Ciiau NgocH6e&Nguyen2^5^[19;^
Nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap ho gia dinh nudi trong thuy san ven bien huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam
Chau Ngoc Hoe
Vien Khoa hocxa hoi vijng Trung Bg Email lien he: [email protected] Nguyen Hoang Yen
Vien Khao hocxa hgi vung Trung Bo
Tom tat
SUdung cac phuong phap kinh te lupng, bai bao lupng hda cac nhan to anh hUdng den thu nhap hp gia dinh nudi trong thuy san vung ven bien huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam.
Ket qua nghien cdu chi ra rang, kinh te hd nudi trong thOy san ven bien huyen Thang Bmh cd tinh thuan ngUcaova chju anh hudng y nghia bdi eac nhan td gan vdi hoat ddng ngU nghiep nhutrlnhddmaymdc, trinh dp ky thuat san xuat, Idng yeu nghe, chat lupng gidng nudi, chat lupng ngudn nddc nudi, sd lupng may sue khi vacPsd ha tang. Cac nhan td thupc ve quy md san xuat nhu dien tieh nudi, sd vu nudi trong nam, hinh thUc nudi Idt bat va sd lUpng may bom nUde cd anh hudng gia tang doanh thu nudi trdng thijy san nhUng lai khdng anh hUdng y nghia den thu nhap hd gia dinh. Ket qua nghien cUu nay eho phep chung tdi gpi md mdt sd ham y chinh sach nham nang eao thu nhap hd gia dinh nudi trong thuy san vung ven bien huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
TCr khoa: nhan td, thu nhap, hd gia dinh, nudi trdng thCiy san, ven bien, Thang Binh, Quang Nam.
Abstract
Using econometric methods, the paper quantifies the factors affecting the household income in coastal aquaculture in Thang Binh district, Quang Nam province. The results show that the coastal aquaculture farming economy in Thang Binh district is highly pure and significantly influenced by factors associated wfith fishery activities such as the level of equipments and technical skills, the production techniques, the passion for the job, the quality of breeds and v^/ater sources, the number of aerators and the level of infrastructure. Factors of production scale such as area of farming, number of crops in a year, the rearing canvas, and the number of water pumps have an influence on increasing revenue of aquaculture but have no significant impact on household income. The results of this study enables us to suggest some policy implications to increase household income in aquaculture in coastal areas of Thang Binh district, Quang Nam province in the nearfuture.
Keywords: Factors; Household inome;Aquaculture; Coastal;Thang Binh district; Quang Nam province.
Ngay nhan bai: 2/7/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 26/8/2019
Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi mienTrung, So 04 (60) - 2019
I.Catvande
Huy^n Thang Binh la mpt dia phddng ven bien cua tinh Quang Nam, cd dien tich nuoi trong thOy san (NTTS) dat 350 ha, chiem khpang 10% tpng dien tich NTTS ciia tinh Quang Nam. Nhdng nam qua, linh vde nudi trdng thiiy san ciia huyen da gdp phan quan trpng vao giJl quyet viec lam, tao thu nhap cho ngddi dan va gop phan cai thien dang ke ddi song ngddi dan vCing ven bien. Tuy nhien, nganh nudi trong thiiy san ciia huyen van cdn nhieu ton tai, han che trong phat trien nhd: huyen chda cd quy hoach dal han eho NTTS, eo sd ha tang viing nudi cdn kem phat trien, van de ve d nhiem moi trudng do NTTS gay ra tai ngay cang nghiem trong cho viing nudc ven bien; kha nang dng dung khoa hpc edng nghe vao NTTS cdn han che. Bac biet, thu nhap nghe NTTS ciia eac hp gia dinh vung ven bien huyen Thang Binh cdn kha bap benh, thieu tinh ben vdng. Ket qua dieu tra 139 hp gia dinh NTTS ven bien ciia huyen cho thay, thu nhap trung binh hp gia dinh td hoat dpng NTTS ven blen dat mdc 97,7 trieu dong/nam, trong do cd 70,5% sd hp ed lai va cd den 29,5% so hp thua 16. Chinh vl vay nghien cdu cac nhan tp anh hddng den thu nhap hp gia dinh nudi trdng thiiy san la can thiet, day la cosd khoa hpc va thUe tien cho viec dieu chinh cp che chinh sach nham nang cap thu nhap ho gia dmh NTTS vung ven blen huyen Thang Binh trong thdi gian tdi.
