KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Buac DAU PHAT HIEM IVIOT DLJC THAM BAY HAI BACH D A I M U R d Q PHU THO VA BAC GIAIVG
Tran Xuan HimgS Nguyin Minh Chi^ Dao Ngoc QuangS Pham Quang TTiu^
TOMTAT
Bach dan la mot trong nhiing nhom loai cay tr6ng rung chinh voi tong dien tich khoang 350.000 ha va dirge trong tren nhifeu vung sinh thai chinh b Viet Nam. Trong nhung nam qua da ghi nhan sau hai chinh doi voi rimg tr6ng bach dan la loai ong gay u bumi, sau cuon la... Xghien cuu nay nham mo ta dac di^m hinh thai va giam dmh loai ciia cac loai mot due than Bach dan uro a nui Tho va Bac Giang. KM qua dieu tra da ghi nhan ba loai mot due than Bach dan uro gom .Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Xiiebonis perforans vz Xylebonnus artestriatus, trong do 90% so miu mot thu dupe thuoc loai .\. crassiusculus Mot X.
crassiusculus gay hai nang a drag trong bach dan tuoi nho, dac biet la b giai doan duoi 1 nam tuoi vm t>' le cay bi hai tren 26%. Mot due than da lam anh huong Ion den chat luong g6 cua rung frong Bach dan uro.
Day la cac loai sinh vat gay hai tiem ^ nhCtng nguy hiem doi voi rung trong bach dan a Viet Nam va can tiep tuc nghien cmi cac giai phap phong tni de c6 giai phap quan ly hieu qua.
TIT khoa: Bach dan, mot due than, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyiebonis perforans. Xylebonnus artestriatus.
1. BAT VAN BE
Bach dan la mgt trong nhiing nhom loai cay tr6ng rimg chii luc voi tong dien tich khoang 350.000 ha rung bach dan tr6ng tren nhieu viing sinh thai chinh b Viet Nam (Pham Quang Tliu, 2016a). Trong nhung nam qua, mgt sd loai sau hai chinh ddi vol rimg trdng bach dan dupe ghi nhan nhu Ong gay u buou (Le Van Binh et al, 2015; Pham Quang Thu, 2^1^^, mot Xylosandrus sp. due than Bach dan uro d- Phii Thg va co dac diem hinh thai rat gidng loai Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Nguyin Mmh Chi et al., 2018). Cac loai mgt due than cay sdng co ten tielng Anh la Ambrosia beetle va con duoc goi la mgt nuoi nam, mgt an nam, mgt hai gd gian hep hay mgt an gd nam nen chting la cac vector truydn nam gay benh cho cay ehii.
Trong nhung nam qua, cac nghien ciiu ve mgt hai cay sdng d Viet Nam da ghi nhan mgt Xylosandrus crassiusculus gay hai tren Keo tai tirong b Phii Tho (Nguydn Ngoc Quynh, 2009), mot Euwallacea fomicatus gay hai rimg trdng cac loai keo tren dien rong (Pham Quang Thu, 2016 a, b). Cac nghien ciru tren the gioi cho thay mgt E. fomicatus gay hai tren nhieu loai cay trdng khac nhau nhir Phong bae, thdu dSu, che, cac loai de, cac loai cay hp cam, cao su, xoai, tdch. ca cao... (Parthiban va
Muranleedharan, 2012); gay hai cay che b kn Dp (Kumar et aL, 2011); gay hai cay ba d My (Kasson, 2013). Ddn nam 2010, da xac dinh co 54 loai mpt thupc ehi Xylosandrus, chung gay hai tren nhidu loiii cay trong nhu xoai va cac loai cay hp Dau (Dole et aL, 2010), gay hai Keo tai tuong b Phii Tho (Nguj'dn Ngpe Quynh, 2009). Mgt Xylosandrus compactus gay hai ca phe a Uganda (Egonyu et aL, 2015). Mgt Xyiebonis perforans da dugc ghi nhan gay hai tren cay Macadamia a Hawai, My (Lasalle, 1995), gay hai cay luu cr An Dp Qagginavar va Naik, 2004). Mgt Xyleborinus artestriatus dupe xac dinh cd ngudn gdc tir chau A va ciing dugc ghi nhan co xuit hien d B^c My (Cognato etal., 2013). Mgt E. fomicatus due than cay keo d Met Nam dupe xac dinh ep mang nam va nuoi nam Fusarium euwallacea lam thiic an (Pham Quang Thu, 2016b). Cac loai mgt thupc chi Xylosandrus mang nam va phat tan cac loai nam thupc hp Ceratocystidac^ae trong than cay de lam tfaiie an (Mayers etal, 2015).
