THO T U C BAT GiOf TAU BI^N NHAM SAM sAo GIAI QUYFT KHIEU NAI HANG HJil
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THEO QUY DINH C O A PHAP LUAT QUOC TE VA PHAP LUAT VIET NAM
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at giir tau bien de dam bao giai quyet khieu nai hang hai la hoat dpng bat giU tau pho bien nhat tren the gidi hien nay, Ngoai Cong udc Luat bien nam 1982, hien cd mdt so dieu udc qude te dieu ehinh van de nay nhu Cong udc Brussels nam 1952 ve bat giii tau bien. Cdng udc nam 1967 ve thong nhat cac qu)' tac chung lien quan den cam giir va cam eo tau bien. Cdng udc nam 1999\'c bat giir tau bien.,, Trong do. Cdng udc nam 1999 ve bat giir tau bien dugc coi la dieu udc qude te cd tinh ke thira va hoan thien hon ca so \di cac eong udc trudc dd, Phii hpp \di phap luat quoe te. Viet Nam ciing da ban hanh cac van ban phap luat nham dieu ehinh boat ddng bat gift tau bien trong pham vi cac vung bien cua Viet Nam, Bd luat hang hai Viet Nam nam 1990 \'a 2005 la nhirng van ban dau lien chira dung cac quy dinh ve bat giu lau bien'",,. Song nhirng quy dinh trong Bp luat nay con mang tinh chung ehung, ehua bao quat dugc het nhirng van de phat sinh trong thu tuc )eu cau bat giu tau bien.
Tru'dc thue t^ do, ngay 27/8/2008 Uy ban thuong vu Qude hgi da ban hanh Phap lenh s6 05/2008/NQ-UBTVQH (sau day ggi tat la Phap lenh 2008) cd hieu lire tii' ngay 01/7/2009 qu) dinh chi tiet \"e thu tuc bat giir tau bien.
Vdi 6 chuong 72 dieu. c6 the n6i tinh den thdi diem hien na). da)' la van ban ghi nhan
NGUYEN TH! HONG YEN *
day du nhat cac van de lien quan den tham quyen. trinh tu, thu tue bat gift tau bien de bao dam giai quyet khieu nai hang hai. ap dung bien phap khan cap tam thdi, thi hanh an dan sir. thuc hien tuong trg tu phap,,, Tuy nhien, bai viet nay ehi tap trung nghien cim cac quy dinh cua phap luat qudc te va phap lual Viet Nam ve boat ddng bat giu tau bien nham bao dam giai quyet khieu nai hang hai thdng qua mdt sd ndi dung chinh sau:
1. Ve cac khai niem lien quan
Thie nhdl. khai niem bat gift tau bien:
Khoan 2 Dieu 1 Cong ude nam 1999 ve bat gift tau bien eiia Lien hgp quoc (sau day gpi tat la Cdng udc 1999) quy dinh: "Bdt giic Id mdt su lifii giic hodc hgn che dich chuyen tdu lheo quyet dinh cua tod dn de bao dam cho mdt khieu ngi hdng hai. chir khdng bao hdm viec bdi giic tdu de thi hdnh mdi ban dn hay mdt vdn ban cd hieu luc ihi hdnh khdc ", Phil h ^3 vdi quy dinh do, Dieu 40 Bd luat hang hai Viet Nam nam 2005 (BLHH 2005) cftng ghi nhan: "Bdt giit tdu bien Id viec khdng cho phep tdu bien di chuyen hodc hgn che di chuyen tdu bien bdng quyet dinh cua tact dn de bao dam giai quyet cdc khieu ngi hdng hai", Nhu vay, npi dung khai niem bat gift tau bien cua BLHH 2005 cd sir phu hgp
Giang vign Khoa phap luat quoc te Truona Dai hoc Luat Ha Noi
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