2. Khung phan tfch cac nhan to anh huorng den thu nhap ho gia dinh nudi trong thiiy sSn vung ven blen
Thu nhap hp gia dinh la tdng eac khoan thu bang tien hpae hien vat do lao ddng eiia cac thanh vien trong gia dinh tao ra (bap gpm: tien cdng, tien Iddng, thudng, cac khoan trp cap,....), thu nhap tai chinh (lai tiet kiem, lai mua ban chdng khoan, thu td cho thue bat ddng sk,...) va cae thu nhap khac (kieu hpl, thu nhap bat thudng,...). Trong nghien edu nay bai bao chi tiep can thu nhap hp gia dinh nudi trpng thuy san td eac nguon thu nhap t d lao dpng cOa cac thanh vien hp mang lai. Cac khpan thu nhap t d hoat ddng tai ehinh va thu nhap khac khong dupe de cap den trong tinh toan thu nhap hd ngd dan. Vdi each tiep can thu nhap hp gia ainh gan vdi hoat ddng sinh ke, cac nhan td anh hddng den thu nhap hp gia dinh nudi trong thiiy san vimg ven blen ed ban gom cac nhdm nhan td sau:
Ddc diem nhdn khdu hpc hp gia dinh: cac nhan to thupc ve dac diem nhan khau hpc nhirtrlnh dp hpc van, do tuoi, so nhan khau, so nhan khau phu thupc, tinh trang da dang hoa thu nhap, cd the cd anh hddng den thu nhap eua hd gia dinh nudi trong thuy san. Cae ket qua nghien cdu thdc nghiem ciia Mwanza (2011), Nguyen Quoc Nghi va cdng sd (2011), Al Jabri va cac cpng sd (2013), Hoang Hdng Hiep (2016), Chau Ngpc Hpe va cpng sU (2018) da tim thay nhOng anh hddng nhat dinh eiia mpt so dac diem nhan khau hpe den thu nhap hd gia dinh.
Bgc trung nghe nghiep: cac dac trung nghe nghiep la nhdng dac trung gan vdi hoat Song sinh k^ tao thu nhap eho hp ngu dan.ThUc te eho thay, tinh thuan ngdtrong sinh ke hp gia dinh cang cao thi cac dac trdng ngu nghiep cd anh hddng cang Idn den thu nhap hd gia Sinh. Cac dac trdng ngd nghiep cd the cd anh hddng den thu nhap hp gia dinh nudi trdng thiiy s5n gdm: quy mo dien tieh nudi trong, cdng nghe va quy trinh san xuat, chat lupng cpn giong, chat lupng ngudn nddc, kinh nghiem nudi trdng, may mdc thiet bi, Idng yeu nghe, sd
Chau Ngpc Hoe & NgivenHoangV&i
VU nudi Cae nghien edu thdc nghiem eiia Nguy§n Qudc Nghi va cpng sd(201 l),Ying (2010), Hoang Hong Hiep (2016), Hoang Hdng Hiep va cpng sd (2016, 2018),Teame va Woldu (2016), Xlong va cpng su (2010) cung da tim thay anh hddng y nghTa cda dac trdng ngd nghiep den nang cao thu nhap hp gia dinh.
Chinh sdch phdt trien cua dia phuang: chinh sach phat trien cua dia phUPng, trong do trpng tam la chinh sach ngU nghiep ddng vai trd quan trpng trong nang cap nang suat, thu nhap cua cac hd ngd dan nuoi trong thiiy san. Chinh sach phat trien dja phddng gdm cac chinh sach khuyen ngU, chinh sach phat trien kinh te xa hpi vung nudi, vai trd cua can bp khuyen ngd dia phuong. Cac ket qua nghien cdu cua Sesabo va cpng sd (2005), Nguyen Qude Nghi va cdng sd (2011), Ghimire va cpng sd (2014), Hoang Hdng Hiep (2016), cung da tim thay nhdng anh hudng nhat dinh ciia chinh sach ngu nghiep dia phUdng va vai trd ciia can bp khuyen ngdtrong nang cao thu nhap ciia hp gia dmh nudi trpng thiiy san.
