/v"^ ^^•v
VE BAN CHAT PHAP LY CUA HOP DONG TANG CHO TAI SAN
1. Hpp ddng tang cho la mdt trong nhdng cdng cy phap ly dupc hinh thanh liu ddi nhlt trong phap luat dan sy. Ngay td thd ky thd V de'n thd ky thd I trudc Cdng nguyen, trong Luat La Ma hpp ddng tang cho dupc coi la mdt trong nhdng co sd lam phit sinh quydn sd hdu vl dupc quy dinh mpt d c h cy the, chi tidt. Trong Bd luat Dan sy Bic ky va Bd luat Dan sy Trung ky hpp ddng tang cho cung danh dupc sy quan tam ding kd'. Trong Bd luat Dan sy Viet Nam (BLDS) 2005, hpp ddng tang cho dupc coi la mdt trong nhdng hpp ddng dan sy thPng dung va dupc quy dinh trong pham vi 6 didu luat (td Didu 465-470). Nhu vay cd thd nhan tha'y BLDS 2005 chi danh mdt sd lupng khiem ton d c didu luat cho loai hpp ddng nly, cd le chfnh vi vay nen trong thyc tidn xay ra nhidu trudng hpp ma phip luat khdng the giai quye't dupc, vi du, ban chit cua hpp ddng tang cho, nhdng gidi han cda hpp ddng va vin dd huy bd hop ddng sau khi hop ddng da cd hieu lyc. Trong pham vi bii vie't nay, tic gia phan tich, so sinh dd lam sang ro nhdng vin dd dupc dat ra d tren.
2. Viec xlc dinh hop ddng tang cho la loai hpp ddng thyc td hay hpp ddng ung thuan cd y nghTa ly luan va thyc tidn quan trpng, bdi le didu nly lien quan de'n lpi ich cua d c ben trong hpp ddng. Theo quy dinh tai Didu 465 BLDS 2005, hpp ddng tang cho la sy thoa thuan gida d c ben, theo dd ben tang giao tai san cda minh vl chuydn quydn sd hdu cho ben dupc tang cho ma khdng yeu clu den bu cdn ben dupc tang cho ddng y
* TS. Luat hoc, Khoa Kinh te', Dai hoc qudc gia TP.
Hd Chf Minh.
' Hoang Viet Trung-Ky Hd luat (Bp luat Dan sir Trung ky) danh 43 Dieu (tir Dieu 951 den Dieu 994) cho Sinh thdi tang giir.
Duong Anh Sffn*
nhan. Hop ddng tang cho ddng san cd hieu lyc khi ben dupc tang cho nhan tai san. Dd'i vdi tang cho ddng san ma phap luat cd quy dinh dang ky quydn sd hdn thi hpp ddng tang cho cd hieu lyc kd td thdi diem dang ky (Didu 466 BLDS 2005). Dd'i vdi tang cho bit ddng san thi Didu 467 BLDS 2005 quy dinh:
i) Tang cho bat dpng san phai dupc lap thanh van ban cd cdng chdng, chdng thuc hoac phai dang ky, ndu theo quy dinh cda phap luat bat ddng san phai dang ky quydn sd hdu;
ii) Hpp ddng tang cho bat dpng san cd hieu lyc kd td thdi didm dang ky, ndu bat ddng san khdng phai dang ky quydn sd hihi thi hop ddng tang cho cd hieu lyc kd td thdi didm chuyen giao tai san.
Theo d c quy dinh tren cua phap luat Viet Nam thi vd ban chit, mac dd phip luat khdng quy dinh ro, nhung trong khoa hpc phap ly Viet Nam nhidu tie gia cho ring, tang cho tai san lam phit sinh quan he hop ddng khi ben dupc tang cho nhan tai san, cung chfnh vi vay nen hpp ddng tang cho tai san la hpp ddng thyc td, sau khi d c ben da thoa thuan vd viec tang cho ma chua chuyen giao tai san, khdng llm phit sinh quydn cda d c ben^ do vay mpi thoa thuan chua cd hieu lyc khi chua giao tai san\ Sy ddng y cda ben dupc tang cho quyet dinh cho hpp ddng dupc xlc lap, song hpp ddng chi cd hieu lyc khi tai san dupe tang cho dupc trao cho ben dupc tang cho (hpp ddng thyc te). Nhu vay, day la hpp ddng thyc td, don vy va khdng cd ddn bu".