\di Cdng ude 1999. Theo dd, viec bat gift tau bien la de dam bao cho cac khieu nai hang hai chu khdng nham vao cac muc dich thi hanh ban an, quyet dinh eua toa an hoac quyet dinh cudng che khae cua co quan nha nudc. Tuy nhien, hien nay theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 3 Nghi dinh ciia Chinh pbii so 57/2010/ND-CP ngay 25/5/2010 quy dinh chi ticl va hucmg dan thi hanh Phap lenh bat gift tau bien nam 2008 (sau day gpi tat la Nghi dinh 57) tbi viec bat gift tau bien khong ehi de dam bao giai quyet cac khieu nai hang hai ma con de ap dung cac bien phap khan cap lam thdi hay theo yeu cau cua co quan thi hanh an dan su hoac theo yeu cau uy thac cua toa an nudc ngoai, Nhu vay, khai niem bat gift tau bicn*"' nay eo ndi ham rdng ban, mang tinh bao quat hon so vdi khai niem dugc dua ra trudc dd trong BLHH 2005 hay Cdng udc 1999, Cach giai thieh nay phu hgp vdi cac ndi dung dugc dua ra trong Phap lenh 2008,
Thic hai. khai niem khieu nai hang hai:
Cong irci'c 1999 khong giai thich true tiep the nao la khieu nai hang hai ma chi gian tiep ghi nhan thdng qua cac can cu lam phat sinh khieu nai bang hai tai Dieu 1, Vdi tu each la
\an ban quy pham phap luat dieu chmh cac
\an de chung lien quan den hang hai (trong dd CO boat dpng bat gift tau bien), BLHH 2005 lai khoan 1 Dieu 36 quy dinh: Khieu nai hiing hai la \ iec mdt ben yeu cau ben kia thuc hien nghia N'LI phat sinh lien quan den hoal ddng hang hai,
2. Ve cac can cii' lam phat sinh khieu nai hang hai
Dieu 1 Cdng ude Brussels nam 1952 dua ra 17 cim eir lam phat sinh khieu nai hang
hai, ndi dung cac can cu nay xoay quanli mpt sd van de nhu: cac thiet hai ve ngudi (su'c khoe, tinh mang,,,) va tai san (hang boa, tau...) lien quan den viec khai thae, van hanh tau;
cae tranh chap phat sinh tu lien cong, lien luong eua thuyen trucrng. thuyen vien; cac boat ddng hoa tieu, lai dat, cim hd; cac tranh chap lien quan den quyen sd bun. den viec sua chfta, ddng mdi tau,,, Tiep dd. Cdng udc 1999 da bd sung them 6 can cu lam phat sinh khieu nai hang hai. do la cac thiet hai hoac nguy CO thiet hai do tau gay ra cho mdi trirdng, bd bien hay cae lgi Ich khae lien quan; cac chi phi lien quan den viec true vdt, ddi chuyen, thu hdi, pha buy, thanh thai tau dam, tau mac can.,,; cae phi, le phi cang, kenh dao, vung dau tau.,,; cac khoan lien da chi thay cho tau hoac thay cho chii tau; phi bao hiem lien quan den tau; tranh chap phat sinh tu hpp dong mua ban tau, Trong cac can CU' duge bd sung thi can eft phat sinh khieu nai tu viec thuc hien cac hanh vi gay thiet hai hoac nguy co gay thiet hai cho mdi trucrng, bd bien la nhu eau cap thiet. Bdi vi:
Trong nhung thap nien gan day, ben canh boat ddng van chuyen hanh khacb thi boat ddng khai thae va van chuyen cac loai hang boa, trong dd cd dau md, than, quang... tren cae tuyen duong hang hai ngay cang phd bien hon. Hang loat su cd dam, va. dam lau trong qua trinh van chuyen da xay ra tren khap cae vung bien, gay thiet hai nang ne cho mdi truong bien (trong dd ed ngudn nude va cae tai nguyen thien nhien), de doa den sue khoe va tinh mang cua con ngudi.'^*
Do dd, xae dinh traeh nhiem eho cac chii the khi lien hanh boat dgng khai thac hang hai
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 6/2011 61
ddi vdi van de bao ve mdi trudng bien la vd cimg quan trgng. Thiet nghT, viec bd sung tren day eua Cdng udc nam 1999 la hgp li vdi thuc trang hoat ddng hang hai hien nay tai cac cang bien. Phu hgp vdi quy dinh tren day cua phap luat qudc te, de bao ve chu quyen quoe gia ddi vdi boat ddng cua tau thuyen nude ngoai tai cac vung bien Viet .Nam; ddng thdi nang eao y thuc, traeh nhiem ciia cae chu the trong qua trinh khai thac va van hanh tau bien, Dieu 11 Phap lenh 2008 cung dua ra danh sach cac khieu nai lam phat