng, me chdng, bd vg, me va, bd nudi, me nudi, con de, eon
Cac Dai bilu Quoc hgi kn nut thong qua luat Anh minh hoa nudi; ong ndi, ba ndi, dng ngoai,
ba ngoai, anh mot, chi mdt, em mdt; cy ngi, cu ngoai, bde mot, chu mdt, cdu mpt, cd mpt, di mot, chdu mpt. Vdy cdn nhiing ngudi khac cd quan he than thich vdi ngudi tham gia td Mng,^ ngudi cd tham quydn tiln hanh td tung nhu: bd dugng, me kl, anh em cgc cheo,.. cd phdi Id ngudi than thich cua n ^ d i tham gia td tung, ngudi cd thdm quyen tiln hdnh td Mng khdng? Rieng ddi vdi chdu mdt thi lai phai giai thich thl nao la chau mdt. Vi du: A la chdu ggi B la chu mdt nhung Iai khdng phdi la ngudi thdn thich vdi v g c u a B (thim).,.
Theo dilm o khoan 1 Dieu 4 thl vi phgm nghiem trgng thit tuc to tung la viec co quan, ngudi GO thdm quyan tien hdnh td tung
trong qud ttinh khdi td, dieu tra, truy t l , xet xfl khdng thyc Men hoac thyc hien khdng diing, khdng ddy du cac trinh ty, thu tuc do Bd Mat nay quy dinh vd da xdm hai nghiem ttgng din quyan, Iai ich hop phdp cua ngudi tham gia td tung hoac lam dnh hudng dan viec xdc dinh sy that khdch quan, toan dien cua vu an; nhung the ndo Id xdm hgi nghiem trong den quyan, Igi ich hgp phdp cua ngudi tham gia t l hmg thi lai khdng dugc gidi thich, ma viec gidi thich nay Id rdt cdn thilt, Chang nhe Iai phdi hiau:
"W pham nghiem trong thu tuc td tung" Id "da xdm hai nghiem trgng" sao!
Ve nguyen tac cff ban Theo Diau 14 thi "khdng ai bi
L U A T SUVIET NAM I SO 71 T H A N G 7-2016
kit dn hai ldn vi mgt tgi pham " Ve ngi dung cua nguyentdc ndy kbdng CO gi sai, nhung vl tan ggi cua nguyan tdc nay lai khdng phfl^ hgp vdl dilu van cfla dilu luat. The nao Id mdt tgi pham? Vi dy: Tdi trgm cdp tdi sdn Id mdt tdi pham. Mgt ngudi ttdm cdp hal Ian, bi_ dua ra tmy td xet xfl hai vu an, thl cd ggi Id bi kit an hai lan ve tgi ttpm cdp khdng? Ci day cd sy nhdm Idn giua hai tiiudt ngu: tdi pham va cd tdi.
v l ly Man, theo Dilu 8 Bg Mat Hinh sy (khdi niem tdi pham) thi tdi pham la danh M, edn "cd tdi"
Id tinh'tir. Nay BLTTHS nau tiianh nguyen tdc "Khong dugc khdi td, dilu tra, ttuy td, xet xu ddi vdi ngudi md hanh vi eua hp da cd ban dn cua tda dn da cd hieu lyc phap ludt, ttu ttudng^ hgp hg thyc Men banh vi nguy Mem khac cho xa hdi ma Bp Mat Hmh su quy dinh la tdi pham" Id xudt phat tfl nguyan tdc:
\ "khdng ai hi truy cuu trdch nhiem f hinh su hai ldn ve mgt hdnh vi pham tgi". NIU BLTTHS coi day Id nguyen tdc thi nen quy dinh:
"khdng ai bi truy cuu trdch nhiem hinh su hai ldn vi mot hdnh vi phgm tdi" se phu hgp vdi ngi dung cua dilu Mat hon. Cdn quy dinh:
'"khdng ai bi ket dn hai ldn vi mot toi phgm" hay ''khdng ai hi kit dn hai lan vi mot hdnh vi phgm toi"
diu khdng cbinh xac, vi npi dung cua nguyen tdc nay neu khong chi cd kit an ma cdn quy dinh khdng dugc "kh&i to, dieu tra, truy td ".