Kdt qua didu tra da ghi nhan mgt sd loai mgt due than cay bach dan b giai doan 6 thang ddn 4 nam tudi, day la cac sinh vat gay hai tidm an nhiing nguy hiem ddi vm rimg trong bach dan d Viet Nam.
Bai bao nay trinh bay ket qua nghien cuu dgc diem hinh thai, giam dinh loai va dac diem gay hai cua ba loai mgt due than Bach dan uro b Phii Thg va Bdc Giang.
' Trung tam Nghien cuu £ nghiep VietNam
e rimg. Vien Khoa hoc Lam
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
2 . VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. vat lilu nghien cmi
- Cac mhi cay Bach dan uro bi mpt due than tai Phii Tho va Bac Giang.
- Cac mhi mpt gay hai Bach dan uro.
2.2. Phirong phdp nghidn ohi
2.2.1. Phuong phap nghien cuu dac diem hinh thai
Thu 40 mku. than ciy bi hai ttr 40 cay bi mot due than cd duong kinh tir 2 -10 cm, dai 50 cm, mhx diroe ky hi^u, de rifeng biet va dua ve phdng thi nghiem de kiem tra su gay hai cua mpt.
20 mhi than cay bi hai duoc che nho de thu mau mgt trudng thanh, sSu non, nhpng tren cac mlu than cay bach dan uro hi mpt due than tai Phii Tho va Bac Giang. 20 m^u con lai dung parafin long bgc hai dau va tien hanh gay nuoi trong long nu6i mgt kich thuoc 60x60x60 cm.
Man mgt trudng thanh, trung, sau non va nhgng (10 mSu/loai/pha) dugc quan sat tren kinh soi ndi Leica M165C de do kich thudc va mo ta chi tiet cac b6 phan cua co the mpt.
2.2.2. Phuong phap giam dinh tdn khoa hoc Dac diem hinh thai ciia cac mhi mpt dugc ddi chidu vdi khda phan loai va dac diem cua gidng Xylosandrus, Xyiebonis", Xyleborinus da dupe m6 ta bdi Wollastpn (1857), Motschulsky (1866) va Eichhoff (1868). Ket hop voi vide so sanh va ddi chidu mlu mpt cua Truong Dai hgc Florida, My do hen sy Johnson Andrew thuc hien tir thang 11 nam 2018 ddn thang 3 nam 2019.
2.2.3. Phuong phap phan cap mot due than Lap cac 6 tieu chuan 500 m^ tren rimg trdng Bach dan uro b huyen Thanh Son va Tam Nong, tinh Phti Thg va huyen Yen The, ti'nh Bac Giang. Tren moi 6 didu tra 30 cay tieu chuan theo he thdng. Didu tra. phan d p muc dd gay hai cua mgt d ba do tudi gom: dudi 1 nam tudi, 1 -- 3 nam tudi va fren 3 nam tudi theo phuong phap cua Coleman va dong tac gia (2019). cu the nhu sau:
Phan cap miic do gay hai thong qua trang thai tan la voi 5 cap gdm: 0: cay khde; 1: 10 - 25% la rung, ngon chet it; 2: ngon chet trung binh, 26 - 50% la rung; 3: canh chet nhidu, trfin 50% la rung; 4: cay chet
Phan cap muc do gay hai ciia mgt thong qua Id mgt tren than, dem sd 16 mgt qua manh giay bong kinh CO dien tich 250 cm^ (10 x 25 cm) b vi tri D 1,3 m, hudng phia tren sudn ddc voi 4 cap gdm: 0: cay khde, khong c6 16 mot tren than; 1: gay hai nhe, 1 - 1016; 2: gay hai trung binh, 11 - 3016; 3: gay hai nang, tren 30 Id.
Ty le cay bi mpt dugc xac dinh theo cong thiic;
Trong do: n: la sd cay bi sau hai; N: la tdng sd cay dieu tra.