sinh quyen yeu cau bat gift tau bien cua chu the quyen,'"*' Nhin chung, cae can eu nay dugc quy djnh tuo'ng tu nhu trong Cdng ucVe 1999, Cd the thay su tuong ddng nay la can thiet nham tranh cac xung dot phap lual cd the xay ra gifta quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam vdi luat phap qudc te, dac biet khi CO yeu cau bat gift tau bien de thuc hien mdt khieu nai hang hai phat sinh giu'a doanh nghiep Viet Nam vdi mpt eon tau mang quoc tich ciia mdt lrong cac qudc gia thanh vien cua Cdng udc,
3. Ve tham quyen bat giii' tau bien I'hie nhdl. ngudi ed quyen yeu cau bat gift tau bien: Ca Cong udc 1999 va van ban quy pham phap luat ciia Viet Nam deu dua ra quy dinh gidng nhau, lheo dd quyen nop dem yeu cau toa an ed tham quyen cua qudc gia lien hanh \ iec bat gift tau bien nham dam bao giai quyet khieu nai hang hai thudc ve nguiri CO mpt trong cac khieu nai hang hai ducyc ghi nhan trong hai van ban,* '
Thie hai. tham quyen ra quyet dinh bat gift tau bien: Dieu 2 Cdng udc 1999 ghi nhan: Mpt con tau ehi cd the bi bat gift theo
quyet dinh cua toa an qudc gia thanh vien noi tien himh bat gift, BLHH 2005 cung quy dinh giao quyen bat gift tau bien de giai quyet cac khieu nai hang hai cho toa an, Tuy nhien, vi BLHH 2005 chua cd cac quy dinh phan cap rd rang, nen thuc te hau nhu chua cd trucrng hgp nao toa an ra quyet dinh bat gift' tau bien de giai quyet khieu nai hang hai ke tu khi BLHH 2005 co hieu lire (tft ngay 1/1/2006), Trong khi dd, cac giam dde cang vu hang hai, mdi khi nhan dugc yeu cau tam gift tau bien, tuy khdng ki quyet dinh tam gift tau bien nhung lai khdng thdng qua cac thu tuc cho tau bien khdi hanh, mac du BLHH 2005 khdng he quy dinh cho phep hp dugc lam nhu vay.*^' Do dd, nham tranh sir chong cheo ve tham quyen giai quyet gifta cac toa, khoan 1 Dieu 3 Phap lenh 2008 xae dinh rd tham quyen bat gift tau bien thudc ve toa an nhan dan cap tinh, noi cd cang bien, cang thiiy ndi dia ma tau bien bi yeu cau bat gift' dang boat ddng, Neu cang ed nbieu ben cang thude dia phan cac tinh, thanh phd true thupc lrung uong khae nhau tbi loa an cap tinh noi cd ben cang ma tau bien bi yeu cau bat gift dang boat ddng hang hai se cd tham quyen quyet dinh bat gift tau bien dd.
Trucrng hpp cd su tranh chap ve tham quyen bat gift tau bien gifta cac toa thi Chanh an Toa an nhan dan toi cao se xem xet va quyet dinh toa an nao cd tham quyen de ra quyet dinh bat gi,ft tau bien.
Thic ba, tham quyen thue hien quyet dinh bat gift tau bien eiia loa an: Tuy thudc vao td chuc bd may cua tung qude gia, Cdng udc
1999 de ngd quy dinh nay cho cac qudc gia thanh vien tu xac dinh trong phap luat qudc
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
gia minh. Can cu vao co cau va boat dpng chirc nang ciia cac cang vu (bao gdm: cang vu hang hai hoac cang vu dudng thuy ndi dia khu vuc). Nghi dinh 57 danh han mdt muc quy dinh ve tham quyen thuc hien quyet dinh bat gift tau bien va tha tau bien dang bi bat gift. Theo Dieu 4 Muc 1 Nghi dinh 57, giam ddc cang vu la ngudi cd traeh nhiem tbuc hien quyet dinh bat gift tau bien cua toa an, Ngoai ra, Nghi dinh nay cftng cho phep giam doc cang vu dugc quyen uy quyen cho cap pho hoac truong, pho dai dien cang vu thuc hicn quyet dinh bat gift tau bien, Tuy nhien. viec uy quyen nay phai duge the hien bang van ban ro rang.
