TRAO oOi Y KIEN aatat
BAO I S N GAU LONG fil£N
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NHCTNG VAN D E CAN N G H I E N ClfU GAP DE THlTC THI
KS. VO DlfC THANG
Ngifdi phat ngdn cua UBND TP. H^ Ndi viJa ISn ti^ng de nghi td chiJc hdi thdo rdng rai nham dl xu^t cac phuTdng an tdi ifli dd' thtfc hifn chi thi vl B&o ton Ciu Long Biin ciia Thii ttfdng Chinh phfl.
De CO the kfa^n trtfdng thtfc thi, cin btn bac di sau vao cac giai phap cu th^ co thi lam difdc, sao cho phii hdp vdi hoan ednh thtfc te va khd nang thtfc Itfc.
I. NGHIEN CLfU LAM RO CCf S 6 CHO CAC GlAl PHAP KHA THI, B 6 SUNG THAY DOI PHAP QUY VA TIEU CHUAN XAY D^NG DE TH^/C HIEN CAC DIEU MONG MUON
Ngay tuf muc tieu va phUdng phap bdo tin da cin phai lam ro difdc ring se bdo ton mot cSy clu sdng vdi cong nang va su'c manh tuf tudi thanh xuSn ciia no, dl cho no sdng mai vdi Thu do, hay la bao tdn mdt cay clu gia nua bit life nhiT mdt cd vat, hoac la cdi chg" ddi dang d l dung no vao viSc khac...
Da tiirng co nhieu cay Clu Long Bien theo nhilu phien bdn kilu dang khac nhau.
Dau tien la cau Long Bien thdi Paul Doumer 1902.
Sau do la cac kieu dang ke't clu qua cac ddt tan trang gia cd.
Tiep den la rit nhilu kieu dang kl't cau thay ddi theo tijfng chien dich tin cdng ciia Khdng quan My nam 1967, 1968, 1972 da
I s6 3 nam 2014
tufng ghi dau cac gidi phap thong minh sang tao va sU hy sinh anh dung cua cac ky svf cau dirdng cung vdi cdng nhan va nhan dan Thii do Hd Npi. Nhiing hinh dnh lich suT oai hiing qui gia dd da khdng bao tdn tren thUc dia dtfdc.
Va cay cau cdn lai ngay nay la kieu dang va vat lieu cua thdi ky hau chiln, diTdc cdi tao gia cdbd sung thao dd nhieu iln.
Nam nhip clu cdn lai ngay nay
ciing chi con lai hinh dang vl dai thi, cdn kl^t cau thtfc chat da chap va cdi chd va han ghep chap ndi bang rit nhilu vat li6u tdn thdi vin ban trdn thi tru'dng dufdng dai.
Bay gid thi Cau Long Bien hien tai la nhu'ng mdnh v9 khdng id ciia lich suT diTdc chap ndi tam thdi, nhif mdt ngifdi thifdng binh gia nua van cdn thu'dng xuydn chiu md xe khdu va de gom het Stic tan ganh d9 trong trach qua
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Cdc giai doan tdn phd vd khoi phuc cdu Long Bien cdn dugc phuc hien bdo ton
Siic nang nl la duy tri mach mau hao mdn gi set, phdi thifdng ciing dang tic nghen cua Thu xuyen su'a chifa, bd sung thay do. Tit cd diu dang keu ciJu va thd' sdn phe't lien tuc bang vat mong chd khin d p gidi thoat. hdu hidn dai.
Vay thi chiing ta bdo tin cai gi, Ichdi phuc theo phidn bdn cau nao, gidi phap thu'c hidn ra sao la dilu quan trpng cin lam ro, va cd rat nhilu each khac nhau cin chpn lufa thoa dang.
Trong thifc td', mdi cay clu diu la mpt vdt the sd'ng. Nd khdng gid'ng nhif mdt manh bat ba't bie'n de tnfng biy trong tu kinh, mpt tda nha kich thifdc vto phdi, mpt biJc ttfdng binh yen trong mpt qudng trufdng do thi.
