BAO LL/C 6 PHU NO

BAO LL/C 6 PHU NO

cAc TINH MIEN NUI PHIA BAC

M i via siiiuns sd lieu khao sal ciia de tai: 77i* tfo cfia phu nif bi bao luc gia iinh doi vil sut khoe Hnh than: Nghien lOu tn/dng hgp a cac bnh mien nui phia flic do Wen Tam ly hpc chu Iri, PGS.TS. B6 Ngoc Khanh Iam chQ nhiem

PGS.TS. Dd Ngpc Khanh

Tnrdng phdng Phdng Tdm ly hgc ldm sdng. Vien Tdm ly hgc.

TOM TAT

It • /i""''"'""'""''" r^lP'''''Bdc la nhdm phu nScd nguy ca cao bi bao luc vd kho can thiipid van hda chdp nhgn vd che day bgo luc di bdg vi hinh dnh gia dinh Nghien cuu 622 phg nil vol ludi Irung binh Id 40.75 a cdc linh miin nil phia Bdc duac thay O'lejhunu cac ttnh miin nil phia Bdc cd muc dg bi bgo luc cag han phu ni a cdc tinh dongbdng noi Chung trongdo. bgo luc Hnh Ihdn Id ldn nhit. liipdinldbao luc the choi. xa hgi. tmh due vd kinh ti.

Tfr khoa: Bgo lire gia dinh: Bgo lvc phu nU: Bgo luc .\'gdy nhdn bdi 9/612016; Ngdy duyil ddng bdi- 25/8/2016.

I.fijtvande

nhto „ ^ ^ t T " ' ' ^ . ' = ! : ^ " / •»*• '^o ti™ q u a n t t p n ^ c t a gia dinh vd h t o nhan nhmig bjo Ipe gia dmh vin xdy ra phd bito, b i t chip dd chinh Id nguyto ehto ? , t • r ".''"' ^ "'""• " ' "8^'™ "" " ' ° "h^y- ™ 5 ngudi php ntt ctau A till CO 2 ngum ttai nghifim b j o lpc gia dinh. Trong nhdm phu ntt chdu A till van de bjo lvc gia dinh d edc nhdm d t o tpe tfiiiu sd djc bifit nghifim trpng kh. gia tt. eua nguoi phu ntt khong dupc ddnh gia cao bdng ngudi d t o ong (Hlee,'

9*"= n * i « n cuu chi r a r i n g , bao Ivc gia dinh d i lai he qud tifiu cue k i c d mroc md, va lau ddi^ B j o luc gia dinh Idm cho phu nu bi tfin tfiuong v i sue khde nhu b, tfiupng. dau d j day, khuyfit tat, dau m t o tinh (Knig et. al., 2002) Bao7ve c ^ m ^ ^ ' ' - ^ ™ ' * ' r" '^ '"" " * " "^i" * ^ " h " '^''"'" ' » 3u, trim' cam earn tfiay vo vpng ton tfiuong sau sang chan. cd y mdng va tiiu m sat (Andrews va Brown. 1988: Asttn et. al., 1993: Krug el. al.. 2002; Tang. 1997). dnh hudng

TAPCH(TAMLyHC)C,Sd9(210),9-20!6 25

Tfti

idu ddi din sp phdt min tdm Iy cfla con cdi. Trfi em chiing kifin bao lpc ttong gia dinh cd nguy co cao vfi cdc vin dfi hdnh vi, tinh cam va cdc than phifin visuckhfie tfli chdt (McCIoskeyet. al., 1995; Jounrileset al., 1989). Trfi em ttai chflng kifin bjo lvc ttong gia dinh cung ttog nguy co sfl- dung bao Ivc khi chung trd thtoh ngufiri ldn (Krug et. al., 2002).

6 Vifit Nam cd nhifiu nghifin cfl-u ve bao Iuc gia dinh vd ty Ifi phu nu bi bjo Iuc gia dinh cung rdt khac nhau tuy thupc vdo phuong phdp nghten cflu va khach thi nghifin cuu, cflng nhu vung mifin (Do Ngpc Khanh vd Bahr Weiss, 2014). Mdt si bao cdo cho thdy ty lfi bjo Ipc d cac vflng mifin nui phia Bdc la cao (Trung tdm Nghifin cdu Gidi, Gia dinh vd Phdt mfin cpng dong, 2006), ttong khi chua cd nghien cdu thpc trjng phu nd bi bao Iuc gia dinh d cac vun^ nd^. Nhu vjy, vdn dfi phu nO bi bjo Ivc gia dinh d cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac rdt dang dupc quan tam nghien cuu.