4. Ve dieu kien bat giu" tau bien
Nhin chung, phap luat Viet Nam quy dinh ve dieu kien bat gift gan nhu tuong ddng vdi Cong udc 1999. Theo dd, tai Dieu 3 Cong udc 1999 va Di§u 13 Phap lenh 2008 deu ghi nhan: Viee bat gift' tau de dam bao cho khieu nai hang hai chi duge thue hien neu thoa man mpt trong cae dieu kien nhu:
Chil tau, ngudi thue tau Iran la ngudi chiu traeh nhiem ddi vdi khieu nai hang hai tai thdi diem phat sinh khieu nai hang hai \'a van la ehu tau, ngudi thue tau tran hoac la chil tau tai thdi diem bat gift tau bien; khieu nai hang hai nay tren co sd cua viec the chap lau bicn dd; hay khieu nai hang hai nay lien quan den quyen sd hftu hoae chiem hun tau bicn do; khieu nai hang hai nay dugc bao dam bang quyen cam gift hang hai lien quan den tau bien dd, Ngoai ra, viec bat gift cung cd the dugc lien hanh doi vdi mdt hoac nhieu lau bien khae thudc quyen sd hiJu ciia ngudi phai chiu traeh nhiem, neu tai thdi diem phat
sinh khieu nai ngudi dd la chu sd hftu hoac la ngudi thue tau Iran, ngudi thue tau dinh ban hoac ngudi thue tau chuyen eiia tau bien lien quan den viec phat sinh khieu nai hang hai, Tuy nhien hai van ban nay eung nhan manh, quy dinh nay khdng ap dung vdi cac khieu nai hang hai lien quan den viec sd him hoac chiem hun tau bien.
5. Ve thoi han bat giu- tau bien
Cdng udc 1999 de ngo eho cac qudc gia thanh vien tu xae dinh khoang thdi gian bat gift phu hgp trong phap luat nudc minh.
Dieu 14 Phap lenh 2008 quy dinh thdi han bat gift' tau bien nham giai quyet khieu nai hang hai la 30 ngay. Trong thdi gian nay, neu ben yeu eau bat gift tau khdi kien vu an tai toa an (hoae trgng tai) va tiep tuc cd yeu cau bat gift tau thi thdi ban bat gift' tau se cham dirt khi toa an cd quyet dinh ap dung hay khdng ap dung bien phap khan cap tam thdi bat gift tau bien. Tuy nhien, cung co nhieu y kien cho rang thdi ban 30 ngay la tuong ddi dai va nen rut ngan lai, vi bat gift tau bien la boat dpng cd anh hudng true tiep den quyen lgi kinh te cua ca ben yeu cau bat gift va ben cd tau bi bat gift, do dd can dugc thuc hien khan truang va nhanh chdng,
6. Ve trinh ty thii tuc bat giir tau bien Cong udc 1999 khdng dua ra cac quy dinh eu the ve trinh tu thii tuc bat gift tau bien ma chi dua ra cac quy dinh mang tinh chat nen tang, tren co sd dd cae thanh vien CO the xay dung thu tuc rd rang ban trong phap luat qudc gia minh, Nham dam bao su minh bach cua phap luat ddng thdi bao ve quyen lgi chlnh dang cua cac to chuc, ca nhan boat dpng trong ITnh vuc hang hai.