Chi sd bi hai binh quan trong 6 tieu chuan duac tinh theo cong thirc:
Y,ni.v\
N
Trong do: R: chi sd bi hai trung binh; ni: la sd cay bi hai vol chi sd bi sau hai i; vi: la tri sd cua cap bi sau hai thii i; N: la tdng sd cay didu tra.
Muc do hi hai dua tren chi sd bi hai trung binh gdm: R = 0 (cay khde), 0 < R < 1 (cay bi hai nhe), 1 <
R < 2 (cay hi hai trung bmh), 2 < R < 3 (cay bi hai nang) va 3 < R < 4 (cay bi hai rat nang).
2.2.4. Phuong phap nghien cuu dac diem gay hai cua mot
Theo ddi, quan sat dac diem gay hai cua mpt tren rimg trdng Bach dan uro va tren cac mlu than cay bi mgt due than. Cac chi tieu quan sat gdm vi tri gay hai, mau sac g6 tai vi tri hi hai va phan bd mot tren than cay.
3. KET QUA NGHSV CUU VA THAU LUAN 3.1. Dac di^m hinh thai
3.1.1. Mot Xylosandrus crassiusculus Loai: Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky)
^ylebonm, Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera).
Tdn ddng nghia: Phloeotrogus crassiusculus Motschulsky, 1866.
Trudng thanh: Phia dau cd mau nau dd, phia cudi than co mau nau tdi den den. Con cai chidu dai tir 1,95 ddn 2,45 mm, moi vii hoa mau nau sau chuyen sang mau nau sIm hoac nau den, con due nho hon con cat, chieu dai hr 1,45 den 1,65 mm, co the mau nau va slm hon con cai. Rau ddu co dang NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019 109
KHOA HOC CONG NGHfi hinh chiiy, 5 dot vdi ddt cudi phinh to, ddt chan rau
dlu nam b giua phln mit voi phan ham dudi cua mieng. Neu nhin tir tren xudng dlu cua mgt trudng thanh dau kin dudi tam lung nguc truoc. Co the cd nhieu man nhd, tap trung d phia cudi canh ciing
(Hinh la, b).
Trung: hinh oval, dai khoang tir 0,23 den 0,42 mm (Hinh Id), mau trlng kem hoac vang nhat, tning nam a cudi duong him ciia than cay hi hat, sd tning trong mdi nhom dao dong tb 10 den 15 qua.
Sau non: Cd 3 tudi voi 2 lln lot xac:
Tudi 1: Mau trlng stra, chieu dai co the tir 0,85 - 0,95 mm, rgng tir 0,35 - 0,50 mm.
Tudi 2: Mau vang nhat, chieu dai co the tir 1,30 - 1,45 mm, rgng tir 0,45 - 0,55 mm.
Tudi 3: Man vang dam, chidu dai co the tir 1,75 - 1,95 mm, rong tir 0,60 - 0,70 mm, phan dlu bdt dlu xuat hien nhieu tam chan bao ve (Hinh le).
Nhdng: Kich thudc dai tir 1,95 - 2,55 mm, rong tir 0,95 -1,25 mm, moi hoa nhgng co mau tring siia sau chuyen mau vang, phln cudi canh mau tring (Hinh 10.
Trudng thanh: Mau vang dam ddn nau. Kich thudc CO the dai 2,5 - 2,6 mm, mgt cai Ion hon mgt due. Rau dlu cd dang hinh chiiy voi ddt cudi phinh to. Tam lung nguc hiroc gd cao, canh ben tam lung nguc cd vien mo. Tim Itmg nguc trudc nhin tir canh ben CO hinh thuon dai, nhin tir phia tren c6 dudng gd song song va bo ti-6n d phia truoc. Canh ciing thuon dai cd nhidu mhi b nua cudi canh vat va tuong ddi ddng nhat, cac mlu nlm a hang gai thii 1 va 3. Diem giua d gdc hai canh ciing co phien thudn nhd (scutellum), canh vat hoi loi. Hai chan trudc lidn nhau, giiia hai chan sau tach biet ro va c6 gd noi (Hinh 2b).
Sau non: Co 3 tudi:
Tudi 1: Mau trdng, chieu dai ca the tir 0,99 -1.19 mm, rgng tir 0,35 - 0,50 mm.