2. Co sd 1^ luan, phirong phap va quy trinh nghien cii-u

Theo Ludi Phdng chdng bgo lire gia dinh, bgo lire gia dinh bao gfim edc hdnh vi cua mpt hoac cac thdnh vifin ttong gia dinh dung vdi muc dich ldm hji mpt hojc nhieu cd nhdn khdc sau ddy:

a) Htoh hj, ngupc dJi, ddnh djp hodc hdnh vi cfi f khdc xam hji din sflc khde, tinh mjng;

b) Ltog ma hojc hdnh vi ci •} khdc xflc phjm danh du, nhto phdm;

c) Co Ijp. xua duoi hojc gay dp Ipc thudng xuyfin vi tam I^ gdy hju qua nghifim trpng;

d) Ngdn cdn vific thvc hifin quyin, nghia vu trong quan he gia dinh gitta fing, bd vd chau; gifla cha, mp vd con; gita vp vd ching; gitta anh, clii, em vdi nhau;

d) Cudng ep quan hfi tinh due;

e) (;uaiig fip ldo hon; cudng ep kit hon, Iy hon hodc cto ttd hfin nhdn tp nguyfin, tien bp;

g) Chifim doat, buy hoji, djp phd hodc cd hdnh vi khdc ci y Idm hu hfing tdi san nfing cfla tiianh vifin khdc trong gia dinh hojc tdi sdn chung cfla cdc ttitoh vien gia dinh;

h) Cudng ep thtoh vifin gia dinh Iao dpng qud sue, ddng gdp tdi chinh qud khd njng eua hp; kifim sodt thu nhjp cda thdnh vifin gia dinh nhim mo ra tinh ttjng php thufic vfi tdi ehinh;

i) Cd hdnh vi trdi phdp ludt bupc thdnh vifin gia dinh ra khoi chS d.

Trong nghifin cflu ndy, chflng tdi dpa vdo khdi nifim ttfin di dua ra khdi

26 TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9 - 2016

mem phu ntt bi bao luc gia dinh. Phu nft W bao lvc gia dinh la phu nu bi nhttng n p o i ttong ^ dinh, bao gom bd me vd chdng cd nbung hdnh ddng de doa gdy han ve tiie chat, tinh due. tinh tiito, xa hdi vd kinh ti ddi vdi ngudi phu nu.

Khdeh Ihi

u- u . ^ ^ \ *^ ^ ^ 8'* "^'•'™ "^ S«ni 622 phu nu da kfit hfin. mdi ttung htnh 40,75 (tfiap nhat la 18 vd cao nhdt Id 75). d Qutog Ninh, Lao Cai! Ha Giang L'to quan dfin ninh dp hoc vjn, 7,3% s6 khach tiifi cd ttmh do ttmig cip tto len, 39,1 /. so phu nu chi tot nghifip ttung hpc phfi tiidng, 37,0% s6 ngudi chi to ttinh dp ttimg hpc CO sd, 10,7% sfi ngudi chi hpc hfit tifiu hoc vd 5,8% sfi khdeh the khong bifit chu.

u , J S ? ^ !"^"'''''" "'' '^•^°''° ' ^ phy ntt d nhd Idm ndi tta, 7,6% sfi phu ntt vfi 7^1 l i V ° P*"" "* I™™ h.™ tv do, 28,3% sd phu ntt lam cdng to luong, cto Iji 39.7% so phu nft Idm nghfi nong.

(

,h,.' 1 !;!?^j" ' ™ ? ^ ^ *""«''"' ^•^^ ( • ' ^ 8 ^° ™Sn tiiujt gidi quyit mdu ^{Thang do} Uiuan) da dupc su dung rpng rai tii ndm 1972 vdi su fliam gia cta hon 70.000 khach tfie nghien cuu da djng vfi vto hda va dupc su dung tfidnh cdng d it nhdt 20 quoc gia. Tliang do cung da dupc sfl dung d Viet Nam cho tiifiy cd dd tin cdy cao.

ITiang do CTS gom 46 cau hdi vfi muc dp tfiudng xuyto ngudi chfing cd hdnh vi bjo lire doi vol nguoi vp (0: khdng bao gid; 1: 1 ldn; 2: vdi ldn vd 3? nhifiu iJn) vd xd hfii " ""'^ * ^ ' ^^^'- "•* **•• *^ "^^ '''"'• '^- ""h due v„v- • ^ S lo muc dp eta me ching bjo Iuc dupc fliifit kfi dfi do mta dd tfiutog xuyen mc hojc bo chong cd hdnh vi bao lpc vi tinh tfjn, tiii chit dfii vdi con dau dd nhrr^^K-'i,'* f * ' " - . ™ '''^'" t™"? hinh cta timg tifiu tfiang do dfi do muc

nttk;;toh'tSrv!^'i'°"°^^"^'"'™"«''"''''-"':'''°'^^B-c^c

nhin , h ^ "I!^ % '^ "^ "''" "" •"' h?o Icc d tung djng, Chung tdi ctag dtag phuong

^ a p tfiong kc dem tat ca nhdng ngudi phu nu bi it nhdt mpt lin bi bjo Ipc p tuni 3. Ket qua nghien cih.

