NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO OOI
Ban ve khai niem xung flot ioi icIi trong quan iie v6i mau tliuin
TS. HO BA THAM
C
alling ta bid't vah dd mau thudn dupc Uid't hpe xua ban nhidu va thdnh mdt vdn de ridng. Nhung vdii dd xung dot, khdi nidm xung ddt thi lai thudng md nhat va khdng tdn tai nhu mpt vdn d6 ridng ma ldn trong khi ban vd mau thudn. Mae dii ta ciing thdy khi ndi vd mau thudn giiia quan hd san xudt vdi luc lupng san xudt, thi CMdc eung dd cap tdi vide khi quan hd san xudt ldi thdi thi xung dot vdi luc lupng san xudt dang phdt tridn, nhung, ehiing ta it chii y ban sau ndi ham khdi nidm xung dot, eoi nd nhu mac nhidn da duoc hidu.Trong khi dd, d gdc dp chfnh tri, cdc tae gia nudc ngoai lai ban vd vdn dd xung ddt (xung ddt bidn gidi, xung ddt vii Uang, xung ddt cdc ndn van minh, xung ddt nhdm, giai tdng...), Uong khi, gidi khoa hpc xa hdi nudc ta lai ft ban va nghidn ciiu vd xung ddt.
Thue ra thi hp da nghidn eiiu mau thudn dich ta trong chidn Uanh chli ft nghidn ciiu xung ddt xa hdi, xung dot lpi fch... Gdn day, vdn dd nay mdi bat ddu dupc quan tam (d cdp dd dd tai khoa
hpc). Va Uong thue td d nudc ta hidn nay dang xdy ra mau thudn, xung ddt lpi fch nhdm, giai tdng xa hdi thi vide nghidn eiiu sau, lam rd trudc hd't vd mat ly luan la rdt edn thid't.
Mau thudn vd xung ddt, hay mdu thudn dd'i khdng va xung ddt, ta vdn thudng nghe thdy hay tham ehf vidt lach vd ehiing, nhung ve xung ddt xa hdi, xung ddt lgi fch, xung dot van hda thi chua nghidn eiiu sau vd Udn thuc td vdn edn khdc nhau y kidn va cdch tiep can. Cd quan nidm cho rdng: "ed thd xay ra xung ddt ma khdng do mau thudn"; hoac xung ddt chi la khdi nidm chfnh trj chli khdng phai la khdi nidm tridt hpc. Hoae mdt so ngudi ehi chli y den nghia den cua khai nidm xung ddt va ft chii y ede cdp dp, khfa canh, miie dp eiia nd.
Xem xet mau thudn vd xung ddt gidng va khdc nhau thd nao phai theo chudn Idgfch vd thuc td lich sir.
Chiing ta bid't rdng, mau thudn theo nghia rdng la khai nidm ndi vd su ddng nhdt dd'i lap, hay su thdng nhdt va ddu Uanh giGa cde mat dd'i lap Uong
mdt hd thd'ng su vat, hidn tutpng'".
Theo nghia hep (Uong so sdnh vdi xung ddt) thi mau thudn la khi thd'ng nhdt chidm uu thd.
Cdn xung ddt la ndi vd mat ddu Uanh giira cde mat ddi lap chidm uu thd vd d miie dp gay gat ndo dd khi ta tam khu bidt nd khdi su thd'ng nhdt. Xung ddt, theo nghia rdng nhdt nhu vay thi Uong tu nhidn eiing ed xung ddt.
Bdi vi mau thudn la qua trinh tu tridn khai, tu gidi quydt: ddng nhdt khdc nhau - thdng nhdt - ddi lap xung ddt chuydn hda sang mau thudn khde. Do vay mau thudn theo nghia chung nhdt ndi trdn la trdi qua nhidu miic dp, qua trinh nhu vay.
Nhung khi ta ndi "mau thudn va xung ddt", la ndi mau thudn theo nghia hep, tiie la liic, miie binh thudng, ehua phdi liic xung ddt, chua ddn miic xung ddt.