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Phap lenh 2008 va Nghi dinh 57 da quy dinh kha chl liet ve trinh tu thu tue bat gift tau bien de dam bao giai quyet khieu nai hang hai, Theo do, ngudi cd quyen yeu cau bat gift lau bien phai gui don tdi toa an co tham quyen,*^' Sau dd, toa an se phan cdng mdt tham phan de xem xet, giai quyet don yeu cau bat gift. Trong thdi ban 48 gid, ke tu thdi diem nhan don, tham phan se xem xet cac can eu phap II va chu'ng cu, tai lieu can thiet xem cd thu II don yeu cau bat gift tau hay khong,"^' Neu don dap ung day du cac yeu cau thi ngay khi ngudi cd yeu cau bat gift tau xuat trinh cac bien lai, chung tft chu'ng minh hg da thuc hien cac nghTa vu ve le phi va bicn phap bao dam tai chinh theo quy dinh cua Phap lenh 2008 thi tham phan duge phan cdng sc ra quyet dinh bat gift tau bien de bao dam giiii quyet khieu nai hang hai,* ' Quyet dinh niiy cd the bj khieu nai, kien nghi bdi nhirng ngucri ed tham quyen,* Tiep den, giiim ddc cang \'u se ra thdng bao thuc hien quyet dinh bat gift tau bien,* ' Khi thuc hien cac quyet dinh nay, giam ddc cang vu co qu)'cn chi dinh vi tri neo dau va dua ra cac yeu cau ban che boat dpng, di chuyen ddi vdi liiu bien bi bat gift'; thu hoi giay phep rdi Ccing neu liiu bien da dupe cap giay phep rdi cang; dong thdi quyet dinh viec truy duoi tau bicn \ il) cu cau lire lugng bd dpi bien phdng, canh sill bicn. canh sal giao thdng ducmg ihu) thuc hien viec truy duoi tau bien cd quyet dinh bat gift dii rdi cang hoac tu y rdi
\i tri dupe chi dinh,,. Them vao dd, de dam bao thong bao tbuc hien quyet dinh ciia toa an dupe giao tan tay ngudi co tham quyen IrtMi tiiu. khoan 2 Dieu 7 Nghi dinh 57 cung
neu rd can bd cang vu phai true tiep len tau hoac bang each thuc nao dd de cdng bd va giao quyet dinh bat gift tau bien, thdng bao thue hien quyet dinh bat gift' tau bien cho thuyen trudng hoac sT quan tren tau de thi hanh; ddng thdi can bp cang vu tien hanh thu hdi giay phep rdi cang neu tau bien da dugc cap giay phep rdi cang. Neu vi li do nao do, can bd cang vu khdng the len tau hoae tau bien da rdi ben cang trudc khi cd quyet dinh bat gift, can bd cang vu phai lien lac ngay vdi thuyen trucrng hoae chu tau, dai II ciia ehu tau de thdng bao ve quyet dinh bat gift lau bien eua toa an va yeu cau thuyen trudng cho tau neo dau tai mdt vj tri nhat dinh,* "' Vdi nhftng quy dinh tren day, cd the thay phap luat Viet Nam quy dinh tuong ddi chi tiet ve trinh tu thirc hien quyet dinh bat gift' tau bien ciia toa an, Tuy nhien, viec su dung lap di lap lai cum tu "ngay sau khi" trong toan bd qua trinh thuc hien quyet dinh bat gift tuong ddi khd hieu va khdng ro rang, bdi nd khdng dua ra dugc mdc thdi gian xac djnh va cu the nao (vi du: 5 ngay, 10 ngay.,,) nhu van thay trong cac van ban hudng dan thi hanh khae ciia Viet Nam, Dieu nay khdng nhftng gay kho khan cho cac co quan chuc nang lrong qua trinh thuc hien quyet dinh bat gift tau bien ma con la rao can ldn ve phap II cho cae ben khi cd yeu cau bat gift tau bien.
Thiet ngliT, de tao dieu kien cho nhu eau thong thucmg hang hai va dam bao quyen lgi eua cac ben lien quan, co quan chuc nang eo tham quyen nen cd nhftng hudng dan cu the, chi tiet va minh bach han ve thdi gian lien hanh cac thii tuc lien quan den thuc hien bat gift tau bien.