3.1. Thtrc trang chung cua phu nO bi bao lire

o„h- ^'^"f- .' " " * ^y '^° ¥ ' ' • ™ ™''"'° "*" t^ng sfi 622 khach tiifi dupc nghiai cm. da mng ttdi qua it nhit mot dang bjo Ivc do chfing ho gay ra So stoh vo, ke, qua nghito cuu cdp dp qudc gia (Di Tliuc vd Hendil ioi0) vdi 5 8 ^ ^

TAPCHfTAMLyHpC.S59(210),9-2016 .^n

phu nfi bj bao lire cho thiy, ty le ph\i nfi cr cac tinh mien niii phfa BSc bi bpo lvc ia cao hon so voi toao qu6c. Nhir tren da de cap, cac tinh mien nui phia Bac cd nhi6u dan tpc sinh sfing, dSc biet la dan tfic H'Mfing, voi van hoa ngircri vgf la t^

san cua ngiroi chdng, vi v|iy ngucri chong co quyen day bao. DSc diem vSn hoa nay dS gdp phan cung cd h^nh vi b^o luc.

• Khdng bj b^o i(ic M Bj bgo Itre

Bieu d6 1: Ty 14 phv nu bi bgo l^cc

BA ching bpo lire Mc ch&ng bQO Inc D90 lire rh^ chit B ^ lire rmh rhin

Bgo lire kinli ti lo.«

1 ^.84

BTB

1 1 1 1 1 1 7 «

1

1 —1 ^J210

4,04

3 7 1 8 ^

1 1

Bleu aS 2: Mtic dp phft nU bi bgo lire

du™ tri^nVh^M'/^f-1"° ^"d •"* P''^ "** "•™8 mlu khdeh ttii ttdi nghiim S D T O - 7 m t - I' • 1 ' ^ ^ I""' ^^ " ^ f "i "»<> '^« ^« 'i"h ttiin Id cao nhJt (DTB - 7,18), dung tfiu hai Id bjo lpc vi tfii chit (DTB = 4 04) tiin ttieo Id S ^ r l r i i ' ^ b ' ^ ' ' ' ™ . r ^-^f). ^ " d^ 1^ bao lvc vi k U ti (DTO ^^

bi/tnp ching bjo Ive nhit. Kit qud nghito cuu phi hpp vdi kit aud cta cde nghito cuu dittudcdnudc ngodi vdVifitNamdd cdng b?b;^lvc.inhtfitlufit 28

TAPCHfTAML'i'HpC,Sfi9(2IO),9-2016

pho bien hon bao Iuc thfi chat vd cdc djng bjo luc khac. Bao Iuc tinh thdn tfiudng khon^ de IJ, vet tiiuong ttivc tiifi md chi di lai vit tfiuong tinh'tiidn cho nan nhto ma vet ttiuong tinh tiito tfii tiiudng khd nhdn ttidy. Do vjv. ngudi gay ra bao Iuc hiem khl bl ttung phat, dito nay vo tinh cflng cfi htoh vi gay bao Iuc. Doi khi do van hoa, nguoi dto dng khfing y thuc dupc nhflng Idi minh ndi cd tfii gdy tdn thuong cho nguo, v„ yd hp khdng y tfiuc dd Id bao Ipc tinh ttldn, vi vay ho cd xu huong tfie hien nhito hon cac dang bao luc khdc. Cu ttifi tung dang bao Iuc sfi dupc ttmh bay ttong phto tifip tfieo. o • & . .

3.2. Cdc dang bgo luc gia dinh Bgo luc tinh thdn

Cd 60,1% sfi phu no dd tiing it nhJt ttdi qua md, hinh Uiuc bao Iuc linh toi va CO den 45,9% sd phu ntt bi tu tai djng bao luc tinh ttidn khac nhau To len. Ket qua nay mpt Ian nta cho tfiiy, ty 16 phu ntt bf bao luc tinh ttiin Id rdt khac nhau ttong nhung nghito euu khdc nhau. Vi du, con sfi ndy tay it hmi con

™ i H I Phdn"' ' n ' - ' " . ' " ! " ^ " ' ''™« "8^'^" ^™ <""* ™ " 5 tinh tfidnh ThL ^- ™ ».? P l ^ " ' " ^ ^'"^' ^*"? ^^'- Q"^S Ngai) vdi cung tiiang do.