Xung ddt va mau thudn vdn cd chung mdt nghia la chd'ng nhau nhung khde d miic dp. Xung dot cung la mdt trinh dp ciia mau thudn - mau thudn theo nghia rdng. V<Di y nghia hep dd, ta cd thd ndi rdng: mau thudn va xung
Sd thdng 12-2011 Ly luan chinh tri & I l u y e n thong
NGHIEN cau - TRAO OOI
clot ihiriflig dien ra co imh lim s(')ng: niiiu Ihuiin xung dot, liii niAu lluiiin. liii xung (KM (ciic giiii tloi.m mAu lluiiin hoac siing iiiiiii ihuAn khiie). Oiiing liiin. mAu Ihuiin giini chii tloiinh nghidp va ngudi liio (long Khi hri ich (quyen l(;ri vd iihrng. biio liidin) bj gi(<i chil xAiii phiini. khc'Mig li(Ki giiii dutx: till xii\ ra tfinh cdng. .Siiu do, CO Ihd igi fch iiguiti lao (long dutX:
giai (|ii\vt. kcl ihiic xung dot.
Nliutig m Cling vdi ihiri giiui mAu ihuiin nicVi, hay hinh thiie man thudn mdi cii niiy lai niiy sinh.
Ndu khdng duiTt htni giiii va giiii quydt llii lai ed the nay sinh tiinh c(Mig, xung ddl m(5i tici") theo...
Xung dpt, theo nghia trid't hgc, ehung nhdt la su Uanh ehdp, bai trit quyd't lidt giiia cac mat dd'i lap. Theo nghia nhu vay, xung ddt, thudng la mpt trinh dp, Uinh dp eao, "phdc ddng" (Hdghen) nao dd eua mau thudn, khi cac mat ddi lap bdi trit ldn nhau, khdng thd didu hda dupe. Xung ddt la khi mau thudn ldn dinh didm, cd vdn dd phai giai quyd't.
Tdt nhidn, dinh didm cd theo timg giai doan ehfn mudi eiia mau thudn, hoac theo nghia la giai doan eudi ciing.
Nhung chiing ta ciing bid't la bai trir, giai quyd't mau thudn nhu thd nao la tiiy theo tfnh chat cu thd ciia timg loai mau thudn va mdi trudng tac ddng dd'n chiing.
Cho ndn khdng phai khi nao ddu uanh giiia cdc mat dd'i lap - xung ddt giiia chiing, cud'i ciing eung ddn dd'n xda bd mdt mat dd'i lap (kidu chidn Uanh chd'ng ngoai xam). Chiing ta thdy cd thd cd
mAu thudn (hay xung ddt) ma hai 111(11 Ay (Icn tir Ihay ddi a miirc iiiio, khdng con nguydn tfnh chdt nhu (u Vii ihay ddi vj tri eho nhau (ciicii niiing xa luii limi thay ddi vj III Ciic giai cip ihdng trj vii bj in). I loac Cling cd mau thiiiin mil kill giai (|iiy(-i thi vAn giu Uii hai nii)! do lrong mini thuiin mdi (mAu Ihuan va chdng irtmg khudn kh() IUKI ihuAn lutmg ddi, hiiy niiUi thudn cii nhAn - tAp thd).
hoiic cung cd niiiii ihuAn khi giai quydt thi hai mat ddi hip ddu
"mdt di" Vii "ehuyen It-n" xuat liic;-!! hai mat ddi lAp mcfi (mAu thuAii xung ddt va chdng sau khi ly dj lai liip vp chdng mdi)...
Nhin chung khi mau tlnuui nay sinh quyd't liCn, nghia la xung ddt. Xung ddt la ddu Uanh giura cdc mat ddi lap rdt quyd't lidt.
Cho ndn khi ddu Uanh ii\ Uong dm dju, hda binh thi cd liic coi nhu khdng xung dpt, hay xung dpt khdng tldng kd. Mau thuiin la ed tuong quiui hai mat: ddng nhdt va ddi lAp, tlidiig nhiit \ ii ddu tranh, thi xung ddt la nhdn manh mat ddi lap ddu tranh tt miirc cao, gay gdt.
Xung dpi, theo nghia hep, hay nghia den (nghia chfnh trj hpc). hay thirdng dimg thi xung dot, nic la Uanh chdp mang u'nh biio lire. Ma theo ngdn ngir thdng thudng la "danh nhau" (cd thd bdng mdm, bdng hinh thurc cudng biic, bdng siic manh vii luc). d day giiia miic dd mau thudn va each giai quyd't mau thudn da triing nhau trong mdt y nghia xung ddt*^'.