Tudi 2: Mau trdng sua, chieu dai co the tir 1,38 - 1,69 mm, rong tir 0,48 - 0,62 mm (Hmh 2a).
Tudi 3: Mau vang nhat, chidu dai ca the tir 1,83 - 2,22 mm, rdng tir 0,60 - 0,71 mm, phln dlu bat dlu xult hien tam chin bao ve.
Nhdng: Kich thudc dai tir 2,22 - 2,84 mm, rong tir 0,95 -1,25 mm, moi hoa nhong cd mau tring sua sau chuyen mau vang nhat (Hinh 2a).
Hinh 1. y[at Xylosandrus crassiusculus 6\ic than bach din
(a, b: trudng thanh; c: tmdng thanh dang dao hang; d: tning va sau non nidi nd; e: sau non; f nhdng.
Thudc:a.c^lmm;b, e, f^2mm;d = 0,5mm) 3.1.2. Mot Xyiebonis perforans
Lpai; Xyiebonis perforans ^ollaslon^
^yleborini, Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera).
Ten ddng nghia: Tomicus peiforansWoHaston, 1857;
XylebomscognatiisBlandiori (1896).
Hinh 2. Mpt Xyiebonis perforans due than bach dan {a: sau non va nhdng; b: trudng thanh. Thudc: a
=2mm;b = 1mm)
3.1.3. Mot Xyleborinus artestiiatus
Loai: Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff) (Xyleborini, Scolytinae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera).
Trudng thanh: Mau vang dam den nau slm.
Kich thuoc ca the 2,0 - 2,1 mm. Rau dau cd dang hinh chiiy voi ddt cudi phinh to. Tam lung nguc cd mau sang. Nhin tir tien xudng dlu cua mgt trudng thanh gan dau kin duoi tam lung nguc trwc. Tren lung khong c6 ndt sin d hang gai thii nhat va thu 2, gai nhd d cudi canh vat. Co hang mlu to a hang thii 3 phln cudi canh vat, cac mlu khong tach biet ro. Dinh
110 NONG NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE canh bo trdn, nua cudi canh cd cac vien song song
(Hinh 3b).
Sau .new.* Co 3 tudi:
Tudi 1; Mau trdng, chieu dai ca the tir 0,98 -1,15 mm, rpng tir 0,36 - 0,51 mm.
Tudi 2: Man tidng siia, chidu dai ca thd tir 1,35 - 1,63 mm, rdng tir 0,46 - 0,57 mm (Hinh 3a).
Tuoi 3: Mau vang nhat, chieu dai co the tir 1,75 - 1,95 mm, rgng tit 0,62 - 0,69 mm, phln dlu bit dau xuat hien cac tam chdn bao ve.
Hinh 3. Mpt Xyleborinus artestriatus due than bach dan
{a: sau non va nhdng; b: trudng thanh. Thudv: a '2 mm; b = l mm)
Bang 1. Ty le va miic dp mpt ditc than
Nhdng: Kich thuoc dai tir 2,15 - 2,68 mm, rong tir 0,96 -1,22 mm, moi hoa nhgng co man tilng siia sau chuyen mau vang nhat (Hinh 3a).
3.2. Giam dinh ten khoa hgc
Tir ket qua mo ta dac diem hinh thai neu tren, ddi chieu voi khoa phan loai va dac diem cua cIc gidng gdm: (1) Xylosandrus, ket hop viec so sanh vdi khda phan loai cua Motschulsky (1866), (2) Xyleboivs, ket hop viec so sanh vai khda phan loai cua Wollaston (1857), (3) Xylebonnus, ket hgp viec so sanh vdi khda phan loai cua Eichhoff (1868) va ddi chieu mlu cua bo mon con trimg, loai mgt hai bach dan tai Phii Tho va Blc Giang dugc giam djnh thupc ba loai la Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866), Xyiebonis perforans (Wollaston, 1857) va Xyleboruius artestiiatiis (Eichhoff, 1868) thuoc toe Xyleborini, phan hg Scolytinae, ho Curcuhonidae, bp Coleoptera.