Cosdhg tdng: ca sd ha tang viing nudi, dja ban ed tru cd the anh hddng den thu nhap hp gia dinh NTTS. 6 nhdng dia phddng ed ed sd ha tang hien dai, dong bd se tap cd hdi tdt hdn cho hd gia dinh tiep can vdi thj trudng dau vao va dau ra cua qua trinh san xuat, qua do cd CO hpl cai thien thu nhap. Cac nghien cdu ciia Mohammad Samaun Safa (2005), Raju Ghimire va cdng sd (2014), eung da tim thay cd sdanh hudng y nghTa eiia edsdha tang den nang eao thu nhap hp gia dmh.
Dia ban cif tru: v\ tri dia \y, dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi, tai nguyen thien nhien, cae van de ve khi hau, thd nhUdng, rieng cd cua mdi dja phUdng cd the iinh hudng den thu nhap ciia hd gia dmh NTTS. Tiiy thupc vao dieu kien td nhien, dieu kien kinh te-xa hdi khae nhau ma hp gia dinh ep the gap thuan Ipl phat trien kinh te nhu dat dal mau md, gan cac khu cdng nghiep, gan eae trung tam kinh te, nhung cung cd the gap khd khan hdn nhd dat dal khd can, cd sd ha tang kem phat trien, y te, giao due kem phat trien. Do vay dac diem dia ban cd tru co the tao sd khac biet trong thu nhap gida eae hp gia dmh. Ket qua nghien edu thdc nghiem ciia Krishna (2004), Senadza (2012), Al Jabri va cac cdng sd (2013), Hpang Hdng Hiep (2016), da tim thay rang, thu nhap ciia hp gia dinh d nhdng d|a ban ed tru khae nhau cd su khae biet y nghia.
Tren cP sd ke thda cac nghien cdu trpng nudc va qudc te cimg thue tien phat trien NTTS ven blen huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam, chung tpi xay dung khung phan tich eae nhan to anh hddng den thu nhap hd gia dinh NTTS ven bien gom eac nhdm nhan to trpng yeu: dac diem nhan khau hoc, dac trUng nghe nghiep, chinh sach phat trien dja phuong, eo sd ha tang vadja ban cutru.
3. IVIo hinh nghien cuTu, md ta duTIieu nghien cufu 2.1.IVId binh nghien cdu vd md td dCrlieu
DUa tren khung phan tieh dupc de xuat d tren, ehung tdi xay ddng md hlnh nghien cdu eac nhan td anh hddng den thu nhap hp gia dinh NTTS ven blen huyen Thang Binh tinh Quang Nam nhusau:
Tap chi Khoa hocxa hpi mien Trung, So 04 (60)-2019 53
Trong do:
Y: Bien phu thupc, phan anh thu nhap ho gia dinh NTTS Pg: He so goc cua mo hinh
Cae bien dpc lap:
Xj:Baediem nhan khau hpc Xj:DactrUng nghe nghiep X3: Chinh sach phat trien dja phirong X^: Co SCI ha tang
Xj:Dia ban eUtru
£\ Phan ducCia mo hinh nghien curu, i=1,2,...139
Theo mo hinh nghien cufu daoc de xuat, chung toi xay diing thang do cac bien so cOa mo hinh (1) tai bang 1.