Xet vd ndi dung xung ddt thi
ta cd nhiing xung ddt quydn lpi, loi fch; xung ddt gid tri van hda, xung ddt tinh cam, tinh thdn;
xung ddt vc ngdn ngu, xung ddt, bat ddng chfnh kidn.
Xdt vd hinh thirc, phuong thiire giai quydt mau thudn thi xung dpi lil mdt hinh thiic, phutjng thiire: xung ddt bdng bao lire, hay phi b;io luc, lufe bdng hoa binh... Ma bao luc gdm nhidu hinh thurc nhu bao luc chinh tri (bidu linh...), bao luc linh thdn (khung bd tam y, de dpa ga\ ap lire tinh thdn), hay biio luc \ u trang quAn sir). Tiic 1^
CO miui thudn, hay cd thdi ky khdng can thidt giai quydt bdng each thdng qua "xung ddt"(bao luc), ma cd thd hda giai, didu hoa mau thudn a miic dd cd thd...
Do \a\, xung ddt cd thd va can xem xet d nhidu gdc dd, S trdnh ldm ldn khai nidm khi tu du\, phan doan.
Xet vd ban chdt xung dftt la bdi trir, Uanh chdp nhau (bJng sire miinh).
Xet theo ndi dung, ta thdy co xung ddt lpi fch, xung dot v6 quydn, xung ddt vd kinh id, xung ddt van hda xa hdi. xung dOt chinh uj...
Xet theo cdch thiic xung ddt, ta thdy cd xung ddt vii luc, vii trang, xung ddt hda bmh...
Xet vd khdng gian thi co xung ddt trong hd thdng va co xung ddt ngoai he thdng, co xung ddt bd phan va xung dfit toanbd.
Xet theo thdi gian cd xung ddt lau dai, cd xung ddt ngk, tam thdi.
10 Ly lu^n c h i n h tri & 'U'uy&^n thdng Sd'thdng 12-2011
NGHIEN cQU - TRAO OOI
Xdt theo miie dp, ta thdy ed xung ddt CO ban va xung dpt cue bd.
Xdt theo kha nang va hidn thue thi ed xung ddt tidm dn va xung ddt cdng khai- hidn thue.
Xdt vd nguydn nhan ehung, true tid'p cua xung ddt la khdng dung hda dupc (vd quydn Icii).
Xdt vd Hnh vuc thi Uong gia (finh Cling ed xung ddt (tam ly, xung ddt bao lue); Uong kinh td hay Uong chfnh trj ciing ed xung ddt. Do vay, nd'u hidu xung ddt ehi la khai nidm chfnh trj hay quan su la khdng dii hay chua that diing.
Xdt vd chu thd - khdch thd, cd xung ddt ed nhan, xung ddt
^ nhdm nhd, xung dpt giai cap, ' tdng ldp, qudc gia, tian tdc, tdn ' gido, cde ndn van minh... (ed thd ' ed xung ddt thd ehd, nhu xung '' ddt hanh ehinh, khdng rd ehu thd
nhung xet den ciing vdn gdn v<3i
^ ehii thd).
s Cac chu thd Icii fch khi viia cd didm chung, thdng nhdt ^ a cd .i dd'i lap, tidu Uanh vdi nhau thi i nay sinh mau thudn lpi fch. Mau III; thudn loi fch, lpi quydn chi la iJ mdt hinh thiic mau thudn xa hdi
theo nghia rdng. Mau thudn xa [3 hdi ed thd mau thudn vd nhan i thiic, tinh thdn, nhan phdm, hoac ir; vd quydn luc, quydn lpi, lpi fch, if nhung CO ban vdn la mau thudn o(( lpi fch, nhdt la lpi fch kinh td.