BLTTHS khdng quy dinh
"nguyen tdc hda gidi trong td tung hinh su" nhung khodn 3 Diau 29 Bg Mat Hinh sy lai quy dinh "Ngudi thyc hien tdi pham it nghiam ttpng hoac tpi pham nghiem trgng do vd y gdy thiet hai ve tinh mang, sflc khde, danh dy, nhan pham hoac tai san cua ngudi khde va dugc ngudi bi hai hoac ngudi dai dien cua ngu&i bi hgi tu nguyin hda gidi vd de nghi mien trdch nhiem hinh su, thl cd the dugc mian ttach nhiem
Mnh sy" Vdy cd nen quy dinh can nhd do Id ngucri nguyen tdc ndy ttong BLTTHS cd mgt vudn cdy an q i M ^ : kbdng? Nhilu y kiln cho rdng qualdbihgi, cdn chia'sfi^f BLTTHS nan quy dinh nguyan tdc cdy dd mdi Id ngudi h j l ^ hda gidi trong hinh sy, nhdt la ddi ludt cu quy dinh '^gircnj vdi nhflng vu dn duge khdi td theo md khdng quy dinh "bi hai' yeu cdu eua ngudi bi hai.
Ve ngirol tien hanh t6 tung, ngirdi tham gia t6 tung
BLTTHS 2015 vdn quy dinh thu trudng, phd tiiu tmdng ca quan dilu tta; vien tmdng, pho vien tmdng vien kiem sdt; chdnh an, phd chanh dn tda an la ngudi tien hdnh td ttmg. Trong khi dd, Dilu 49 vdn quy dinh cdc tmong hgp phai tfl choi hoac thay ddi ngudi cd thdm quyln tiln hanh td tting, trong dd Ididng loai ttfl thfl trudng, phd tiiu tmdng ca quan dieu tra;
vien trudng, pho vien tmdng vien kilm sat; chanh dn, phd chdnh an tda an.
Nhftng ngudi tren khi boat dpng to tung ho nhdn danh ca quan tiln hanh td ttin§. Vdy khi nhan danh co quan tien hanh td tung ho cd bi thay khong? Thyc tl tM khdng thl thay dugc vi hp Id ngudi dai dien cho co quan tian hdnh td tung. Vi dy: dng A Id chdnh an tda an huyen B ky lenh bdt tam giam C Id bi cao dl chd xet xu, nhung ngudi bi hai Iai Id em mot cua dng A. Trudng hpp nay cd phdi thay ddi dng A khdng?
bilt lu^t cfl chinh xac ^ y lii chinh xdc hem nhui^ tia t till khdng tiidy cd tfl "bi l chang nhd lam li^t d o ^ t hai" Id muon bao glm ca co^
td chflc hi thiet hai vB tai san, n do tdi pham gay ra ma tmac dd^
chi dugc xdc dinh la nguyen &
ddn sy! Viec quy dinh "co qiK td chflc hi thiet hai vl tai ^ d tM do tdi pham gdy ra" la hi M^
ciing cdn phdi xem Iai, vi neu ho cd y vdng mat khdng vi Iy do bdt khd khang hoac khdn^ do ttu ng^
khach quan thi cd the bi ddn giai N I U la ngudi hi hai nhu tmoc dly thi ddn giai dugc, nhung neu la co quan, td chflc thi ddn giai the ndo''
Tai sao hi hai tM bi ^ gm, cdn nguyen don ddn su, hi don dki su, ngudi cd quyen Igi, ngjiia vu lien quan din vy dn, nguoi chm^
kiln va mpt s6 ngudi khac lat khdng bi din gidi? Quy dmh nhix vdy lieu cd cdng bang?