3.3. Miic dp gay hai va dac didm gay hai cua mpt tr^n cly Bach dan uro
3.3.1. Muc do gay hai Bach dan ur6 d Phii Tho vl Bdc Giang Dia diem
Thanh Son, Phii Tho Tam Nong, Phii Tho Yen The, Bac Giang
Ty le va miic do bi hai
< 1 tudi P%
31,7 32,2 26,2
Rtl 1,04 1,06 1,01
Rtc 0,51 0,54 0,42
1-3 tuoi V%
16,7 18,3 15,2
Rtl 0.52 0,56 0,48
Rtc 0,29 0,31 0,28
> 3 tuoi P%
13,3 14,4 11,6
Rtl 0,32 0,36 0,25
Rtc 0,18 0,20 0,15 Ghi chw P%: ty le cay bi mot; Rtl: chi sd bi hai thdng qua tan la bmh quan; Rtc: chi sd bi hai thdng qua Id mot bmh quan tren than cay.
Ty le cay hi mpt due than tren cac rimg trdng Bach dan uro ed mpt due than d cac dp tudi co su khac biet rd, sd lieu dugc tdng hap trong bang 1.
Ket qua tdng hop trong bang 1 cho thay tai cac 16 rimg da dieu tra d' giai doan duoi 1 tudi tai Phii Tho va Bdc Giang hi mgt due than nhieu nhat, tren 26% sd cay bi mot. Rimg tidng d giai doan tudi Idn cd ty le va miic dp bi hai thap hon. Ngoai ra, rimg trong d Bdc Giang it bi mot gay hai hon d Phu Tlio va miic
^0 gay hai hien dang d miic nhe nhung cd xu hudng tang cao hon so nghien ciiu trudc day cua Nguydn Minh Chi va dong tac gia (2018).
Kdt qua dieu tra, thu mlu cho thay d thdi diem hien tai hai loai mgt Xyiebonis perforans vl Xyleborinus artestriatus mdi xuat hien, da ghi nhan mot Xylosandrus crassiusculus chiem ti-en 90% mau
mpt thu duoc trong sd cac mlu than cay bi hai va la ddi tugng due than chinh tren bach dan. Vi vay cln tiep tuc theo doi didn bien de co dinh huong quan ly kip thdi.
3.3.2. Dac didm gay hai cua mot Xylosandms crassiusculus trdn cay bach dan
Hinh 4. Tri6u chiing gay hai cay Bach din uro hi mpt Xylosandms crassiusculus due than {a: than cay bi mot; b: mat cdt doc tiian cay bi mot; a mat cdt ngang va dudng hang)
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 -THANG 8/2019 111
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Bach dan uro d giai doan 6 thang tuoi trd len
thirong bl mot due than, than cay bi mgt due cd 16 nho CO duong kinh tu 1 - 2 mm. Khi than cay mdi bi mgt due than, mot dim mim go ra ed mau tilng, mim gd chuyen din sang mau tham den theo thdi gian, sau do de lai cac 16 nhd tren than (Hinh 4a), cay bi mgt hai cd dudng hang chay thing vao trong than, sau do re nhidu nhanh d phln gd giac (Hinh 4b, c).
3.4. Thao luan
Nam 2018 Viet Nam da ghi nhan mgt gay hai rimg tidng bach din uro nhimg moi chi giam dmh dupe mgt loai thudc gidng Xylosandms cd dac diem hinh thai gidng voi loai Xylosandms crassiusculus (Nguydn Minh Chi et al, 2018). Trong nghien ciiu nay ghi nhan ba loai mgt due than, gay hai rung trdng bach dan uro d Phii Thg va Bdc Giang bao gom Xylosandms crassiusculus, Xyiebonis perforans va Xylebonnus artestriatus.
Hai loai mgt Xyleboms perforans va Xyleborinus ariestriatus trong nghien ciiu nly ed cac dac diem hinh thai tuong ling vdi nhimg md ta trudc day cho hai loai nay (Wollaston, 1857; Eichhoff, 1868; Lasalle, 1995; Cognato etal, 2013) Mot Xyleboms perforans gay hai kha phd bien tien cay Macadamia d Hawai, My (Lasalle, 1995) va gay hai nang ddi vdi cay luu d An D P vdi ty le cay bi hai ed the tdi 47,2% Qaggmavar va Naik, 2004). Mgt Xylebonnus ariestriatus cd ngudn gdc tir chau A va da dugc ghi nhan a Blc My (Cognato etal., 2013). Hai loai nay tuy mdi ghi nhan gay hai trfen cay bach dan d Viet Nam nhung rat cln CO cac nghien ciiu sdm de phdng trir hieu qua.