' Xem: Luat Dan sir Viet Nam, Tap 2, Nxb Cdng an Nhan dan, 2006, tr. 156.
' Xem: Luat Dan sir Viet Nam, Tap 2, Nxb Cdng an Nhan dan, 2006, tr. 157
' Xem: Luat Dan sir Viet Nam, Nxb Dai hoc Qudc eia TP. Hd Chi Minh, 2007, tr.397. • • •< e
VE BAN CHAT PHAP LY CUA ...
Cd the khlng dinh ring, hpp ddng tang cho la hpp ddng khdng cd sy ddn bu, tuy nhien ndi ring, hpp ddng tang cho 11 hpp ddng thyc td thi cdn d n phai xem xet. Ly thuydt ve hpp ddng chi ra ring, hpp ddng thuc td la hop ddng chi phat sinh hieu lyc tai thdi diem d c ben thyc hien nghTa vu cua minh tren thyc td, loai hop ddng nly khlc vdi hpp ddng ung thuan, theo dd hpp ddng cd hieu lyc ngay sau khi d c ben dat dupc sy thoa thuln ndu khdng cd thoa thuan ve thdi di6m cd hieu lyc cua hpp ddng. Nhu vay hpp ddng tang cho, theo y kidn cda d c tic gia ndi tren chi phit sinh hieu lyc khi ben dupc tang cho thyc te nhan tai san. Tuy nhien, Dieu 466 Bp luat Dan su 2005 khdng ndi rd
"nhgn tdi sdn" la nhan tai san vd mat phap ly hay thyc td nhan tii san, mat khlc, Didu 465 BLDS quy dinh, hop ddng tang cho 11 sy thoa thuan giua d c ben, theo dd ben tang giao tai san cua minh va chuydn quydn sd huu cho ben dupc tang cho ma khdng yeu clu den bu cdn ben dupc tang cho ddng y nhan. Theo d c h hidu cua tdi thi "ddng y nhan" dupc ndi ddn trong Didu 465 BLDS cd the la ddng y nhan tai san ngay tdc thi va cung cd thd 11 ddng y nhan tai san vao thdi diem nao dd trong tuang lai.
Nhu vay, mpt vin dd cln phai dupc ly giai, can cd vao dau ma mpt sd tic gia lai cd the hieu ring, "nhdn tdi sdn" dupc ndi ddn trong Dieu 466 la nhan tai san thyc td.
Theo chung tdi, ndu cho ring hpp ddng tang cho tai san la hpp ddng thyc te thi se cd rlt nhidu van dd cd thd xay ra vl phip luat khd cd the giai quye't dupc. Vf du, hpp ddng tang cho tai san dupc lap thanh van ban vl da dupc ky ke't, theo dd ben tang cho se giao tii san cho ben dupc tang cho vao mdt thdi diem xlc dinh trong tuang lai. Vay thi mdt vin de dupc dat ra: khi tai san chua dupc chuyen giao thi ngudi dupc tang cho cd quyen td chdi nhan tai san hoac ngudi tang cho cd thd td chdi viec giao tai san hay khdng? Neu cho ring hpp ddng tang cho la hpp ddng thyc te thi trudc khi nhan tai san
ngudi dupc tang cho cd quydn td chdi nhan tai san va ngudi tang cho cd quydn td chdi thyc hien hpp ddng. Vay thi se giai quydt nhu the nao trong trudng hpp viec td chdi thyc hien hpp ddng cua mdt trong d c ben gay thiet hai cho ben kia? Vi du, ngay 1/4 dng A tang cho dng B xe du lich 4 chd, hpp ddng dupc lap thanh van ban, cd chdng thyc.
Ngay luc dd dng B chua nhan xe vi chua cd gara va ndi vdi dng A ring, sau hai tuln, tdc la ngay 15/4 sau khi gara dupc lam xong dng B se de'n nhan xe va se lam thu tuc dang ky quydn sd hdu. Sau khi ky hpp ddng, ong B d i tao nha cua minh va xay gara dd xe, chi phf xay gara mat 50 trieu. Gara dupc lam xong va chua kip nhan xe thi Png B dupc ong A thong bao la ong A khong cho ong B chiec xe dd nda. Nhu vay, ndu ndi ring hpp ddng tang cho 11 hpp ddng thyc te thi dng A khdng cd nghTa vy phai bdi thudng thiet hai cho dng B bdi vi hpp ddng tang cho chua cd hieu lyc phap luat. Didu nay that vd ly, bdi le neu khdng cd hpp ddng tang cho dupc ky ke't trudc dd thi dng B da khdng bd ra 50 trieu dd llm gara.