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
Dugc danh gia la mdt trong nhirng qudc gia c6 boat dpng hang hai soi ddng vdi gan 2000 doanh nghiep kinh doanh trong ITnh vuc van tai bien, tuy nhien, tft khi cd BLHH 2005 cho d§n Phap lenh 2008, vai tro cung nhu boat ddng eua toa an Viet Nam trong vice tiep nhan cac don yeu cau bat gift tau bicn cdn rat ban che va gan nhu khdng cd, Thuc tc nay co the bat ngudn tft rat nhieu nguyen nhan khae nhau, tuy nhien trong khudn kho bai viet nay, tac gia dua ra mdt so y kien nhu sau:
Thie nhdt, thuc trang van ban phap luat Viet Nam ve bat gift lau bien trong nhftng nam qua con ban che, Trudc day, lrong BLI ill 1990 va 2005, viec phan eSp th4m quyen giu'a cac toa an khdng rd rang, dan den tinh trang cac toa thucmg khd xac dinh ro tham quyen ciia minh ddi vdi cae tranh chiip lien quan den khieu nai hang hai, Thuc Ic trong thdi gian qua, toa an nhan dan cap tinh (dac biet la ciic tinh cd cae cang bien lim, nhu: Hai Phdng. Da Nang,,,) ciing da lien himh thu li cac don yeu cau bat gift tau bien de giai quyet tranh chap ve bao hiem himg hai' ' nhirng viec bat gift tau bien nham dam bao giai quyet cac khieu nai hang hai khae con rat it, Phap lenh 2008 va Nghi dinh 57 da xac dinh tuong doi ro rang ve thcim quyen bat gift tau bien ciia toa an nhan diin cap linh, thanh phd true thudc trung uong, Tuy nhien. dii cd nhftng quy dinh kha dii) du Vii phil hpp vdi luat qudc te nhung Phap lenh 2008 cung khong tranh khoi nhirng thieu sol nhal dinh. Ngoai nhftng diem hiin che nhir da neu trong phan so sanh ihi qu) dinh lien quan dim phi va le phi cung
la van de can phai xem xet, Phap lenh 2008 quy dinh: Ngudi cd yeu eau bat gift tau bien phai nop le phi bat gift tau bien va thuc hien cac bien phap bao dam tai chlnh lheo quy dinh cua phap luat,* ' Cac quy dinh nay la can thiet nham rang buoc traeh nhiem ciia ben yeu cau bat gift trong truong hgp yeu eau sai dan den thiet hai eho ben co tau bien bi bat gift, Tuy nhien, cac van biin nay chua ehi rd mue yeu cau bao dam tai chlnh cho mpt don yeu eau bat gift; su phu hgp gifta gia tri bao dam vdi muc thiet hai ude tinh khi yeu cau sai; thiet hai nao se dugc tinh toan khi tau bien bi bat gift sai dan den viec chil tau phiii ganh chiu cac thiet hai phat sinh tu nhu'ng hgp ddng van chuyen hang boa khong thuc hien dugc hoac thuc hien cham so vdi hgp ddng,,, Nen chang, co quan nha nudc c6 tham quyen can xem xet va cd nhirng hudng dan cu the hon trong thdi gian tdi de cac doanh nghiep (dac biet la cac doanh nghiep vu'a va nho) "lugng su'c minh" khi quyet dinh nop don yeu cau toa ra quyet dinh bat gift lau bien,
Thie hai, tac gia bai viet cho rang ngudn gde sau xa nhat dan den thuc trang niiy cua toa chinh la do tam li ngai "va cham" vdi cac thu tuc td lung mang tinh khudn mau, thdi gian giai quyet dai va chi phi tdn kem cua toa an. Them vao dd, day cung la mdt van de mdi nen toa an nhieu khi con lung lung Idii thuc hien cac tham quyen lien quan den bat gift tau bien, do dd kho tao dugc long tin cho ben bi thiet hai khi muon gui don kien kem theo cac ddi hdi ve quyen lgi cua minh. Day la thuc te khi xay dung phap lual ve bat gift tau bien ciia nudc ta, phap luat ban hiinh tbi
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 6/2011 65
luong thich vdi cac quy dinh ciia luat qudc tc nhung gia tri thuc tien thi chua dugc kiem nghiem. Do dd, khi xay ra tranh chap, thay vi lua ehgn giiii phap dua tranh chap ra giai quyet lai toa an, cac ben thudng ket thiic tranh chap bang cac giai phap tien td lung CO linh chat mem deo, nhanh chdng va linh boat nhu thuong lugng, hoa giai, trgng tai,,, De khae phuc tinh trang nay, cac co quan toa an can nang cao hon nua nang lire cua can bd toa an lrong viec giai quyet cae van dc lien quan den bat gift' tau bien; cai each cac thu tue td lung theo hudng ngay cang nhanh, gpn ban.
line ha, ben bi thiet hai thucmg chua y thuc het cac quyen lgi cua minh. Dieu nay mgt phan do cac doanh nghiep boat ddng trong ITnh vuc hang hai cua Viet Nam chua nam chac viec thuc hien quyen dua yeu cau bat gift lau bien cua minh. Giai quyet van de nay, can tang eircmg cdng tae tuyen truyen, pho bien phap luat hang hai ndi ehung va phap lucit ve bat gift' tau bien ndi rieng den cac ca nhan, phcip nhan (dae biet la cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh trong ITnh vuc hang hai) giiip hp Ihay duge quyen lgi thue su cua minh ddi vdi cac khieu nai hang hai; ddng thdi hieu dugc vai trd tbuc su cua cac co quan tu phap.