Mpi cay clu diu duTdc sinh ra, CO thdi thanh xuan manh me, co thdi gian lam vide rdi met moi, chiin siic va lao hoa. Nd cin difdc thu'dng xuydn nu6i difdng va CO liic cung suy yd'u, phai tuf trin vi khdng du tieu chuan an toan theo phap luat.
Cung nhif con ngifdi, khi cham soc cdy clu phai tinh diing dp moi, dp tii bid'n, do lao hoa va
c l u Long Bidn da bi pha hoai, phdi su'a chifa chap va, tinh trang ky thuat cua nd da xudng d p nhilu iln so vdi chuan mifc an toan.
Sinh ra va tdn tai mdi cdy cau phdi tuan theo he thd'ng phap quy difdng thdi.
Mdi khi xa hdi thay ddi di len, nin phap chd' phap quy difdc cai td, van minh tie'n tdi, tlu xe nang xuit hidn, nd deu phdi du'dc sufa ehu'a thay thd', ghep thdm cha't lieu mdi de ludn theo kip ydu clu difdng dai.
Vi vay khdng thi bdo tdn mdt cay clu ma khong can thiep, cai bie'n, gia cd, thay thao, ldm no thay ddi chat Ueu mlu sac ban diu.
Cin lam ro nhiing tien le va ly thuye't chuydn nganh cho vide bao ton mpt cdy clu ludn sdng vdi cdng nang va su'c manh ciia
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nd, hay la bdo tdn nguyen trang thi the mpt cdy cau gia nua bat lUc, hoan cdi cho nd lam vide khac.
Ne'u mud'n xay nha bdo tang chdng dd bao che nd, hodc cho ngifdi diing ldn hay di lai trdn cay clu thi bat bude phdi gia cd'bd sung tang cifdng chd'ng dd sdn phd't bao qudn nd theo ludt xdy dyng difdng thdi.
Hanh ddng can thiep dd tit nhidn lam nd trd thdnh san pham cua thd' ky 21, tat nhien khdng eon nguydn trang cd vdt.
Bdo tdn the' nao, ldm sao thifc hidn dufdc, la dilu phai nghidn ciJu lam rd d l cd cac gidi phap thyc te' khd thi.
Phai tai sinh hdi phuc de bdo tdn toan ven cudc sd'ng thanh xudn cua nd d l nd ludn ludn la cay cau cd gid tri suf dung, hay bdo tdn hinh dang oai hung thdi chie'n, hay giiJ lai than xdc gia nua tdn ta, ma khdng sdn phe't bang cac ldp sdn hidn dai, hay phdi ldm cot try vd nhd kinh giii gin nguyen trang nd?
Cdch nao thi ciing phdi can thiep bang vat lidu vd quy chuan xay dyng ldm nd thay ddi, khdng the gii? nguyen trang nhi? mpt hien vdt trong tu kinh.
Cin phdi lam ro luan ciJ, muc tidu, khd nang, mu'c dd, phifdng phap bdo tdn, phdi bd sung thay ddi phap quy va tidu chuin xdy dyng d l chpn du'dc phifdng an thyc hidn cac dieu mong mudn.
Yeu cau bdo tdn nguydn trang nguydn mlu Id dilu kho khd thi.
II. PHAI KHAN CAP THAO DOf V^T CAN d CAU LONG
So 3 nam 2014
TRAO 0611 KIEN tatas
BIEN CU DE TRA LAI THUY MACH CHO THU o b Sing Hdng la Long mach vi dai cua Ha Npi.
Bdo tdn gin giff Long mach nay cdn quan trpng Ididng kem gi bao tdn mang sd'ng.
Cau Long Bidn tuf hdn mot tram nam tnfdc da cd' gang Ididng xam hai dong chay ty nhidn cua thuy mach nay.
Ddng chii Sdng Hong khoang 1000m nhifng khi xdy clu da khdng bop hep ddng chu ma md rpng tdi 1680m bao tron mpi khd nang ddi ddng de cho ddng song thdng sudt tiiy nghi ben Id ben bdi.
Tren sdng cung chi cd 18 try chid'm dung chilu ngang la 18 X 4m40 bdng 79m20, dp chid'm dung long sdng bang 4,7%.