Ve ngu-M bao chfla BLTTHS 2015 bo sung theiR
"Trg giup vien phdp ly" ttong) trudng hgp ngudi bi bupc toithi^f } ddi Mgng dugc ttg giup phap \§^
Vay ttg giflp vien phdp Iy Id ai, duge Ddi vdl ngudi tham gia td ttmg, ^^y ^[^ ^ ^ u ? Le ra BLTTHS^
BLTTHS 2015 khdng ndi ngudi nen quy dinh ttg giflp vien phap-1|
bi hai nhu BLTTHS 2003 md quy i^ ngudi dirge quy dinh tai Dilu 2;!;, dinh "bi hai". Vl Iy Man vd thuc l^^^^^ j^g gj^p phap ly nam 2 0 ^ tiln, CO nhilu trudng hgp bi hai vd *u] 'eg rd rdne ban! Trong khi M-,, trudng hgp ngudi hi hai Id mot nhu gilt ngudi,
CO y gdy thuang tich... nhung cd nhiau tmdng hgp hi hai chi Id ddi hrgng tac dpng, cdn chu sd hiiu mdi Id ngudi M hai, Vi dy: hiiy hoai dan gia sue.,. thi bi hai la dan gia sue, cdn chu sd hini mdi la ngudi bi hai;
ddt chay mot can nha thi can nhd bi chay la bi hai, con chu sd hiJu
till se rd rang ban! Trong li lai cd dinh nghia dli vdi "bao ch^-'i vidn nhdn ddn" nhung chua qu|
dinh ro ily ban Mat tran To qu^; '•
Viat Nam cap nao dugc cfl va hinhi^
thflc cfl ra sao. j Ddi vdi ngudi dai dien, ^^'^
khdng la ngudi bdo chfla cho bj c a | | bi cao tin hp tiiam gia to tung v c d «
LUAT SU VIET NAM I SO 71 THANG 7-2016
cdch gi, quyan vd ngMa vu cua hp ra sao cung khong dugc BLTTHS quy dinh. Thyc tien xet xfl hau nhu cdc tda dn deu xdc dinh ngudi dai dien la ngudi "gidm hp" cho hi can, hi cao nhung BLTTHS khdng co khai mem "ngudi giam hg".
V^ xet xfl
Dilu 29 BLTTHS 2015 vdn quy dinh: "Tieng ndi vd chU viet ditng trong to tung hinh su Id tieng Viet.
Ngu&i tham gia to tung cd quyin diing tieng ndi vd chii viet ciia ddn tgc minh...". Trudng hgp hi cao, ngudi bi hai, duong su, ngudi ldm chung khdng biet tieng Viet, Id ngudi cam, ngudi diae thi phai cd ngudi pMan dich. Vdy tilng Viet la tieng gi? Tra tu diln khdng thdy cd tfl ndy. 0 Viet Nam cd 54 ddn tgc anh em, mac dfl ndi tiang rat khde nhau nhung dau la tieng Viet.
Trong tmdng hpp ngudi tham gia td tung ndi tilng Viet Id tieng cua ngudi ddn tdc tMeu sd, khdng phdi la tilng Viet phd thong ma ngudi tiln hdnh td ttmg vd nhiing ngudi tham gia td tung khde khdng hilu thi cd phai pMen dich khdng?
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 296 BLTTHS, till khi xet thdy cdn thilt, hgi ddng xet xfl cd thl trieu tdp dilu tra vian, ngudi cd tham quyan tiln hanh td tung da thy Iy, giai quylt vu an va nhung ngudi khac din pMen tda de trinh bay cdc van
dk lian quan din vy dn. Vay tda an trieu tdp hp ra phien tda ydi M cdch gi, la n^udi tham gia td tung hay ngudi tian hanh td tyng? Nau nhflng ngudi nay cd tinh khdng den thi ed bi dp gidi khdng, chua thay quy dinh.
va chuyan vu an cho vien kiam sdt tmy td lai, nau vien kiam sat khdng dong y thi phdi trd Idi cho tda dn biat. Nau tda dn khdng ddng y vdi vien kiem sdt thi giai quyet theo quy dinh ve tranh chdp thdm quyln xet xfl, Tuy nhian, neu vien kiam sdt khdng ddng y thi viec giai quyet tianh chdp theo Dieu 275, ma diau Mdt nay chi giao cho chanh an quylt dinh, chfl khdng nau ttach nMem cua vien kilm sat phdi chdp hdnh y kian cua chanh an.