Tieo do, 79,8% sd phu ntt da tung it nhat mdt lin W bao Ipc tinh ttti^ vd cd din h ^ , r T-^''"°'^' """ "'^" "'!'™ ' ^ ™ "hiiu dang khac nhau vd cao 52 0 / . so php nu b! bjo Ivc tmh tfito o Vifi, Nam. Tuy nhito, khi so sdnh v6i kit IZlfT " " "," ^,' *™« ""'^ *"" " " " ' " 'V^ 'i"h tfidn (Vi du, HoftmL et al SweJ, ! I f ^ • ; ' - ' ^ - •'•"""S- 2""3; Ramer. 1998; Smitf,.' 1987; Sttaus vd

S t S g d^^ '^'' ^"""^ ""'' •" "* "^ "8^- <=- "'y ^« "^

Bdng 1: Ty Igphu nit trdi nghiim sd hinh ihuc bgo luc linh Ihin So hinh tbte bao lire

Tv If (%) 0 39,9

I 14,2

1 12,7

3 9,4

4 6,9

5 7,9

6

4,5 3,3 1,2 ehiVi h ^ K ^ ! ' t " ' J ' " ' ' *™ ™ P''y "* l^' "ghifim la bi qudt nat, ljng ma chu, ta choc tuc, ha thap. de dpa vd ddi xu Ijnh nhat, trong do, qud na, Itog raj h ^ c lam gl do de choc ttic chifim ty lfi cao nhdt, cd 42,9% si phu ntt bj c h C itog mj va chpc tuc, 34.2% sp php ntt hi qudt nat. Khi duoc hdi vi cdch dfi"i xd cua nguoi ditog mdt njt, nhto cta bjo Ipc ehia sfi: -Ching em luo" c M b« em Id do ngu. den not em chtog ddm Ijm gi vi cu sp I4m sai" Hay nhu mdt phu ntt

TAP CHf TAMWHOC, Sd9 (210), 9-2016

29

'm

ngudi H'Mdng ehia sfi: "Chdng minh di ddu ttii di chu cu vfi nha la chui, chdng bao gid ndi dirpc mpt cdu tfl tfi".

Bang 2: Ty le phu nU bi bgo lire linh Ihin (N, %)

Cic binh tbirc bf 0 l|rc tinh thin ml, nguiri phy nil uni qun

1. Chdng l&nj, mti ho^c chui bOr 2. Cb6nii 1 ^ %i (16 de chqc tuc 3. Ch^e qtr^l hay n^t np 4. Chdnjt 10 vi ddi xu m$t c&ch lanh nh^t 5. Ch6ng d$m chin mpr cich gi^n dQ di ra kbdi phAng hay khoi nhi hay sin 6. ChAng doa sC dinh ho9c n<!m gi dd 7. Chdng phn huy dd dac 8. Chdng g9i vo l i dd b ^ j hay xiu xi 9. Chdng budc Idi vp la ngudi tinh l&i 10. Mc chdng quit nai 11. M I ; chdng lang ma hay chili 12. Mc chdng de dda sS dinh 13. Bd chdng quit nai 14. Bd chdng ISng ma hay chiii 15. Bd chdng de dda dinh

Tinh ti^ng phu nil bj bad life

rinh thin

(%)

Khdng bi 57,1 57,1 65,8 72,6 71.9

80.3 79.5 84.8 89,4 77,6 85.6 95,5 87,7 89.1 96.0

Bj b90 lUT 42.9 42,9 34,2 27,4 28,1

19,7 20,5 15,2 10,6 22,4 14,4 4.5 12,3 10,9 4,0

Mih: dd thirimg xuy&n bj bao 1 ^ tinh than

(% tren l&ng miu)

< l i n

127 12.3 6,7 7,4 7,6

6,6 9,4 5,2 3,1 7,5 4,0 2,1 5,2 5,4 1,4

VSi i i n 19.9 22,4 18.7 13.8 14,2

7,3 6,6 4,8 3.9 9,9 71 0,7 6,0 4,6 17

Nhiiu lin 10.3 8,2 8.8 6.2 6.3

5,8 4,5 5.2 3.6 5.0 3,3 17 1.1 0,9 0,9

BTB

0,83 0,82 0.71 0,54 0,55

0,38 0,36 0,30 0,22 0,42 0,28 0,09 0,20 0,17 0,07 1 Hinh tfiuc bjo Ipc tinh than theo kiiu chiin tranh Ijnh nhu Id di vd ddi xfl Ijnh nhjt cflng dupc khfing it ngudi ddn dng miin nfli phia Bdc su dung vdi vp cua minh (27,4%). Mpt phu ntt ngudi H'Mdng ehia sfi: "Chdng minhcd bo nfin nd chtog^quan tam gi dto minh, nd cu di suit ngdy, vfi Id ngfl chtog hdi gi din vp con . Kieu bjo Ipc ndy van dupc gpi Id chiin tranh lanh, nd gay ra khfing khi njng nfi, ctog Ihtog, Idm nhifiu ngudi php ntt hoang mang, so hJi, rit dl din din roi lojn Io Ju. = . . ,inh ,hJ^*° ^'^ l!"' ^^.1^' " * *^" " S^P ^°" "hu djp phd di dac di uy hiip unh ttiin ngudi php ntt (20,5%), Idm cho ngudi php ntt cdm ttiiy ,u ti vi bdn thai.