Lich suf chiJng to trong 110 nam diy bidn dong, ddng Sdng Hdng chay lang thang trong chau thd cua no vin khdng h i de doa xdi Id md' cau vd nghieng lech cac tru clu. Dd Id mdt thdnh cdng dang tran trpng trong nghd thudt xdy clu.
Tuy nhidn vl giao thdng difdng thuy thi cao dp ddy dim dl^n nay khdng thoa man Quy hoach phat trien du'dng sdng cin difdc ndng cao tdi thilu Id 3m.
Nha nu'de da co mpt hd thdng luat phap nghiem ngat de bdo ve de dilu, ddng chay.
Tuy nhien Cau Long Bidn khi bi tdn pha thi cac dd'ng dd nat ciia nd vd cac try cau xay chen chi chit da hien nhien vi pham phdp luat ve xay dyng ve thuy
Nhirng tru cdu kenh cdng tho kech chen nhau bop nghet ddng song
Idi vd thuy van giu'a trung tdm Thii do.
Nhd nufdc da bupc phai chdm chifdc cho vide ndy bang each bd sung nhSng phap quy dac biet, cho phep nganh Du'dng sat dufdc tam thdi han chd' ddng chay trong tinh trang khan ca'p thdi chid'n ty luc nhiing trai bom diu tien sap rdi trdn Miln Bac.
Nay chid'n tranh da liii xa cac phdp quy ridng cho thdi chil^n khong thi keo ddi Idu qud trong hau chie'n.
Dilu do cd nghia Id phdi pha bo hd't cdc chu'dng ngai vat llh chidin xam pham ddng chay Sdng Hong trai vdi phdp quy hidn hiiu.
Ma thdo dd cac kd't d u xdy chen di thi dtfdng nhien cai nguydn bdn gid yen cua clu Long Bidn cu khdng the dfing vffng. Ne'u cd giii lai mpt doan, thi cflng phdi cdi tao chap vd td'n kem thdm nhilu ma van khdng the ndo giii difdc nguydn bdn gd'c.
Day Id khd khan rang bupc vd td'n kem gdy nhilu phyc tap cin gidi quyd't.
III. BAO TON CANH QUAN DO THI THANH BINH NHl/
XtfA, HAY BAO TON CANH QUAN DIEU TAN DO NAT CU MCfl CHEN NHAU Dd la mdu thudn kho Idian md nhieu do thi thdi hau chien deu phdi tranh luan de chpn lya.
Khep lai dau thifdng, hay Itfu luyd'n tan tich chien tranh dd'n myc nao diu phdi xem xet cu thi ty thyc td', de can ddi khdng gian vd thdi gian giffa hoai niem vd sdng thyc.
Lam gi cho con chau thid't thyc hufdng tdi tifdng lai, de thdi gian lim luyd'n vd cong syc tai Men hodi nidm dd'n myc ndo vd khep lai qud khy dd'n myc ndo la cap pham tni mau thudn cin gidi quyl^t thoa dang vd phu hdp.
Da cd phifdng dn dl xud't giii lai c l u Long Bidn cu rdi cai tao thdnh clu di bo. Phai cai tao va sdn phd't mdi todn bp, phai tuan theo 18 van bdn Phap quy xay dyng vd them kid'n nghi bd sung sufa ddi bp Khung Tidu chuan nhd nufdc va chi ma't 3.175 ty ddng, khie'n no trd thanh cay
I so 3 nam 2014
• f # # ! TRAO OOl Y KltN
Cdnh quan song Hong thay doi khi co 2 cdu gan nhau
can mdi xdy cua Thd'ky 21.
Dong thdi dl bdo tdn di sdn huyd't mach Id tuyd'n difdng sat cd xtfa, ndng cd'p thdnh dufdng sit trdn cao lai phai ldm them clu mdi bdn canh md't 4.000 ty ddng din bu gidi tda vd 7.000 ty ddng xay cau.