^ Mdu thudn lgi ich*\ Trong Jl qud tiinh thuc hidn hoat ddng thuc tidn va sdng, Uong khi thuc CJ hidn lpi fch thi lam nay sinh cac 1^1 mau thudn lgi fch, xung ddt lpi
fch giiia cae chii thd vdi nhau
theo cdc cdp dd nhu giiia cae ed nhan, cae nhdm xa hdi, cae tdng ldp, eac giai cdp, eae dan tpc, qud'c gia vdi nhau. Cde "nhdm ngudi" hinh thanh trdn co sd nhdt Uf vd lpi fch xa hdi thi gpi la nhdm xa hdi, lpi fch chfnh trj thi gpi nhdm chfnh trj, Icii fch mdi trudng thi gpi nhdm mdi trudng, Icri fch kinh td thi gpi nhdm kinh td... Nhiing nhdm nhu vay ed thd chfnh thiic hoac phi chfnh thiie, ed td ehiire chat ehe hay ldng leo, lau dai hay tam thdi. Trong dd, mdi nhdm eung ed cdch thiic ridng dd thue hidn hay bao vd lpi fch eiia minh. C!ae nhdm lpi fch khde nhau ed thd mau thudn, xung dot vdi nhau Uong qud tiinh tim kidm lpi fch.
Mau thudn xa hdi (xa hdi ndi chung, rdng hon Unh vue xa hdi) ed nhidu loai nhu mau thudn Uong npi bd nhan tian, co ban khdng mang tfnh ddi khdng, tiie ed thd didu hda dugc; va mau thudn ddi khang mang tfnh djeh - ta giiia giai tdng b<3c lot, thd'ng tri va giai tdng bj bdc lot, bi trj.
Mau thudn ddi khdng ndi ehung la khd hay khdng didu hda dupc vd thudng xdy xung ddt gay gdt bdng bao lue, vii lue. Nhung cdn chli y la mau thudn ddi khang nhung ed liic tam thdi vdn ed thd didu hda, hda giai dupe vd lpi fch.
Vd mau thudn khdng ddi khang nhung cd liie bj ddy tdi mdt each cue doan hoac do ke xdu lpi dung cd thd nay sinh ddi khang, xung ddt va ciing cd liic do mau thudn bi kim ham vd ly, cham hay cd tinh tri hoan thi ciing cd thd xdy ra biing nd, xung ddt.
Do vay, ddi khdng va xung ddt ciia mau thudn, tuy cd quan hd vdi nhau nhung khdng hdn la mdt, ma dd Id nhirng tfnh chdt hay phuang didn khac nhau cita mau thudn. Dd'i khang vd tfnh chat xudt phdt tit ban ehdt co ban ddi lap nhau cua cde mat trong mau thudn xa hdi ma M fch vd CO ban khdng thd didu hda, edn xung ddt la hinh thiic hay mdt phuang thiie, trinh dd ciia mau thudn (da'u Uanh la chfnh) khi nd ud ndn gay gdt, khd didu hda.
Mau thudn ddi khdng thudng khdng trdnh khdi xung ddt.
Nhung khdng phai khi nao nd eiing d trang thdi xung dot.
Nhiing mau thudn khdng ddi khdng, trudc day ed liic hidu rang nd khdng ed xung ddt, nhung thuc tidn cho thdy rdng, tuy ed tfnh tam thdi, ed bidt, ed liic nd ciing cd thd xdy ra xung dot khi lpi fch khd, hay khdng didu hda dupc (thuc td vdn cd dinh cdng Uong doanh nghidp nha nucDC d nudc ta viia qua).
Xung dot xa hdi la su Uanh chdp, bai Uir quyd't lidt giiia cdc luc lupng xa hdi khi mau thudn khdng thd dung hda dupe ("vi nhiing mau thudn ddi dich".
Dudi gde nhin trid't hpc chfnh tri thi "Xung ddt, la su va cham, ddnh nhau, Uanh gidnh giiia nhiing nhdm ngudi, tap doan ngudi hay giQa cdc qudc gia, dan tde vi nhQng mau thudn ddi dich vd tu tudng, y thQc hd, vd quydn lpi vat chdt, vd tdn gido, chiing tdc hay lanh thd, v.v.."*'"
Xung ddt lpi fch xay ra khi eac bdn Uanh chdp vd lpi fch ma
Sd thdng 12-2011 Ly luan c h i n h tri & IVuy^n thdng 11
NGHIEN Ciru - TRAO OOI
mdi bdn bj Ihic:'! hiii lir Ix'ii kia vii kha nang khd hay khdng thd hew giai, dieu hda dutie lrong mdi thdi didm niio dd. Ndi ngiin gon, xung dpi lpi ich lii su tranh cliAp quydt litM lpi ich (quydn Itti ndi chung), do CO the Id Itti ich cii nhan, kri fch nhdm, lt;i ich giiii cdp, lpi fch qudc gia...