30 TAPCHfTAM LV HOC, S«9 (210), 9 - 2016

minh (15,3%).

Inth'X^"".^ * • " " " ' ""^ "•* *™ ^ S "^ "hu dc doa sc ddnh vi^

con ton tat khi co khotog 4,5% php nft bdo cao dd timg ttdi qua. '

cta milh Tb'^** f ? V."* "^hf' P"^-"*'^ ''i ^° 'V' thih ttldn bdi ngudi chfing Z i ^ L f b f "^^ u- "? ^™ ^ . ' ° P^V "<* « ' ^ g hi bao luc tinh tiiJn. s I nguoi b, bo me chong bjo lpc tinh tfito khdng nhiiu, tay nhito vin cto tdn tai.

Bgo luc ve the chdt

Bdng 3: Ty li phu nu trdi qua sd hinh thuc bgo luc thi chdt So hinb tfaue

b a o l ^ TJI«(%)

0 49,8

• ²

20,5 1 6,9 3 4,2

4 3,6

5 IJ

6 1.8

7 3,3

8 1,9

9 >10 0,9 1 5,8 -n,«, I' '^i!.''"lP.h™ ""^h tfiing kfi cho tfiJy, cd 50,2% sd phu ntt da tung it nhdt

mpt lan tta, nghiem mpt trong cdc dang cta bao Iuc tfii chdt l^di ngudi ching cda phd. h°to S „ T ' ^ H * ""•'" " ^'" '»." '^ "" ">' ™ ' vd He'ndn. (2010) dd n S f i n c f l l t t t o r r ' ' ' " " ' ' ™ « ' ? " « ' " ' ^ ^

S™ t V r T- P*^™," " "™'^ vd ctag cao hon con sfi ma Di Ngoc Khanh

chT,^S^n;'^^''^""^'^.'*'"'•''™^'""™•^9h«"•='^

, .™ P"V n» (B tta, nghiem mfit hmh tfiuc bjo luc vd 1/3 sd nhu ntt da tt*i qua tu ha, hinh tt.uc bao Ipc ttd Ito. Nhu vdy cd .hi ttidy phu ntt cdL 0^™^,^

nu. phia Bdc bj bjo Ipc tt.fi chdt nhifiu hon php ntt ndi chung ttong cd Too .dt (21 S-ltfnt^0*1°!" *^ ? ¥ ^ P"- " * P " ^ ^ "^"iu nhifiu nhdt Id bi ching Zll . = , ? ^ "*/™S " " ^ •=*""• """8 ''* «.5% - hi mfit ldn vd 13,3%'- bi vdi I™ va nhieu lan) Kfit qta ndy hoto toto phfl hop vdi nghito cdu ttJdc ddy cta t n r ; ^ ' " " t ? " ' ' " ° '"' *^ P"^' P"^ ^ « " "hat ^""g S g t o u ma nhu n ? " T K^'?^ """ P"*" "'^''^S ''*"8- phv "<> -nifin nfli Trung Nam Bfi ma php ntt cac tinh m.to nui phia Bdc cung bi chfing tat khd nhiiu.

,-i .u "'".''**'^ hjo luc thfi chdt phi biin ttiu hai Id ddv hav xfi div (18 l%i tifip tfieo la ddnh/<H/djp (15,8%.sfiphp ntt da tflng ttdi nghifim, tton^dd z'/fid 1 1 " J- 2 " \ * " ' = P"" ".'^ * " ' " '* "^ vjt cd i i ga; tfiu™; t S vdo ngud^, sau do ddm hay danh btog vat cd tfii gav dau ddn 17 w !A ! - u^

Cdo ..ng hp dd tdng ttai qua. Cd'B.3% s d ; h 7 n ? b J o ' S o ' ^ g t " b f t i : r m tim hojc CO dau vet sau khi bi chdng ddnh. Kit qta phdng vdn sau duoc Wnh b ^ duoi day ,a btog chung vfi bao lpc tfifi chit md n ^ d i %, „tt cdc tinh m i t ndi

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC.Sd9(210),9-2016

phia Bdc tiai nghifim: -Danh la chuyin binh thudng, bj hang ngay. dau lam" (php ntt H'Mfing. 35 tadi); ~IChi em mang Ihai. chdng em da cdm dien thogi nem vdo bung em. Co lin em dang di trin dudng ve nha. chong em da danh vao ^ay em ldm em quy xudng' (php ntt Kinh. 32 tadi) yd "Chdng minh ddnh minh bdng mpi thu gin lay" (phu ntt H'Mdng, 39 tadi). Kit qua nghifin cdu cho tfidy, ,y 1$ php nu cdc tinh mifin nui phia Bjc bdo cdo bi bao lpc ttifi chit it hon so vori ly Ifi phu nft d 5 ti'nh tfianh trong nghien cflu ttirdc day cia chflng tdi. Su khdc bifit nay chua cbdc da Id do hifin ttang bao Ipc thfi chit d cac tinh mifin nui phia Bic it xdy ra hon so von cdc vtag mifin khdc. Rdt cfi tfifi vto hda coi bao Ivc Id vific rifing cua gia dinh nen phu ntt ddn tpc tfiiiu si phia Bdc cd xu huomg che gidu. khdng bdo cdo tiung thpc.