Bang 1: Xay diTng thang do cac bien trong mo hinh nghien cuTu TT
1
2
3
Cac bien
Bien phu thuoc (Y)
fiacdrem nhan khau hpc X,
Oae tru'ng nghe nghiep X^
Dien giai bien Doanh t h u nuoi t r o n g
t h u y s a n Loi nhuan tCr nuoi t r o n g t h u v san cua ho qia d i n h Thu nhap ho qia d i n h
So nhan khau So nhan khau phu t h u o c
Trinh d o hoc van 0 6 t u o i Da danq hoa t h u nhap
Dien tich Nuoi lot bat
Kinh n g h i e m san xuat So ao nuoi
S o v u May b o m nude
May sue k h i Trinh d o may moc Trinh d o ky t h u a t san xuat
Long yeu nqhe Trien v o n g phat trien
Chat luonq thu'c an
Ky hieu bien D.Thu
LN.NTTS Thunhap NK Phuthuoc
HV DotuDi DDHTN DTich Lotbat
KNSX Soao Sovu M b o m IVlsuckhi
TDIVIM TDKT Yeunqhe Trienvonq CLThuean
Thang d o
Trieu dong
Trieu d o n g Trieu d o n q NqUdi NgUcfi So nam di hoe
So t u o i l : C 6 ; 0 : K h 6 n q
Sao (500m=) 1: nuoi lot bat; 0:
nuoi khac Sd nam kinh nqhiem Sd luong ao nuoi
Sd vu nuoi t r o n q nam Sd may b o m nude Sddan may sue k h i Likert(5bae) Likert(5bae) Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac)
Ky vong
+/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- + +/- +/- +/- +/- + + +/- +/'
+
Chau Ngoc Hoe SNguyenJloangVen
4
5
6
Chinh sach phat trien dja
phUdng X^
C P sd ha tanq X^
Bia ban c u t r u X^
Chat lupng thuoc chda benh Chat lupng con g i o n g Chat lupng n g u d n nudc Chinh sach khuyen n g u Vai tro ciia can bp
khuyen n q u Cac chinh sach an sinh xa
hpi eiia dja p h u o n g C d s d h a t a n q
Binh Nam
Binh Dupng
CLThuoc CLGiong CLNuoc CSKN CBKN
CSXH CSHT
BN
BD
Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac)
Likert (5 bac) Likert (5 bac) 1: Binh Nam; 0:
Khdng phai Binh Nam 1: Binh D u o n g ; 0
Khong phai Binh D u o n g
-1-
-1-
+
-1- -1-/-
-1-/- -1-/-
+/-
+/-
2.2. a/Id td da lieu
Be thye hien nghien cdu nay, ehiing tdi thUe hien dieu tra bang bang hdi 139 hp gia dinh NTTS ven blen huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam. Trong do, xa Binh DUPng cd 46 phieu, Binh Hal ed 44 phieu va Binh Nam ed 49 phieu. Ket qua khao sat cho thay, thu nhap binh quan hd gia dinh td hoat dpng NTTS ven blen huyen Thang Binh dat 97,7 trieu dpng/
nam, trPng dd cd 70,5% so hp cd lai va 29,5% sd hp thua Id. Theo Tabachnick & Fidell (1991, 1996), phan tich hdi quy dat dupc ket qua tdt nhat, thi kich cd mSu phai thda man cdng thdc n > 8m -I- 50 (n la kich ed mau, m la so blen ddc lap). Thep Comrey (1973), cd mau phu hdp vdi nghien edu phan tich nhan tP la n = 5*m. NhU vay vdi sd phieu thu thap dddc la 139 phieu, dam bao thoa man dieu kien quy mo mau de thuc hien phuong phap hoi quy da bien cho Udc lupng md hinh cac nhan td anh hudng den thu nhap hp gia dinh NTTS ven blen huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam.
3. Phuong phap nghien ciifu va phan tich ket qua Udc luong 3.7. Phitang phdp nghien cdu
Trddc tien, kiem djnh khuech dal phuong sal (variance inflation factorsA/IF) ddpc thUe hien de kiem djnh gia djnh da cdng tuyen trpng md hlnh. Ket qua kiem djnh cho thay gia trj trung binh VIF trong md hinh deu nhd hon 5 (HoangTrpng va Chu Nguyen Mdng Ngpc, 2008)!
cho phep ket luan khdng tdn tai hien tupng da cdng tuyen gida cae bien gial thich trong md hinh nghien cdu. Sau d d kiem djnh Durbin Watson ddpc thue hien eho ciSc giiS tri P deu thda man dieu kien 1 < p < 3 Bleu nay cho thay, trong md hinh khdng cd hien tupng tu tUPng quan gida eac bien gial thich. Tiep theo, kiem dmh White dupc thdc hien de kiem tra qia dinh phupng sai sai sd thay ddi trong phan dd ciia md hinh. Ket qua kiem djnh chp thay, tronq md hinh khdng cd hien tdpng phdong sai sal sd thay ddi d mdc y nghTa 5%. Tren co sd m ' h' h
Tap chi Khoa hoc xa h6i mien Trung, 56 04 (60) - 2019
Uflc Iddng khdng vi pham eac giJ djnh, nghien edu nay sd dyng phupng phap hdi quy OLS de Udc lupng cac nhan td anh hudng den thu nhap hd gia dmh NTTS ven bien huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam. Ket qua ddc luong dupe trinh bay tai bang 2.