Chung tdi cho ring, vi phip luat khdng quy dinh rd tai san trong hpp ddng tang cho dupc ben dupc tang cho thyc td nhan hay chi nhan vd mat phip ly nen cln phai cd sy giai thfch rd rang. De giai thich didu nay, chdng tdi cho ring cln phai xem xet "nhdn tdi sdn" trong d c loai hpp ddng khlc, cu the la hop ddng mua bin tai san dupc giai thfch nhu the nao.
Khoan 1 Didu 439 Bd luat Dan sy 2005 quy dinh, neu khdng cd thoa thuan khlc thi quyen sd hdu dd'i vdi tai san trong hpp ddng mua bin tai san dupc chuyen td ngudi ban sang ngudi mua tai thdi diem tai san dupc chuydn giao. Khoan 1 Didu 440 quy dinh, ndu khdng cd thoa thuan khlc thi ngudi bin khdng cdn chiu rui ro dd'i vdi tai san kd td thdi didm giao tai san, ngudi mua chiu rui ro ke td thdi didm nhan tai san. Trong d c quy dinh ndi tren, thdi diem giao va nhan tai san dupc xlc dinh vd mat phap ly, tdc la thdi
NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT SO 10/2008t
diim giao tai san do d c ben thoa thuan trong hop ddng, khdng phy thupc vao thai diem thyc te' giao nhan tai san. Vi dy, d c ben thoa thuan thdi diem giao tai san 11 ngay
1/4 nhung tai san dupc ngudi mua thyc td nhan vao ngay 5/4 thi thdi didm ma quydn sd hdu va rui ro ddi vdi tai san dupc chuyen td ngudi bin sang ngudi mua la ngay 1/4, bdi vi sau thdi didm nay tai san da dupc dat dudi sy dinh doat cua ngudi mua.
Nhu vay, ndu trong hpp ddng tang cho dupc hieu la nhan thyc td thi rd rang khdng cd d c h hidu thd'ng nhat vd "nhdn tdi sdn "
trong d c hpp ddng khae nhau. Chung tdi cho ring, sd dT cd each hidu khae nhau ndi tren la vi trong phap luat Viet Nam khdng cd quy dinh nhu the nao la tai san dupc chuyen giao.
Khlc vdi phip luat Viet Nam, phip luat cua d c nudc cd quy dinh ro thd nao la tai san dupc chuydn giao. Vf du, khoan 2 Dieu 458 BLDS Lien bang Nga quy dinh: ''neii khong ed thoa tliucin khde. nglna vii giao hdng eiia ngifdi hdn duae coi Id hodn thdnh vdo thin diem tdi sdn duae dgt ducfi su dinh dogt eiia ngifdi mua, neu tdi sdn can phdi duae giao eho ngudi mua hay ngifdi do ngififi mua ehl dinh tgi dia diem eo tdi sdn. Tdi sdn duae eoi dd duae ddt dudi sif dinh dogt eiia ngudi mua neu tdi sdn difr/e giao dimg thdi diem vd dia diem do eae ben thoa thudn trong hap dong vd ngifdi mua dd difc/e thong bdo ve viee hdng hod sdn sdng duae ehuyen giao... ". Vi dupc quy dinh rd rang nhu vay nen "nhdn tdi sdn" hay "ehuyen giao tdi sdn " trong hpp ddng mua bin tai san va hpp ddng tang cho tai san dupc giai thfch gidng nhau. Dly la mdt trong nhifng ly do dd nhidu tic gia cho ring, hpp ddng tang cho tai san cd the la hpp ddng thyc te va cung cd the la hpp ddng ung thuan.
Nghien cdn cho thay ring, theo quy dinh cua phip luat nhidu nudc, hpp ddng tang cho trong mdt sd trudng hpp la hpp ddng thyc td, va trong nhidu trudng hop khlc la hpp ddng ung thuan. Viec xem xet hpp ddng tang cho
la hpp ddng thyc td hay hpp ddng ung thuan phy thudc vao:
Thd nhdt. tai san la dd'i tupng cua hpp ddng tang cho dupc giao ngay tai thdi didm ky hpp ddng hay dupc giao trong tuong lai.