Bdng 4: Ty li phg nU bi bgo luc thi chdt

Cic hlnh Iht^ ban lm; thi chit

i Chdng l i l 2 Chdng dinh/di/dap J Chdng diy hay xd diy 4 Chdng ndm vjl cd ihi gfly thuong tich vio ngudi

5 Chdng dim hay dinh bing v|l cd thi giy dau ddn

6. Chdng dinh giy vit di&m Ilm. bi bong gin hay vit dit nhd

7. Chdng dinh gty cim giic dau cho din tin hdm sau

8 Chdng vin ray hav xoin rdc 9 Chdng dinh cho b| Ihuong to. Chdng d i su dung dao I I . Chdng da bdp cd 12. Chdng cd ^ ddi hav lim bdng 13. Mc chdng diy hav dinh i 4. Bd chdng div hav dinh

Tinh trang phy nil bj bao lu^ Ihi chil

(%)

Khdng bj 78.2 84.2 81,9 84.8

87,3 86,7

87,0

87,6 90,3 93,9 93,1 97.6 97.4 97,6

Bj b^o lire 21.8 15,8 18.1 15.2

12,7

13,3 13,0

12,4 9,7 6.1 6,9 2,4 2,6 2,4

Mtrc dd IbudTi bj b^o 1 (% tren t i n Mdt l i n 8,5 2,4 7,3 4,5

2,7 3,3

4,3

3,9 3.1 0.9 3,3 0,6 1,2 I.l

V i i l i n 8.8 8,2 7,6 5,5

6,1

6,1 4,8

4.6 4.5 3.4 2,4 0.3 1,1 1,0

g xuyin fe

miu) Nhiiu

l i n 4,5 5,2 3,2 5,2 3.9

3,9

3,9 3,9 2,1 1,8

0,3 BTB

0,40 0,34 0,32 0,31

0,27

0,27

0,26 0,25 0,18

0,04

32 TAPCHfTAM Lf HOC, Sd 9 (210), 9 - 2016

c h i . ( c h l T h o : Z ^ " " ' ^ "'' ""''^ " ^ ^ •*' " " ' "^ - ^ '='•^"8 " ' O '^= v i titfi ttrone J ^ l ' f V"^ 'I "''• "•" f ' ""* ™ ^ ""' P " ^ ''*'= h' -chfing bjo Ipc tfifi chi.

S rhir r 1 u " ^ ™ P""^ "•** "" ' "8«^ hi chfing dtag bao Iuc tfifi chdt t t t ^ t i c h ' ^ " - " " " ! « * ' ' ' * ' ' ' ' ' ' ' • ^^"*°'*'^"'''«"h hdng vatcdtiii gdy thuong tich. Nhu vjy, phu nft cac tinh miin nui phia Bjc cung rti nghifim cdc

h;£S:2^i:;d^^Si;f-^---'^---^<Nan^dhinf:;^;^

Bgo luc tinh due

Bdng 5: Ty le phv nO trai nghiim sd hinh thiic bgo luc tinh dgc So hinh thuc

b^o lire tinb due Tyll(%l

0 70,4

'

13,3 2 3,9

3 5,2

4 1.8

5 .,8

6 0,9

7 2,7 nude ttto th J f ^l ^^ ' ^ ° ' ' ' ' ^ ' ' " » " ll«= anh due tin tai d nhiiu nuoc tten tfie gioi va gdy dnh hudng dto sta khde cta phu nft Cudng bdc ttah buLTd^ T' t " ' " " "•'' ''""'.*'^^ " ' " 'V^ '•« vdi ph'v ntt, no S g chi S S )n2^d^ f ' J ? ™''^ ''•* ' " ^ ™^ hp. Tuy nhifin, mot nghito cfluTnh l u l l ttudc day cho tfiay, vfi nhjn tfiuc, chi cd 25,0% sfi phu nTvifit N^m duoc ^ ! Gi« r • T t f " ? S .""^ ^' '* '•*?h vi bjo lvc gia dLi (Tmng tto, N ^ X c t a Gioi, Gia dinh va Phdt trifin cpng ding, 2006). B i^n ngnien cvu Php ntt Vifit Nam nhdn tfiflc vfi bao Ivc tinh due cdn tf.do vi ouan nifim cua mp, so ngudi cho rdng quan hfi Hnh dvc Id ttdch nhifim cua n t « r d 6 'v^

chong. Hay nd, cdch khde, ngudi dto dng Idy vp di quan hfi tinh d l H a sinh con V, vjy nguoi phu nft phai phuc vp tinh dpc L chfing mufin. Tr™7s6™622thrh vlx!t\r^''^T°''"'^ "''"°''°^^-"' "' -^hangbat u c L d u e