Bang 2: Ket qua tide luong cac nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap ho gia dinh nuoi trong t h i y sin ven blen huyen Thang Binh
Mo hinh Blen NK Phuthuoc HV Dotuoi DDHTN DTich Lotbat KNSX Soao Sovu Mbom Msuckhl TDMM TDKT Yeunqhe Trienvonq CLThuean CLThuoc CLGiong CLNuoc CSKN CBKN CSXH CSHT BN BD Hang so So quan sat (N) R=
Durbin-Watson Kiem ainh White
(1) D.Thu NTTS -0.131 (0.167) 0.120(0.198) 0.067 (0.263) -0.061 (0.316) 0.057 (0.355) 0.227(0.017)**
0.149(0.059)*
0.010(0.879) 0.226 (0.022) **
0.112(0.132) 0.143(0.032)**
0.098(0.132) 0.124(0.164) 0.088 (0.287) 0.075 (0.262) 0.011 (0.866) -0.049 (0.574) -0.001 (0.989) 0.153(0.021)**
0.135(0.046)**
-0.013(0.890) -0.069 (0.494) 0.066 (0.347) 0.007 (0.920) -0.141 (0.114) -0.076 (0.359) -340.040
139 0.633 (000) ***
1.964 0.1266 > 0.05
(2) LN.NTTS -0.170(0.067)*
0.074(0.414) 0.038 (0.509) -0.055 (0.354) -0.051 (0.394) 0.128(0.165) 0.081 (0.290) 0.017(0.803) 0.124(0.193) 0.009 (0.896) 0.014(0.828) 0.180(0.005)"*
0.145(0.097)*
0.251 (0.002)***
0.168(0.011)**
-0.094(0.138) 0.132(0.121) -0.094 (0.293) 0.219(0.001)***
0.186(0.005)***
-0.105(0.255) 0.022 (0.820) 0.082(0.231) -0.157(0.015)**
-0.121 (0.163) 0.021 (0.797) -240484
139 0.651 (000) ***
2.098 0.2741 > 0.05
(3) Thunhap 0.027 (0.504)
-0.61 (0.502) 0.048(0.410) -0.034 (0.570) 0.040 (0.504) 0.131 (0.156) 0.101 (0.186) 0.035 (0.599) 0.122(0.202) 0.016(828) 0.020 (0.756) 0.171 (0.008)***
0.150(0.087)*
0.262 (0.002) * * • 0.127(0.054)*
-0.077 (0.228) 0.131 (0.124) -0.075 (0.401) 0.212(0.001)***
0.203 (0.002) * * * -0.102(0.271) 0.050 (0.609) 0.053 (0.439) -0.183(0.005)***
-0.520(0.551) 0.950 (0.243) -398.668
139 0.649 (000) * * *
2.052 0.3634 > 0.05
VIF 3.359 3.255 1.335 1.389 1.402 3.301 2.276 1.721 3.547 2.061 1.628 1.558 2.956 2,550 1.682 1.581 2.816 3.130 1.616 1.673 3.345 3.765 1.848 1.600 2.936 2.568
Ghi chu; Gid tri P-value dugc md td trong ddu ngoac dan. ' P-value < 0.1:
"P-value <0.0I (Ngudn: Ket qud khdo sdt tUdieu tra cua tde gid)
' P-value <0.0S:
3.2. Phdn tich ket qud Mc lupng
Ket qua Udc Idpng d bang 2 chp thay, khdng nhu ky vpng, dp tuoi, trinh dp hpc van, da dang hoa thu nhap khdng cd Snh hddng den thu nhap, Ipi nhuan va doanh thu ciia hp gia
chau Ngoc Hoe & Nguyen Hoang Yen
dinh NTTS. Ca biet, sd nhan khau ciia hd gia dinh ed anh hudng lam giam lpi nhuan td hpat ddng NTTS d mdc y nghTa thdng ke 10%. Bleu nay ed the dupc giai thich d chieu canh gia dinh nhieu nhan khau phan Idn la ddi tddng phu thupc (ngddi gia va tre em), do vay hieu suat nudi trdng ed the khdng cao. NhUvay dac diem nhan khau hpc khdng cd nhieu anh hddng y nghTa den thu nhap hd gia dinh NTTS d huyen Thang Binh.