Trong liip ehf IVitH h(K sd 6 (229) 2010. cd bai vict Xung ddl van hda ciia TS. Phiim Thai Vidl, vidt "Xel vc ban chat, mtii xung dpi xa hdi tltHi bdt ngudn IU sir khac bidl va khdng dung htrp vc quydn lpi giua cdc chu ih(> vd mai tuong liic"'' Theo chiing ldi khdng chi "khdc bidt, khdng dung hpp" ma thue chdt Id xung khdc vd quydn Icri.
Theo nghia hep (nghia chfnh Ui hpe), xung ddt, hie Uanh ehdp mang tinh bao lue thi cd hai loai finh hudng mau thudn lam nay sinh xung ddt, ndn cd thd gpi mdt khdi nidm chung la "mau thudn xung dpt" (dinh cdng cua edng nhan phdn ddi chii vi bdt hpp ly vd luong bdng chdng han). Nhung cung cd trudng hpp mau thudn khdng ddn tdi ddi dich, cd thd didu hda dupc, khdng hoae ft ddn tdi xung dpi bao luc, thi gpi la "mau thudn khdng hoac ft xung dot, hay khdng cd xung ddt gay gdt, cdng khai" (vf du, giua ngudi lao dpng d cac doanh nghidp vdi gidi chii d nhQng noi hdu nhu khdng xay ra dinh cdng, bai cdng).
Theo chiing tdi quan nidm, nhin chung, nhdt la d gdc dp nhdm, giai tdng, qudc gia thi hdu nhu khdng cd xung ddt lpi fch
di'rng ngoiii niAu thudn, hay khdng cd xung ddt Itri fch ndo khong ed tinh niAu thu An, hay nhu mdi giiii dt)iin ciio ciia mau IhiiAn. Nhin U'ing quiit la lliiiy cd Ifnh pli() bidn Id xung ddt xay ra Id tk) mAu thuAn Inr nen ddi djeh.
Cd t|iiiin nidm cho rang: "cd thd Xiiy xung ddt mii khdng do mAu thudn" Gia su nd'u ed trutmg hop nhu Ihd Ihi chi lii ca bidl, ngdu nhidn (chiing hiin "xung ddl"- tai Iliin giao thdng giQa hai lai xe.
Co the day la lojii "xung ddt"
nhu mdt tai niin, nhung tu tai nan cd thd nay sinh mau thudn). Khai nidm "xung dtii" khi tie cap d cdng trinh nghidn cQu eua chiing tdi khdng theo nghia nay. Vd cac tai lidu iQ didn cung khdng djnh nghia hay xem xdt xung ddt loai nay. Ndi ehung, khdng cd xung ddt lpi fch (mang tfnh xa hpi) nao ma khdng cd tfnh chdt mau thudn, khdng iQ mau thudn.
Mifc dd vd hinh thuc cOa cue xung dot lgi ich. Xung dpt cd nhidu loai va nhidu miipc dp.
Xung dpt gay gdt, kem gay gal, rdt gay gdt. Cho nen khi ndi .xung ddt khdng nen chi quy vdo mdt hinh thifc cao id cd vii life, hay .xung dot nghia Id cd do mdu (.xung dot vil trang/ qudn su).
Mac dll thuc id xung ddt (danh nhau) bdng vu trang cue bd dang ndi ldn Uong ddi sdng chinh tri thd gidi.