^aS^rSfi^^irtsftijs^H nr^Ci^^:;^^:^s^Ss^d=^^

con sfi tiling kfi ttto thi gidi (Do, 2014). '^"""^ ""h 'h^h, song nho hon

TAPCHfTAM L?HOC, SS9 (210), 9 - 2016

Bang 6: Ty li phu nit bi bgo luc linh due

Cic hinb thlte bao luT tinb due

i.Epbudcquanb^tinh due mi khdng dimg bao eao su mie dii ngudi vo khdng mudn 2. ^ budc lim gi dd iifn quan din rinh due mi ihay bi iim nhuc hoic Ihiy ghe tijm 3. Cd nii quan hi tinh due khi vo ktidng mudn 4. Phii quan h$ Iinh due vryi chdng vi SQ niu khdng chong s2 lim gi dd Idi le 5. Nii lim gi dd ii£n quan den tinh due mi vo thiy ring bj lim nhuc hoic thay ghe tdm 6. De doa d i bit quan h i Iinh due 7. Phai quan hi linh due vdi ehdng v) so niu khdng chdng se ra ngoii. .

Tinh trang phu nir bj b^o l,re linfa due (%) KhSng

90,3 91.5

78,2 87,3

93,0

93,4 88.8

Cd

9.7

8,5

21.8 127 7,0

6,6 11,2

Mijc dd t h u ^ g xuyin bj b^o l|rc llnb due (% tren tdng mlu) , l i n

1,8

1.5

4,5 3,3

1,5

1.5 1.8

V i i l i n 4.8

4,3

11.8 5.5

3,4

3,0 5.5

Nhiiu l i n 3,1

2.7 5.5 3,9

2,1

2.1 3,9

DTB

0,21

0,18

0,45 0,26

0,15

0.14 0.24

Bgo luc kinh ti

Bao luc kinh tfi Id hinh thflc kifim sodt vfi tdi chinh nhdm Idm cho ngudi php ntt bi php thupc vdo ngufiri ching vi mjt tai chinh, khiin cho ngufiri phu nfl khfing ttifi sing dfic Ijp. td dd khong thfi rdi bd ngudi chfing. Ngudi chfing ndm gift kinh tfi Id mp, ttong nhftng Iy do khifin mpt si ngudi php nft khong thi Iy hdn, mfic dfl hp bj ehdng bjo Iuc. Nfiu Iy hfin, hp khong co tdi sdn vd khfing tiifi bai ddu cufic sfing, hp da hodn todn php tiiupc kinh ti vdo ngudi chfing.

^ Kit qud nghifin cm eho thiy. ed 26.9% si phu nft bi bao Ipc kinh tfi, ttong dd mpt nfla trong sd hp trdi nghifim tfl hai djng bjo Iuc kinh ti trd Ifin.

Bang 7: Ty li phg nu trgi nghifm so hinh Mec bgo luc kinh li So hinh thirc bau l^v kinh te

Tvlc(%l

0 73.1

1 13.9

2 8.8

3 2.1

4 2,1 Djng bjo lpc kmh tfi phfi bito nhdt Id ngudi ching tu chfii dua dfl tifin cho ngirdi vp chi tieu mjc dfl hp cd du (16,6% sd php nft ghi nhto), tiip din Id ngudi chong bupc vp phai bdo cdo chi lie, sfi lien ma hp chi ,ifiu (13 0%) cung cd den

T/^PCHdAMLVHOC, Sd9 (210), 9-2016

10,0% so phu nu b, chong budc cloa hg, tito cho chtog gio, ttidm ,e hon, cd dfin 6 6 /„ so phu nu pha, xin phep chdng khi mudn dtag dfi dac ttong nhd. Cd ngudi phu nu noi chong hp khdng bao gid dua tien cho ho chi tifiu. Nhu ^ ax hinh tfiuc bao lpc kmh te khdng phd bito bang cdc hinh tiiuc bao luc khdc nhutfifi chd. vd tinh than, tay nhito phu ntt cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac cflng ttdi nghifim hinh tfiuc bjo lvc nay. " '

Bang 8: Ty le phu nir bi bgo luc kinh li

f

Hinh tfadc b^o tec kinh le

1. Buoc vgr phai dua h^i i icn cho ch6ng gia

2. Tir chfii dua dii ti^n cho vg chi tiSu gia dinh tn$c dii chdng co dir ti£n 3. Bupc phai bao cao chi t i ^ so l i ^ VCT diiii£u