Trong trudng hpp tang cho tai san 11 hpp ddng ung thuln thi thdi diem giao tai san va thdi didm ky hpp ddng khdng trdng nhau, thdng thudng trong trudng hpp nay tai san se dupc chuydn giao tai thdi didm xae dinh trong tuang lai sau khi hpp ddng tang cho dupc ky ket. Cdn ndu hpp ddng tang cho la hpp ddng thyc td thi thdi diem ky ket hpp ddng va thdi diem giao tai san trdng nhau.
Tang cho la hop ddng thyc td khdng lam phat sinh bat ky mdt quan he nghTa vy nao giua d c ben, chi cd mpt ngoai le duy nhat cho hpp ddng nay la tang cho quydn tai ,san\
Thif hai, hinh thdc cua hpp ddng. Thdng thudng neu dupc ky kdt bing ldi ndi thi hpp ddng tang cho la hpp ddng thyc te. Trong trudng hpp nay hpp ddng chi phat sinh hieu lyc khi ngudi dupc tang cho thyc td nhan dupc tai san. Ndu tang cho dupc lap thanh van ban thi hpp ddng thudng la hpp ddng ung thuan. Theo quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam va phap luat cua mpt so nude^, hpp ddng tang cho cd thd dupc ky kdt bing ldi va cung cd thd dupc ky kdt bing van ban. BLDS Viet Nam, ngoai quy dinh tai Didu 467, khong quy dinh nhdng trudng hpp hpp ddng tang cho phai dupe ky ke't bing van ban.
Khlc vdi phip luat Viet Nam, theo quy dinh tai diem 2 khoan 2 Didu 574 BLDS Lien bang Nga, hop ddng tang cho cd quy dinh giao tai san tai mdt thdi diem trong tuang lai phai dupc ky ket bing van ban, neu khdng tuan thu hinh thdc van ban thi hpp ddng vd hieu. Cac quy dinh cda BLDS Lien bang Nga sau dd the hien ro, trong nhdng trudng hpp nay hpp ddng tang cho la hpp ddng ung thuan. Didu 573 quy dinh, ben dupc tang cho
' Xem: Giao trinh Luat Dan sir, (Ban tieng Nga), Nxb.
Prospect, Matxccfva 2001, tr. 123.
'' Phap luat cua Lien bang Nga.
l i V E BAN CHAT PHAP LY CUA ...
cd quydn td chdi nhan tai san trong mpi thdi didm trudc thdi didm nhan tai san, trong trudng hpp nay hpp ddng dupc coi bi huy.
Neu hpp ddng tang cho dupc ky ke't bing van ban, ben tang cho cd quyen yeu clu ben dupc tang cho bdi thudng thiet hai thyc te do tu chdi nhan tai san. Nhu vay, hop ddng tang cho dupc ky ke't bing van ban cd hieu lyc trudc thdi didm tai san dupc chuydn giao (trudc thdi diem ngudi dupc tang cho nhan tai san). Tfnh chit ung thuan cua hpp ddng tang cho bing van ban con dupc the hien thdng qua viec phip luut quy dinh nhdng trudng hpp ben tang cho cd the tu chdi thyc hien tang cho theo hpp ddng. Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 577, ben tang cho cd quydn tu chdi thyc hien hpp ddng, theo dd ben tang cho se giao tai san cho ben dupc tang cho trong tuang lai, neu sau thdi dierr hpp ddng dupc ky ket tinh trang tai san, tinli trang gia dinh hay tinh trang sdc khoe cua ben tang cho thay ddi de'n mdc neu thyc hien hpp ddng se lam cho cupc sd'ng cua ben lang cho trd nen khd khan han rat nhieu. Trong trudng hpp nay ben dupc tang cho khdng cd quyen yeu clu ben tang cho bdi thudng thiet hat.
Ngoai nhung trudng hpp ndi tren, ben tang cho khdng cd quyen td chdi thyc hien hpp ddng tang cho.