Xylosandms crassiusculus due than, gay hai chinh ddi voi rimg tidng Bach dan uro, chiing cd mot sd dac diem hinh thai tuong tu vdi loai mgt X.
crassiusculus gay hai rimg tidng Keo tai tuong da dugc Nguydn Nggc Quynh (2009) mo ta. Trong nghien ciiu trudc day, cac mau mgt hai bach dan b Phu Thg da dupe giai trinh tu gen va so sanh trinh tu doan gen COI vdi cac chung tham chieu thuoc loai X.
crassiusculus nhung mdi chi xac dinh chiing thuoc chi Xylosandms (Nguyin Minh Chi etal, 2018). Cac loai mpt thupc chi Xylosandms thudng due than, gay hai tren nhidu loai cay trdng lam nghiep, cay cdng nghiep va cay an qua (Dole etal, 2010).
Nghien cuu nay ghi nhan mot X. crassiusculus gay hai nang d rimg tidng bach dan dudi 1 tudi; tuy nhien, theo nghien cim cua Pham Quang Thu
(2016a. b) loai nay gay hai rimg ti-dng cac loai keo d giai doan tifen 3 nam tudi. Cln tiep tuc nghifen ciiu dac diem sinh hoc, sinh thai, xac dmh thanh phan cac loai nam gay benh do mgt mang thep va cac bien phap phpng trir de co giai phIp quan ly hieu qua.
4 . KET LUAN
Ba loai mgt due than Bach din uro duoc xac dinh II Xylosandms crassiusculus, Xyleboms perforans va Xyleborinus ariesdiatus thuoc toe Xylebormi. phan ho Scolytinae, hg Curculionidae, bo Coleoptera.
Mpt Xylosandrus crassiusculus chiem tien 90%
mlu mpt thu duac tir cac mlu than cay bi hai va 11 ddi tugng due than chinh tien bach dan gay hai rimg tidng Bach dan uro tai Phii Thg va Blc Giang.
Chiing gay hai tap trung d rimg trdng dudi 1 nam tudi, vdi ty le bi hai ti&n 26% vl cd xu hudng lan rgng.
Can tiep tuc nghien ciiu dac diem sinh hpc, sinh thai va cac hien phap phong trir dd cd giai phap quan ly sdm va hi6u qua cac lpai mpt nay.
TAI UEU THAM KHAQ
1. Nguydn Mmh Chi, Dao Nggc Quang va TrIn Xuan Hinh (2018). Mpt due than {Xylosandms ^•p) hai Bach dan uro {Eucalyptus urophylld) a Phii Thp, Viet Nam. Tap chi Ndng nghiep va PTNT, (11), 107-111.
2. Cognato, A. I., Rabagha, R. J. & Vandenberg, N. J. (2013). Another Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborinus artestiiatus (Eichhoff 1878) (Colepptera:
Curculionidae: Scolytmae: Xyleborini), newly detected in North America. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 89{1), 27-32.
3. Coleman, T. W., Poloni, A. L , Chen. Y., Thu.
P. Q., Li, Q., Sun, J., ... & Seybold, S. J. (2019).
Hardwood injury and mortahty associated with two shot hole borers, Euwallacea spp., in the invaded region of southern California, USA, and the native region of Southeast Asia. Annals of Forest Science,
7e{3),61.
4. Dole, S. A., Jordal, B. H., & Cognato, A I.
(2010). Polyphyly of Xylosandrus Reitter inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial genes (Coleoptera:
Curcuhonidae: Scolytmae). Molecularphylogenehcs and evolution, 54 (3), 773-782.
5. Eichhoff, W. J. (1878). Neue oder noch unbeschriebene Tomicinen. Entomologische Zeitung. Stettin, 39{7-9), 383-392.
6. Egonyu, J. P., Baguma, J., Ogari, 1., Ahumuza, G., Kyamanywa, S., Kueel, P., &
112 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE Wagoire, W. W. (2015). The formicid ant, Plagiolepis
sp.. 3d a predator of the cofi'ee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus. Biological Control 91 42- 46.