Hai phufdng an diu khd thoa man ydu clu bdo tdn canh quan do thi ty thud xa xifa. Ne'u dich xa hdn nffa cho giam dnh hu'dng dd'n nhau thi lai ba't Idi ve hifdng tuye'n vd khd gidi toa da't dai.
Di vdo thyc td', viec bdo tdn theo kidu each ndo ciing cin du'dc can nhac ky de can dd'i dung hda cdc mdu thudn trong mot mat bang tdng the.
Viec lya chpn giffa Bao tdn canh quan phong thuy Sdng Hdng, bao tdn hai ludng tuye'n huyd't
mach va thiiy mach ciia dd thi, va bdo tdn mpt cdng trinh dyng giffa giao dilm cua nhttng mach sd'ng do dffdc dung hda dd'n mffc ndo la vd'n de cin xet ky.
IV. B A I HQC Tl/
STALINGRAT VA DIEN BIEN PHU: BAO TON CO QUY HOACH CO KJCH BAN VA CO CHQN LQC
Toan bp thanh phd' Stalingrat tufng Id chien tnfdng dim mau vd di tich chid'n tranh, in ddm chid'n cdng lich suf. Vay ma Ngifdi Nga khdng thi giff nguydn d l bao tdn nguydn trang todn bd chien trydng.
Cdc cdng trinh do nat du'dc phd dd de kien thid't lai tren ddng hoang tan. Ngffdi ta chi giff lai mot sd trpng dilm tidu bilu vd tap trung cao dp Id ngon ddi ac Uet nhd't de Itfu giff hidn vdt
vd tdi hien lai toan cdnh chien trifdng lich si/.
Todn bd thung lung Dien Bien Phu vd vung phu can cung diu Id chid'n trufdng, ddu ddu ciing ddu ghi diu chid'n cdng vd xifdng mau.
Vdy md cung khdng thi giif nguyen toan bd chien trffdng de ldm lifu niem bdo tdng. Ngifdi ta chi bdo tdn lai nhffng trpng dilm tidu bilu.
Do thi mdi phdi tdi thid't ngay tren ddt dai pha trdn mau xifdng vd khdi lufa.
San bay Didn Bien Phu tffng co nhilu cdng sy ghi nhilu chid'n tich cac tran danh oai hung, dim mdu vd cd tdm quan trpng quylt dinh cho chid'n dich, nay cung phdi san bang xdy lai thdnh sdn bay dan dung hidn dai ddi rpng
So 3 nam 2014 I
TRAO ooi y KISN ataaa
dep hdn xtfa.
Vdy thi Clu Long Bidn du tffng Id mdt chid'n trufdng ac lidt, tffng ghi nhilu da'u d'n tam Unh cung phdi bdo tdn vd tdn tao the' ndo Id tdt nhd't, vdi mdt cdy cau ldn ddi khdng kem chilu ngang trung tam dd thi cu thi lam sao cho can dd'i vdi Trung tam Hd Ndi xifa la vdn dl cin xet ky.
c l u Long Bidn cd the hoc tff each bao tdn sdn bay Dien Bidn Phu, de gdi y xem xet cac phifdng an thid't kd' thyc thi.
Dd Id nhttng vd'n dl cin tranh ludn lam rd.
IV. THAM KHAO KINH NGHIEM THANH P H 6 HO CHI MINH, HQC TAP Tl/
CHUA MQT CQT
Nhiihg khd khan ciia vide bdo tdn mpt cay cau cd da dffdc giai quyet thoa ddng d TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Dd Id cay Cau Md'ng cd xffa vd tuyet dep d trung tdm thdnh phd, tffng dffdc in trong Gily Bac Viet Nam vd gan liin vdi lich sff va tdm linh cua Sdi Gdn tff thdi xa xffa.
Khi Can Md'ng bi thdi gian pha hoai, cd nguy cd sup dd, khdng dam bdo dffdc phdp quy vl an todn dd thi hidn dai, da dffdc thdnh phd' cho phuc chd' lai nguydn gd'c.
Bdi hpc phuc chd' Chua Mpt Cot - Thang Long Id mpt thyc te dang hpc.
Chua Mdt Cot - Thang Long bi pha hoai thang 9 nam 1954.