Phap luat cua mpt sd nudc khlc thi bit bupc hpp ddng tang cho phai dupc ky ket bing van ban. Dieu 931 BLDS Phap quy dinh, mpi chdng thu tang cho luc cdn sdng phai dupc lap trudc mat cong chdng vien, theo hinh thdc thong thudng cua d c hpp ddng va phai luu ban chfnh, neu khdng se vd hieu. Viec tang cho luc cdn sd'ng chi rang bupc ngudi tang cho \'l chi phit sinh he qua kd td ngay ngudi dupc tang cho da chip thuan mdt d c h ro rang (Dieu 932 BLDS Phap). Viec tang cho dupc coi la hoan tit ngay khi hai ben thoa thuan cho va nhan;
quyen sd hdu ddi vdi vat tang cho dupc chuyen cho ngudi dupc tang cho, khdng can mdt thu tuc chuydn giao nao khlc (Dieu 938 BLDS Phap). Nhu \ay. cd thd nhan thiy
ring, theo phap luat cua Phip, hpp ddng tang cho la hpp ddng ung thuan, tdc la hpp ddng da cd hieu lyc ngay tai thdi diem d c ben thoa thuan, dieu nay dupc quyet dinh bdi hinh thdc van ban bit bupc .cua loai hpp ddng nay.
Viec coi hpp ddng tang cho la loai hop ddng thuc te hay ung thuan cd y nghTa quan trpng trong nhimg trudng hpp khi cd sy thay ddi lien quan de'n chu the cua hpp ddng.
Viec hpp ddng tang cho khdng dupc quy dinh ro rang trong BLDS 2005 cpng vdi quan niem hpp ddng nay la hpp ddng thyc td da khdng thd giai quyet dupc nhidu trudng hop cd the xay ra trong thyc te. Vf dy sau khi hpp ddng tang cho dupc ky kdt va ben tang cho chet khi tai san chua dupc giao cho ben dupc tang cho. Neu quan niem ring, hpp ddng tang cho 11 hop ddng thyc te thi ngudi thda ke cua ben tang cho khong cd nghTa vu phai giao tai san cho ben dupc tang cho. Tuy nhien, didu nay cd ve nhu se mau thuln vdi d c quy dinh cua phip luat vd thda ke. Trong trudng hpp ngudi tang cho chet trudc ngudi dupc tang cho thi hpp ddng tang cho cd thd trd thanh di tang, tai san tang cho cd the trd thanh vat di tang^. Ve nhdng trudng hop ndi tren, khlc vdi phap luat Viet Nam, phap luat cua d c nudc cd sy di6u chinh rd rang han.
Vf du, khoan 1 U\iu 581 BLDS Lien bang Nga quy dinh, quyen cua ben dupc tang cho theo hop ddng tang cho ma tai san se dupc chuyen giao trong tuang lai khdng dupc chuydn cho ngudi thda kd neu khdng cd sy thoa thuan khlc trong hpp ddng.
Van dd dan gian han khi ngudi dupc tang cho chet sau khi hop ddng tang cho da dupc ky kdt nhung chua nhan tai san. Theo phip luat cua Viet Nam thi ben tang cho khong cd nghTa vu giao tai san cho ngudi thda ke cua ngudi dupc tang cho vi theo
' Dieu 671 BLDS 2005 quy dinh di tang phai dupc ghi rd trong di chuc, theo toi cd le quy dinh nhu vay la qua ciirng nhae. Di tang dupc lap thanh van ban rieng biet vdi di chiic hoan toan cd the' dupc. Mi van de nay tac gia se cd dip ban den trong dip khae.
HA NUdc VA PHAP LUAT Sd 10/200'
Didu 466 BLDS hpp ddng tang cho chua cd hieu lyc. Theo phap luat cua d c nudc, vf dy, khoan 2 Didu 581 BLDS Lien bang Nga, trong trudng hpp nay quydn cda ngudi dupc tang cho khdng dupc chuydn cho ngudi thda kd cua hp ndu hpp ddng khdng cd sy thoa thuan khae.
3. Trong d c hpp ddng cd bdi hoan viec ky kdt hpp ddng la nhlm dat myc dich nhat dinh ma d c ben hudng ddn. Ndu sy vi pham cua mdt ben lam cho ben kia khdng dat dupc myc dich ma hp dat ra trudc khi ky kdt hpp ddng (vi pham ca ban nghTa vy hpp ddng) thi hp cd quydn yeu clu huy hpp ddng. Hpp ddng tang cho cd dac didm 11 d c ben khdng cd myc dich, chi cd ddng co cua ngudi tang cho. Vay thi mdt van dd d n phai dupc llm sang rd, hpp ddng tang cho cd the bi huy hay khdng. Nhu da phln tich d tren, vi la hpp ddng khdng cd sy ddn bu, chi cd ben tang cho cd nghTa vy nen van dd huy hpp ddng, ndu cd the, chi dupc dat ra ddi vdi ben tang cho, bdi le bdn dupc tang cho cd quydn td chdi tii san trong mpi thdi diem trudc khi nhan tai san.