"Xung ddt cd thd dQng lai d mQc "chidn Uanh lanh" vdn dd dupc giai quyd't thdng qua ddl thoai, hod giai nhung cung cd thd biing nd ldn thanh nhung cudc du da bang bao luc, thdnh nhQng
cudc ndi ehie'n hay chidn Uanl bidn gidi ddm mdu, nhdt la nhiinj xung ddt vd tdn giao va sde tdc"""
Do bat ddng vd quydn hay la fch, khdng thuong lupng dupc mdt bdn phai kidn ra tda giai quyd't la mol loai xung ddt. Xung dpi nhu vay khdng cd xd xat nhung eung kha gay gdt. Nhung cung do xung khdc dy ma hg bidu tinh ddng ngudi la xung ddt gay gdt. Chang han, vdn dd Uanh chiip (bidu linh, khidu kidn, xd xat) vc da't dai khi ticn bu, giai tda khdng thda ddng da vd dang xay ra d nude la (lidn quan tdi nhung ngudi bj thu hdi, ddn bii, chfnh quydn. chii doanh nghidp).
Cdn ndu hai bdn xung khdc, bdt ddng vd Ipi fch, nhung hp mdi phdn ddi bdng ldi ndi, vdn bdn ma chua ed phdn ddi bdng life luang ddng ngudi, hay xd xat hay chua dua nhau ra tda, thi goi la xung ddt tidm dn (thudng nhin nhan d miirc mau thudn).
Xung ddt can ban nhdt, sau xa nhdt trong xa hdi la xung d6t ItTi ich, nhat la lpi ich kinh td', loi fch chfnh tri. Nhung cd nhiing xung ddt khdng true tidp vd lpi ich. Nhu do xam pham, xue phiun nhan phdm, quydn con ngudi, vd tap tuc... ma nay ra xung ddt. Hoac vd van hda, co khi cung cd xung ddt giiia gia tri uuydn thd'ng va gia tri hidn dai.
CQng cd trudng hop ngudi ta dung tQ xung ddt dd chi trang thai mau thudn gay gdt. Cho ndn, phai tfnh dd'n ngu canh, bd'i canh ciia ngdn ngQ ngudi ndi.
Cdc loai xung dpt it nhidu ddu dan xen vdi nhau, ft cd tinh
12 Ly l u $ n c h i n h tri & l^ny&^n thdng So thdng 12-2011
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO OOI
thudn Uiy mdt loai. Trong mdt sd trudng hpp, ehung eung cd thd chuydn hda ldn nhau khi cd didu kidn.
Xung ddt lpi fch cd thd la lpi fch mdi trudng, lpi fch an sinh xa hdi, lpi fch kinh td... Trong linh vuc mdi trudng, Uong Iinh vue xa hdi eung ed lpi ich kinh td'. Lxri fch ndo quy ra tidn dupc la lpi fch kinh td hay cd tfnh kinh td. Do vay khi ndi xung ddt "lpi fch" la ham y xung ddt cd tfnh kinh td', hay mang tfnh kinh td (vf du, (finh cdng Uong doanh nghidp, hay khid'u kidn ddng ngudi vd nha ddt).
Xung ddt trong gido due vd y td xdy ra khi vide thu vidn phf qua bdt hpp ly hay thu hpc phf qua cao, hay gay ndn thidt hai vd eon ngudi vd kinh td'ma hai bdn khdng thucmg lupng dugc. Trong Enh vue ndy cd khi xung ddt khdng hoac ft mang tfnh lgi ich true tidp nhu trd thu thdy hoae thdy trii dap Ud thi cung nay sinh xung ddt nhung Id vd khfa canh quydn hoac nhan phdm. Cdn phan bidt cde loai mau thudn hay xung ddt nay. Xung dot vd mdi trudng ciing cd mat lidn quan tdi lpi fch kinh td (gay thidt hai vd nudi udng thiiy san) nhung cung cd mat lidn quan tdi sQc khde, tuy sQc khde cung cd khfa canh kinh td (sinh bdnh thi mdt tidn chQa Ui), hoae d nhidm ddng sdng thi eung tuong tu nhu vay.
Ndu nhQng thidt hai dy ma hai bdn khdng thuang lupng giai quydt dupc, cudi cung phdi bidu finh phan ddi hay khidu kidn, dua nhau ra tda la xung ddt.
Ndi dung thudng dung ciia khai nidm "xung ddt" la ndi ttM cd xd xdt, Uanh chdp ldn, iham ehf ed khi ehi dung theo nghia cd va cham bdng bao luc (ed vu Uang hay khdng ed vu Uang).