Hd Npi da khdng bdo tdn di vdt do nat ciia ngdi chua cd, ma bdo tdn nhffng gi con sff dung dffdc rdi phuc che' d l Iffu truyen cho hau the' mot kieu ddng cua lich
I So 3 nam 2014
sff vd cdt Idi cua bdu vdt. Dilu dd khdng hi ldm cho ai phdi ban Idioan nhuf cd nhd khoa hpc da cho rang phuc chd' la xdy md hinh mdi dl tdn vinh mo hinh dd.
Hpc tap Chua Mdt Cot d Thang Long, liy bdo tdn cdnh quan vd kilu ddng ldm muc tieu, dd'n nay TP. Hd Chi Minh da khdi phuc lai canh quan sdng nffdc ciia khu Bdn Nghe dep de nhff xffa. Chd't lieu cd cua dim clu khdng cdn, phai loai bo vi dai cue phdi bdo ve nhffng cai ldn hdn, nhffng kilu dang, thdng sd ky thuat vd di vdt cua md try van cdn Id cd vdt dffdc giff gin.
Nd'u clu todn, ydu clu tuyet dd'i qua se khdng thi cd cdnh quan c l u Md'ng thanh binh vd dep de nhff ngdy nay.
VI. XET "rHEM PHl/ONG AN LAM HAM CHO Dl/C(NG SAT VAN DIEN - GIA LAM Mdt gidi phdp dl trdnh nhiiYig van dl phffc tap cdn dang bd ngd Id vide xay dffhg mdt dffdng him qua Sdng Hdng cd thi Id rat gin Cau Long Bidn dd'n hd't mffc cho phep dl han che gidi toa.
Vide bdo tdn cau Long Bidn cu thd'ndo se trd thanh dy dn dpc lap.
v l ky thuat, dp dung cdng nghe xdy dyng metro, ldm him chui dffdi dat hay dffdi sdng la cdng nghe dang trien khai 6 Hd Npi vd TP. Hd Chi Minh, khdng cd gi qud sffc hodn todn cd the thyc thi.
TP. Ho Chi Minh da ldm him qua sdng Sdi Gdn khdi cdng doan nglm tff Nha hat thdnh phd dd'n chd Bd'n Thdnh la nhffng tiln Id d l cd the ldm ngay Ham Sdng Hdng.
v l chi phi, cung tffdng dffdng
vdi mdt doan metro trong ndi thanh ddi chffng 2 dd'n 3km, khdng dat so vdi cau cao.
Hieu qua cua vide lam ham se tranh du'dc khd khan phffc tap cho vide Bdo tdn Cau Long Bidn cu.
Him Sdng Hdng se gdp phan khdi thdng huyd't mach vd bdo tdn thuy mach cho Thu dd.
VI. KET LUAN
Vide phuc che', khdi phuc, gia cd', trung tu, tan trang, sdn phe't, hoan cdi, ldm md hinh, hay giff nguydn hidn trang dd nat cii ky diu Id nhffng cdng vide hang ngdy d l bdo tdn cdc cdng trinh tuy theo hoan canh nhu cau vd khd nang thyc td'.
D I bdo tdn cau Long Bidn khan trffdng xay dyng cac phffdng an cu the theo cac each ldm trdn dl so sdnh, ddnh gia vd lya chon thoa dang.
Trong do cd vide xdy Ham Song Hdng Id gidi phap khd thi dl tranh khd khan cho vide bdo tdn clu Long Bien cu.
Tide rang cdn mdt dieu thilt thyc trong tim tay Id xdy dyng ngay mot Nhd Iffu niem d dau clu Long Bidn dl bao tdn nhffng tff lidu hidn vat quy hid'm vl lich sff c l u Long Bidn dang ngdy cang thd't lac ma cung chffa dffdc quan tam day du.
Dd la vide phdi ldm gd'p de dat nin mdng xdy dffng nha bdo tdng, de cd thi tai hidn lai chdn thyc vd cd he thd'ng tffng bien cd'Iich sdng dpng, lam diem tya phdt trien lidn tuc nhttng hoai niem tdm linh qua khff •