Thdng thudng mpt ngudi nio dd khi tang cho ngudi khae tai san khdng phai khdng vi ddng CO nao dd. Ddng co tang cho cd the khdng gid'ng nhau: mong mudn thd hien vi tri cua minh dd'i vdi ngudi dupe tang cho;
giup dd ngudi dupc tang cho; lam vui long ngudi dupc tang cho; to long bie't an vi sy gidp dd trudc dd; dd dupc ngudi dupc tang cho tang cho lai tai san gil tri hon hay se cd dupc sy giup dd cua ngudi dd sau nay...
Didu 952 BLDS Trung ky quy dinh, tang - du la dd lam phdc, hoac dd ddn cdng, hoac de thudng td, hoac de bit ginh mdt trach nhiem gi. Nhu vay tinh chit khdng bdi hoan cda hpp ddng tang cho khdng cd nghTa la tang cho khdng cd nguyen nhan. Trong mdt sd trudng hpp ddng co nim trong hpp ddng (y mud'n ndi tang cho cd didu kien), tuy nhien trong nhidu trudng hpp khae ddng co nim ngoai pham vi cua hpp ddng. Du dupc bidu hien dudi hinh thdc nay hay hinh thdc
khlc, bing d c h nay hay d c h khae, ddng co ludn thd hien long td't cda ngudi tang cho.
TTieo quan diem cua chdng tdi, mac dd phap luat khdng quy dinh, mac dd cd the khdng nim trong hpp ddng, tuy nhien ddng co tang cho dupc coi la mpt trong nhdng van dd quan trpng va lien quan de'n hpp ddng.
Thyc tidn cd nhdng trudng hpp, sau khi hop ddng tang cho cd hieu lyc, ben dupc tang cho da nhan tai san nhung hp da cd nhung hanh vi trai vdi mong mud'n, tdc la ngupe vdi ddng co cua ngudi tang cho. Vi dy, ngudi dupc tang cho cd nhdng hanh vi xam pham tinh mang, sdc khoe, tai san cua ngudi tang cho va nhifng ngudi thin thich cda ngudi nay; hoac ngudi dupc tang cho su dyng tai san tang cho trai vdi mong mud'n cua ngudi tang cho; hoac trong mdt sd trudng hpp sau khi hpp ddng tang cho dupc thyc hien thi holn canh, tinh trang gia dinh, vat cha't cua ngudi tang cho cd sy thay ddi ca ban va ngudi tang cho lai cd nhu d u ldn ve tai san dd cd the dam bao cupc sd'ng td'i thidu cua minh hoac viec tang cho cd thd xam hai ddn quydn lpi cua ngudi khlc, cda xa hdi...Trong nhdng trudng hop ndi tren phap luat cua Viet Nam khd cd thd giai quyet dupc bdi khdng cd sy didu chinh ro rang. Chi trong mdt sd trudng hpp phap luat cd quy dinh vd vin dd nay, vi du didm a, khoan 1, Didu 43 Luat Pha san 2004 quy dinh: doanh nghiep, hpp tie xa lam vao tinh trang pha san tang cho dpng san va bat dpng san cho ngudi khlc trong khoang thdi gian ba thing trudc ngay Toa an thy ly don yeu clu md thu tuc pha san bi coi la vd hieu.
Khlc vdi phap luat Viet Nam, phap luat cua d c nude** cd sy didu chinh kha cy the nhdng trudng hpp ndi tren. Didu 578 BLDS Lien bang Nga quy dinh: i) Ben tang cho cd quydn buy hpp ddng neu ben dupe tang cho thyc hien hanh vi de doa ddn tfnh mang, sdc khoe cua ban thin ngudi tang cho, thanh
" Xem: Bd Luat Dan su ciia Lien bang Nga, Bd Luat Dan sir Cdng hoa Phap.