7 Jaggmavar, S. B. & Na:k, L. K. (2004) Distribution of pomegranate shothole borer.
Xyleboms perforans (Wollastan) (Coleoptera:
Scolytidae) in Northern kamataka. Indian .Journal of Agricultural Research, 38 (X). 8-14.
8. Kasson, M, T., O'Donnell, K., Rooney, A, P., Sink, S., Ploetz, R. C, Ploetz, .1. N & Smith, J. A.
(2013). An inordinate fondness for Fusarium:
phylogenetic diversity of fusaria cultivated by ambrosia beetles in the genus Euwallacea on avocado and other plant hosts. Fungal Genetics and Biology, (56), U7-157.
9. Kumar, R., Rajkhowa, G., Sankar, M., Rajan, R. K. (2011). A new host plant for the shoot-hole borer, Euwallacea fomicatus (Eichof!) (Coleoptera:
Scolytidae) from India. Acta Entomol. Smicia, (54), 734-738.
10. LasaUe, J. 0. H. N. (1995). A new species of Phymastichus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on adult Xyleboms perforans (Coleoptera:
Scolytidae) on macadamia frees m Hawaii.
Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society.
,?^(1), 95-101.
11. Mayers, c. G., McNew. D. L, Harrington. T.
C, Roeper, R. A., Fraednch, S. W., Biedermann, P.
H., ... & Reed, S. F. (2015). Three genera in the Ceratocystidaceae are im respecuve symbionts of three independent lineages of ambrosia beetles with large, complex mycangia. Fungal biology, 119 (11), 1075-1092.
12. De Motschulsk)', V. (1866). Catalogue des insects recus de Japon. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale desNaturahstes deiUowcou, 39,163-200.
13. Parthiban, M. and Muranleedharan, N.
(1996). Biology of the shot hole borer Euwallacea fomicatus (Eich.) of tea../: Plantn.Crops, (24). 319-329.
14. NguyJn Ngoc Quynh (2009). Mgt Xylosandms crassiusculus (Motschulsky) va nam Kanh hai Keo tai tugng a Phii Tho. Tap chi Khoa hoc Lam nghiep, (2). 926-928.
15. Pham Quang Thu (2016a). Ket qua nghien cmi thanh phan sau, benh hai mot so loai cay trong rimg chinh tai Viet Nam. Tap chi Khoa hoc Lam n^A/iJAd), 4257-4264.
16. Pham Quang Thu (2016b). Mgt Euwallacea fomicatus due than keo o Viet Nam. Tap chi Nong nghiep viPTNT (7), 110-113.
17. Wonaston, T. V. (1857). Catalogue of Oie Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of the Bmish l^useum: By T. Vernon Wollaston. order of the Trustees.
FIRST REPORT OF POLYPHAGUS SHOT HOLE BORER ASSOCIATED WTTH Eucalyptus urophylla IN PHU THO AND BAC GIANG PROVINCES, VIETNAM
Tran Xuan Hung^ Nguyen Minh Chi', Dao Ngoc Quang', Pham Quang Thu' 'Forest Protection Research Centre, VAFS Summary
Eucalypt is one of the mam piantaOon species m Vietnam, accounUng for more than 350,000 ha and planted on many major ecological regions in Vietnam. Over the past few years, the mam insect pests of eucalyptus plantations have been recorded such as gall wasp and leaf roller... This study aims to charactenze morphological charactenstics and identify species of polyphagus shot hole borer associated with Eucalyptus urophylla in Phu Tho and Bac Giang provinces. The survey results have recorded three species of stem borer beetle including Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyleborus perforans and Xylebonnus artestriatus, of which Xylosandrus crassiusculus samples account for 90% of the colletected beede samples.
Xylosandms crassiusculus causes serious damage in young plantations, especially in the penod of less than 1 year of age with the mcidence over 26%. These species are newrecord for Vietnamese fauna and potential insect pests for £. urophylla piantaUons. Further research is needed to prevent and control for effective management
Keywords. Eucalyptus, ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyleborus perforans, Xyleborinus artestriatus.
Nguoi phSn bita: GS.TS. Nguyto Th^ Nha Ngiy nhin bai: 4/6/2019
Ngiy thang qua phan bifn: 5/7/2019 Ng^duyStdang: 12/7/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 8/2019