Thic tie, ve phuong dien lap phap, cd the thay rang du ehua gia nhap Cdng udc 1999 nhung cac quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam ve bat gift' tau bien budc dau da ed sir hoan thien va dan hudng den cac chuan muc chung nhat cua phap luat qudc te. Thiet nghT, viee tham gia Cdng udc 1999 se la co sd quan trpng de toa an, cac co' quan co tham quyen eua Viet Nam chu ddng ban trong viec giai
quyet cac khieu nai hang hai lien quan den tau thuyen nude ngoai trong cac vung bien Viet Nam; ddng thdi quyen Igi cua cae doanh nghiep kinh doanh van tai bien Viet Nam se dugc bao ve khi tau thuyen cua doanh nghiep bi yeu eau bat gift tai nudc ngoai, dae biet tai cac qudc gia thanh vien eua Cdng udc. Do do, viec gia nhap Cdng udc 1999 cung can dugc cac CO quan cd tham quyen cua Viet Nam tinh den trong thdi gian tdi,
Mac du cdn mdt sd diem can khae phuc nhung cd the ndi tu BLHH 1990. 2005 din Phap lenh 2008 va Nghi dinh 57 da cho thay nhftng nd lire khdng ngung cua Nha nudc la trong viee hoan thien he thdng van ban phap luat ve bat gift tau bien. Cd the thay rang de cd dugc mdt "san pham phap 11" nhu Phap lenh 2008, cac nha lam luat da nghien cim kha cu the ve thuc lien boat ddng hang hai cua Viet Nam; ddng thdi tham khao tuong ddi ki cac eong udc ve bat gift tau bien, nhu;
Cdng udc Brussels nam 1952, Cdng udc 1999,,. qua dd cu the hda va ban che sir xung dot gifta quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam vdi phap luat qude te. Tuy nhien, de qua trinh thuc hien cae thu tuc bat gift tau bien nham giai quyet khieu nai hang hai trd nen ti.ong thoang va de tiep can hon vdi cae chii the thiet nghT trong thdi gian tdi cac co quan nha nudc ed tham quyen (nhu: Bd tai chlnh, Toa an nhan dan tdi cao, Vien kiem sat nhan dan toi cao,,,) can kip thdi ban hanh cac van biin hucmg dan nham bd sung, hoan thien ban cac quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam ve boat dpng bat gift tau bien, de Phap lenh 2008 thue su ximg tam vdi ki vpng eiia hang ngan doanh nghiep Viet Nam kinh doanh
NGHIEN CQU-TRAO DOI trong ITnh vuc hang hai,/.
(1 ),Xem: Digu 40, Digu 41 va Digu 42 BLHH 2005 (2),Xem them: Khoan 1 Digu 3 Nghi dinh cua Chi'nh phu s6 57/2010/ND-CP,
(3), lheo th6ng ke cua Bp tai nguyen va moi truong, tir nam 1997 dgn nay da xay ra hon 50 vu tran dau cr Viet Nam, gay ra t6n th§t ldn vg sinh thai va kinh tg xa hpi (nguygn nhan chii ygu la do va cham trong qua trinh boc do va dam tau), Tuy nhign, do hanh lang phap li ciia Viet Nam con ygu ngn co toi 77% su co tran dau trgn hai phan nuoc ta chua duac boi thuong hoac dang trong qua trinh giiii quygt, Ngu6n; http://vietbao,vn/Xa-hoi'Xu-ly-tran- dau-trcn-bien-Yeu-nang-luc-thieu-thiet-bi/65122314/157/, (4),Xem: Dieu 1 1 Phap lenh thii tuc bat giQ' tau bign nam 2008.
(5).Xem: Khocin 4 Dieu 1 Cong uoc nam 1999 ve bat giu' lau bien, Dieu 11 Phap lenh nam 2008 ve bat giu' tau bien.