4 Vg can xin ph6p chong de dOng d&

d^c trone nhA

Tinh trjng pho nfr tn bao lor

kinh t^

(%)

Khong 90.0

83,4

87,0

93.4 Cd 10.0

16.6

13,0

6.6

Miie do tfairimg xayia hi bao 1 ^ kmfa K (% Iren tdng mln) It

khi 3,9

4,5

3,3

1.8 Nfaien

kfai 2.2

4.5

5,8

1,8 Thircrag

3,9

7.6

3,9

3.0 BTB

0.20

0.36

0,27

0,15

4. Kit lujn

T> Ic php nft cdc tinh mifin nfli phia Bac hi chfing bao hdnh tuong dii cao Z h ^ " ^ h ' " * • DK " " ^ " ' f '*°"« "*•? ™ "?™S tag vdi ty lfi phu ntt bi bao hanh tten the gioi. Php nu b, bjo hanh nhito nhdt Id vfi mdt tinh tfito, sau dd din dtohlS^ a!" -'• t" '""'' **" *"" ^^ ""^ '=''^' ^ ^ S 89P "hi. Id to, dim, iMi b^fhtoT ^'' """^ " "^ • ° ''^'' ''"* '^'^ '^ ^ '* **P '*^' ''""S ''«"

Jy 'f PjlM "0 cdc tinh miin nui phia Bdc bi bfi hojc me chdng bao luc vi tmh tiian va tiie chat la rat tiidp vd thudng khdng phdi Id vdn di dtoi lo ling.

Tai lifu tham khdo

! „ ; ^ ' ^ ^ - ? ,"""•" ° ' * ' - "'"""•' ™'"^' '" "^ community: A biggrgphical

<l/>frro<KA,Bnnsh Journal of Psychiaoy, 153,305-312, 1988. "togrgpntcat l^'i^:}fT^.^-^^°y^'^''''^''''^lcstressdisordersamangbgaered

^omen. Riskandresiliencyfactgr,\,otcncemdW,aims,%,\l -21.\W.

TAPCHfTAM LynOC, SS9 (210), 9 - 2016 35

3. Dd Thflc va llendra. Kit qud nghiin cuu quic gia vl bgo luc gia dinh ddi vai phu nU Viel Nam,10m.

4. Hlee Moua, The Hmong Community: Acculturation and Utilization of Domestic Violence Services. Master of Social Woik Clinical Research Papers, St. Cattierine University.

2013.

5. Krug E.G., Dahlberg L.L., Mercey J.A., Zwi A.B., Lozano R. (eds). World Report on Violence Chapter 4 Violence by Inlimgle Parmers, World Health Organization: Geneva, 2002.

6. People's Supreme Court. Report on Revie»'ing Legal Documents Concerning Domestic Vtolence by People's Cowl aiid Assessment gf Domestic Violence Through Court Cases of Criminal Civil, Marriage and Ihe Family Cases, Report presented m tfie workshop organized by the Committee for Social Affairs of the National Assembly on 28 September 2006 in Hanoi.

7. McCloskey L.A., Figueredo A.J., Koss M.P., The Effects of Systemic Fgmily Violence on Children's Menlgl Health, Child Development, 66: pp. 1.239 - 1.261, 1995.

8. Jounriles E.N., Murphy CM., O'Leary K.D., Interspousal Aggression. Marital Discord and Child Problems, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol.57, pp. 453 - 455. 1989.

9. Sttauss M.A., Gelles R.J. & Stainmetz S.K., Behind Closed Doors: Violence In ihe American Family, Garden City, NY: Doubleday Press, 1980.

10. TangC.S., Psychological abme of Chinese Wives, Joumal of Family Violence, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1998.

11. Tang C , Psychological Impact of wife abuse- Experiences of Chinese women and /Ae/rcyirWren, Joumal of Interpersonal Violence, 12, pp. 466-475, 1997.

12. Tnmg lam Nghien cuu Gidi, Gia dinh yd Phdt triin cfing ding, Bdo cdo nghiin cm bgo luc gia dinh Igi cdc linh vd thdnh phd, 2006.

13. van phtog Quic hpi, Bdo cdo kit qud nghiin cm Bgo luc gia dinh Irong nhdm ddn tfc thiiu sd lgi vimg nil phia Bdc ViH Nam (Nhdm ddn Igc H'Mdng), 2006.

14. UNFPA, Gender Bgsed Violence Progromming Review, 2007.

15. Vu Manh Loi, Vu Tuan Huy, Nguyen Huu Minh, Jennifer Clement, Gender-based Violence The Case of Viel Nam, World Bank, Hanoi, 1999.

36 TAP CHf JAM LV HOC, S d 9 (210), 9 - 2016