VEBAN CHAT PHAP LY CUA ...
vien gia dinh va ngudi than cua ngudi tang cho; ii) Ben tang cho cd quydn yeu clu Toa an huy hpp ddng tang cho tai san neu ben dupc tang cho tao ra nguy ca lam hdng tai san ndu tai san tang cho cd gil tri ldn dd'i vdi ben tang cho. Cung tuong ty Dieu 955 BLDS Phip quy dinh viec tang cho luc cdn sd'ng chi cd the bi huy bd vi vd on trong nhdng trudng hpp sau day: i) Ngudi dupc tang cho da xam pham de'n tinh mang cua ngudi tang cho; ii) Ngudi dupc tang cho ngupe dai, pham tpi hoac chdi rua nghiem trpng ngudi tang cho;
iii) Ngudi dupc tang cho khPng d p dudng ngudi tang cho'. Chung toi cho ring, d c h quy dinh nhu trong phap luat cua d c nudc la hpp ly. Ngudi tang cho khi thyc hien viec tang cho da mong mud'n va tin ring (ddng ca cua ngudi tang cho), ben dupc tang cho 11 ngudi tdt, viec cd them tai san dupc tang cho se lam cho ngudi nay td't hon len. Ndu ben dupc tang cho thyc hien har h \'i de dpa de'n tfnh mang, sdc khoe cua ban than ngudi tang cho, thanh vien gia dinh va ngudi than cua ngudi tang cho khong nhdng thd hien sy vp on ma cdn bj xa hdi len In. \'i vay, dudi gdc dp dao ddc, ngudi dupc tang cho trong trudng hpp nay khdng xdng dang dupc hudng tai san tang cho, tdc la sy uu li va long td't cua ngudi khlc.
Bd luat Dan sy cua Phip cdn quy dinh them mpt sd trudng hop hpp ddng tang cho cd the bi huy. Didu 961 BLDS cua Phip quy dinh hpp ddng tang cho cd the bi huy bd trong trudng hpp con cda ngudi tang cho thanh thai vao luc tang cho. Didu 960 quy dinh mpi viec tang cho cua ngudi khdng cd con hoac khdng cd ti thupc cdn sdng khi tang cho, du gil tri vat tang cho la bao nhieu, du lam bang chdng thu gi, du dd tuong trp
lin nhau hay dd tra cdng, kd d nhifng viec tang cho trong dip kdt hdn ma ngudi tang cho khdng phai la d c tdn thupc tang cho vp chdng hoac vp chdng tang cho nhau, ddu duong nhien bi huy bd bdi viec ngudi tang cho sinh con chinh thdc, du dda tre chet sau khi sinh ra hoac dda tre td khi tang cho la con ngoli gia thu dupc cong nhan la con chinh thdc do hPn nhan sau dd. Trong thyc tien, khdng it trudng hpp ngudi tang cho ngoai dpng co tang cho, cdn cd nhdng ly do khlc khi tang cho ngudi khae tai san thupc sd hifu cua minh. Mdt trong nhdng ly do dd 11 vi khdng cdn ngudi thda ke nen ngudi tang cho mud'n tang cho ngudi khae phan ldn tai san cua minh, tuy nhien sau khi viec tang cho da hoan thanh thi hoan d n h thay ddi va trong trudng hpp dupc xem xet la ngudi tang cho lai cd nhu clu vd tai san vl cln tii san dd nudi duang con cua hp. Neu phap luat khPng cd ca chd didu chinh cho phep yeu d u buy hpp ddng thi ngudi tang cho cd the gap khd khan trong cupc sdng sau nay.
Chinh vi le dd nen theo tdi d c quy dinh tai d c Didu 960, 961 BLDS Phap la rat hpp ly.
4. Tang cho tai sin la mdt trong nhdng hop ddng dupc sd dung phd bien trong luu thong dan sy. De cho viec ky kdt va thyc hien loai hop ddng nay trong thyc tidn trd nen thuan lpi hon, dam bao quydn lpi cho d c ben trong hpp ddng, nhat la trong bdi d n h hien nay, khi m l trong qua trinh xet xd Toi an thudng cd thdi quen quy chidu vao didu luat vl ft khi cd sy giai thfch dya tren tinh thin cua phap luat thi thidt nghT d c nha lam luat cua Viet Nam cung nen xem xet, tham khao phip luat cua d c nudc, dd'i chie'u vdi thyc tidn khi xay dyng d c quy dinh phap luat cho loai hpp ddng nay.
Di^u 978 Bd luat Dan sir Trung ky cung cd each quy dinh tuong tir.