(6), lheo luat su Dinh Quang Thuan, nguon http:;/vvww, thesaigon times,vn/Home/doanhnghiep/phapluaL20440/
(7),Xem: khoan 2 Dieu 15 Phap lenh bat giu' tau bien nam 2008,
(8),Xem: Dieu 18 Phap lenh bat giu' tau bien nam 2008.
(9).Xem: Khoan 2 Dieu 20 Phap lenh bat gifr tau bien nam 2008.
(10),Xem them: Dieu 21 Phap lenh bat giiJ' tau bien nam 2008,
(I I ).Xem; Dieu 7 Nghi dinh s6 57/2010/ND-CP.
(12).Xem Digu 7 Nghi dinh s6 57/2010/ND-CP.
(13). Nam 2009, can cu vao cac quy dinh ciia Phap lenh bat giu lau bien nam 2008, Toa an nhan dan Ihanh pho Hai Phong da tign hanh thu li va ra quygt dinh bat giu' doi vol mpt so tau bien nuoc ngoai hoat dpng tai cang bien Hai Phong lien quan den bao hiem himg hai. lrong dp CP thg ke dgn vu bat giu' tau MV BM A D V L : N L U R L . Theo dp, ngay 6/8/2009 Toa an nhiin dan thanh pho Hai Phong da ra Quyet dinh so 745/2009./QD-BG'rB de bat giu' tau MV BM ADVENT cua chu tiiu P&l Club North of England P&i Association Limited theo yeu cau ciia Cong ti CP phan bao hiem ngiin hang nong nghiep, nham dam bao cho >gu eau doi boi ihuong thiet hai ve bao higm. Sau khi co quyet dinh cua loa iin, hai ben da tign hanh trao doi y kien
\a tlurong lupng ve bien phap giai quygt tranh chap, Sau cling, tranh chap da dupc cac ben tu giai quyet vol khoiin boi thuong lgn dgn tren 42 nghin USD, (14).Xem: Dieu 5, Dieu 6 Phap lenh ve bat giiJ tau bign nam 2008; Digu 10 N^hi dinh s6 57/20lO.-ND-CP.
VE KIEM TRA VAN BAN QUY PHAM PHAP LUAT 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY (tiep theo trang 59)
hucmg dan nghiep vu kiem tra, tao dieu kien cdng tac tdt cho cpng tac vien de hp hoan thanh cdng viec vdi chat lugng cao nhat,
Thu ndm, bao diim ve kinh phi va cae dieu kien khae cho cdng tac kiem tra VBQPPL
Cac cap, cac nganh can quan tam, tao dieu kien hon nfta ve nguon kinh phi va trang bi day dii cae phuang tien, thiet bi phue vu cho edng tac kiem tra VBQPPL, Co quan ehue nang can dau tu kinh phi de xay dung he CO sd dft lieu theo hucmg phue vu ddng thdi cho ca hoat ddng ra soat, he thdng hoa va ca hoat ddng kiem tra VBQPPL, Day la each lam mang lai hieu qua cao ve kinh te va thuan lgi trong cdng viec, bdi gifta boat dpng kiem tra va ra soat cd mdi quan he mat thiet vdi nhau, Vi vay, cac bp, nganh va dia phuang can hudng den xay dung eo sd dft lieu thdng nhat chung phuc vu cho boat ddng kiem tra VBQPPL. Ve lau dai, nen cd mdt co quan thdng nhat quan II he ca sd dft lieu chung, Trong he co sd dft lieu chung nay can ed su phan chia cu the VBQPPL cua trung uong va dia phuong. Co sd dft lieu chung can dugc ket ndi va phd bien rdng rai qua Internet vdi muc dich khong chi phuc vu cho ca cdng tac ra soat, he thdng boa va kiem tra van ban ma con phuc vu cho cac ca nhan, to chuc khi cd nhu cau tim kiem van ban de thi hanh, De co the sft dung tdt nhat he co sd dft lieu, co quan kiem tra VBQPPL can uu tien dao tao, bdi dudng kien thuc tin hpc cho dpi ngu can bd true tiep thuc hien nhiem vu kiem tra va xay dung he co sd dft' lieu./.
TAP CHI LUAT HOC SO 6/2011 67