Day la hinh thQe xung ddt didn hinh, rd net. Nhung cung ed mdt sd dang xung dpi "dm dju",
"ehid'n Uanh lanh" (hay ngdm ngdm, nhu kidn ra tda an), nhung vdn chQa dung nhiing bung phat gay gdt, nd'u bj kim ham hay tri hoan qua lau, hay bj kfch ddng.
Vf du, giQa thd luc tham nhung vcDi nha nudc va nhan dan hidn nay. Trong gido due va y td eung cd nhidu xung dot kidu ngdm ngdm hay dm dju kidu nay.
Nhung xung ddt hpe dudng thudng khdng dm diu.
Theo ehung tdi, vd co ban, khdng thd xem xdt khdi nidm xung dot tach khdi khai nidm mau thudn. Su phan bidt giQa chiing cung chi cd y nghia tuong ddi. Nhin xung dpt mdt each phi mau thudn la khdng thuc td va ciing khdng bien ehiing. Vdn dd chi Id mau thudn ngdin ngdm hay edng khai, mau thudn nhu mdt tidn trinh hay bi nit ngdn ma thdi. Hon nua khdng the tach rdi mdt hidn tugng xung ddt khdi cdi tdng thd hd thdng cua nd du gidn tidp hay true tidp.
Xung ddt trong thd gidi duong dai ciing khd phong phu vd phQc tap. DQ rdng qud Uinh tidn hda eiia loai ngudi cung thudng gdn lidn vdi xung ddt vd giai quydt xung ddt. Theo nghia hep, nghidn cQu, giai quydt xung ddt da cd khoa hpc ridng: "Xung
dpt hpc" (hay ly thuyd't xung dpi). Nhung ndn van minh cua nrong lai hudng tdi thd gidi hda binh, ddng thuan, doan kdt, hai hda hon. Hdi hda ddng thudn vd xung dot la mpt cap pham trii tuang duong. Nhung hai hda ddng thuan vdn ed mau thudn.
TQ day lai xudt hidn "hai hda hpe"
Tdm lgi, ehiing ta phai phan bidt nghia rdng va nghia hep eiia khdi nidm mau thudn va nhdt la khdi nidm xung dot vd eae gde dp eua khdi nidm xung ddtO
1. Contradiction (mau thuSn): Trong logic cd diln, mftu thuin bao g6m m6t su khdng tuong thfch hop ly giiia hai hoac nhieu menh 6i. Ngu6n: wikipedia.
2. Conflict (xung ddt): Xung d6t la m6t phSn ciia su bSt hoa gSy ra bcri su phan dd'i thuc te hoac nhan thiic ve nhu cdu, gia tri va Icri ich. Mdt cuoc xung dot CO the mang tinh ndi b6 (trong pham vi chinh minh) hoac bfin ngoai (giua hai hoac nhilu ca nhSn). Xung ddt la mdt khai niem cd the' giup giai thfch nhilu khfa canh ciia dcri s6ng xa hdi nhu bSt dong xa hdi, xung ddt vl loi fch, va chien (Mu giiia cac ca nhan, nhom, hoac t6 chiic. VI chfnh tri, "xung ddt" c6 thi thaiy qua cdc cudc chie'n tranh, cudc cdch mang hoac cdc cudc da'u tranh, c6 thi ben quan de'n viec sit dung vu luc nhu trong cac cudc xung ddt vii trang, ching han. Nlu khdng cd bd' trf xa hdi phii hop hoac giai quylt, cdc cudc xung ddt 6 cdc xa hdi cd thi ddn de'n cdng thing hay cdng thing giiia cdc ben lien quan. Ngu6n: wikipedia.
3. Cd ngu6i dung theo nghia xung ddt loi fch conflict of interest.
4. TO diln Bdch khoa Viet Nam.
5. Tap chl Trilt hoc, sd 6.2010, tr.55.
7. TO diln Bdch khoa Viet Nam, 2000). http://dictionary.bachkhoatoan- thu.gov. vn/default.aspx?param= lF28aW Q90DY3MSZncm91cGlkPSZraW5kPW V4YWN0JmfleXdvcmQ9eHVuZyslYzQ 10TElZTElYmDOT10&page=l)).
Sd thdng 12-2011 Ly luan chinh tri & Truyen thong 13