Ve gidi ban cua viec xet xfl, cd quy dinh: Sau Mu tid hd sa vu an rad VKS khdng ddng y tpi danh nang hon tiii tda dn cd quyan xet xfl tdi danh nang ban. Neu tgi danh ndng ban dd lai thude tham quyln xet xfl cfla tda dn cap tten hoac thupc tmdng hpp phai bat budc cd Mat su, hdi ddng xet xfl 5 ngudi tM sao, glai quylt the ndo chua thdy cd quy dinh.
Khodn 1 Dilu 307 BLTTHS 2015 quy dinh chu tga phien tda dilu hanh viec hdi, quyet dinh ngudi hdi trudc, hdi sau theo thu ty hgp ly, nhung khodn 2 Diau 307 lai quy dinh khi xet hdi timg ngudi.
chfl tga phian tda hdi trudc sau dd quyet dinh da tham phan, hdi thdm, kiem sdt vian, ngudi bdo chfla, ngudi bdo ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap ctia duong sy thyc hian vigc hdi. Nhu vdy, quy dinh gifla khodn 1 vdi khodn 2 da cd mdu thudn?
v l ttanh Man tai phien tda, khodn 2 Dilu 322 quy dinh "Kilm sdt vian phdi dua ra chung cfl, tai lieu va lap Man da ddi dap dan cflng timg y kiln cua bi cdo, ngudi bdo chfla, ngudi tham gia td tung khac tai phian tda. Vdy can cu nao dl xdc dinh la da ddi dap din cung?
Ve quyan khang cdo, BLTTHS 2015 vdn quy dinh bi cao, M h^i, ngudi dai dien cua hp cd quyen khang cdo bdn an hoac quyat dinh so thdm (khoan 1 Dilu 331) chu khdng quy dinh khang cdo toan bd ban dn, quydt dinh so thdm, Vay ngudi hi hai cd quyen khdng cdo todn bd ban an, quyat dinh so | thdm khdng? Trong khi dd Dieu 62 quy dinh ngudi bi hai chi cd quydn khang cdo chu khdng quy dinh khang cdo toan bd ban an.
v l kbdng nghi, BLTTHS 2015 vdn quy dinh nhu BLTTHS 2003.
Vdy trudng hop vien kiam sat khang nghi qua thdi ban thi gidi quylt thl nao? Tda an cap phuc thdm cd phdi md phien tda khdng hay tta lai quylt dinh khdng nghi cho vien kiem sat ? •
Dot 1/2016:247 tiu sinh dat M qua kiem tra tdp sU hanh ngh^ luat svf
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fl ngay 13-15/5/2016, Lian dodn Luat su Viet Nam (LDLSVN) da td chuc ky kilm tra kit qua tap sy hanh nghe ludt su dgt 1 nam 2016 tai hai khu vuc phia Bde vd phia Nam. Thdng bdo cua Hdi ddng Kidm tra cho bilt: tdng s6 thi sinh tham giaKy kilm tra kit qua tdp sy hanh nghe ludt su tai khu vyc phia Bac cd 170 thi sinh; trong do cd 121 thi sinh dat kit qud, 31 thi sinh khdng dat kit qud, 18 thi sinh xin hoan thi. Tai khu vyc phia Nam, cd 246 thi smh tham gia; trong do cd 126 thi sinh dat ket qud va
120 thi sinh khdng dat kit qua.
LDLSVN se gfli danh sach cac thi smh dat ket qua cho Sd Tu phdp da nghi cdp ehflng chi hanh nghi Mat su; cdc thi sinh khdng dat kit qud cd the tham gia d cac ky kilm tra tilp theo do LDLSVN
td ehflc • DV
LUAT SUVIET NAM I s d 71 T H A N G 7-2016