Nhd ky vpng, dae trUng nghe nghiep ed anh hddng kha Idn den thu nhap ciia hd gia dinh. Cac nhan tp ve sp lupng may sue khi, trinh dp cdng nghe may mdc, trinh dp ky thuat san xuat, chat lupng gidng va chat lupng nguon nddc cd anh hddng den ldi nhuan va thu nhap eiia hp gia dinh dcac mdc y nghTa lan lupt 1 %, 5%, 10%. Ket qua nay phan anh tinh thuan ngu Idn trong cau thanh thu nhap ciia hp gia dmh NTTS ven bien huyen Thang Binh, dieu nay cung kha phu hpp vdi ket qua Udc lupng ve tac dpng khdng y nghia cua da dang hda thu nhap den thu nhap hd. Cac nhan td dien tieh, nudi Idt bat, sd ao nudi va so vu nudi trong nam ehi cd anh hddng lam gia tang doanh thu NTTS d cae mdcy nghTa thdng ke 5%, 10%, nhdng khdng cd anh hudng y nghTa den lpi nhuan va thu nhap eiia hp gia dinh. Bleu nay cd the ddpc giai thich dudi chieu canh hieu qua san xuat (Dpanh thu - Chl phO, theo dd gia tang quy md san xuat ddng nghia vdi ehl phi san xuat gia tang, spng doanh sd tang them khdng bu dap ddpc mu'c tang chl phi san xuat, ket qua eudi cimg la quy md san xuat khdng anh hddng den Ipl nhuan va thu nhap cudi eung cua hp. Ngpai ra, ket qua Udc lupng nay cung edn ham y rang, NTTS theo hlnh thdc quang canh khdng dam bao hieu qua bang nudi trdng theo md hinh tham canh dUa tren trinh dp ky thuat, cdng nghe san xuat, chat lupng con giong, chat lupng nguon nude.Thdc te eho thay ngudn nudc NTTS vung ven blen d huyen Thang Binh dang ngay cang d nhiem, nhat la nddc mat td he thdng sdng ven bien. Bleu nay dat ra thach thdc rat Idn ddi vdi phat trien ben vdng nganh NTTS ven blen gan vdi nang cao thu nhap ben vdng cho cae hp gia dmh NTTS huyen. Ngoai ra, ket qua Udc lupng eung chi ra rang, Idng yeu nghe cd anh hddng y nghia den Ipi nhuan va thu nhap hp gia ffinh NTTS. Bleu nay phu hpp vdi dac thii nghe NTTS, theo dd Idng yeu nghe se la ddng lue mau ehdt giup ngu dan gan bd vdi nghe NTTS, chil dpng tim tdi eae phddng phiSp, ky thuat san xuat, phdng benh cho vat nudi gdp phan nang cao hieu qua san xuat.
Ket qua ude Idpng cung ehi ra rSng, kinh nghiem san xuat, tri^n vpng nghe nghiep, chat lupng thdc an va chat lupng thupc chda benh khdng cd anh hddng y nghia len thu nhap ciia hp gia dinh. NhUvay yeu tP kinh nghiem khpng cdn ddng vai trd quan trpng trong cai thien va nang eao thu nhap eho hp gia dinh t d hoat ddng NTTS. Bleu nay eung phii hpp vdi thdc tien dia phuong rang, da sd cac ngd dan tre dng dung tdt hon cac md hlnh san xuat cdng nghe mdi nham nang cap hieu qua NTTS. Ngudn thdc an va thudc trj benh hau het dddc cung cap bdi mpt so it cdng ty san xuat nen sy khac biet trong chat Idpng la khdng dang ke va khdng anh hudng y nghia den nang suat nudi trong. Nhin chung, nhan djnh ve trien vong phat trien nghe nghiep eua hd NNTS phu thupc rat nhieu ve ket qua nudi trong hien tai va
Tap chi Khoa hocxa hpi m i l n T r u n g , So 04 (60) - 2019
da phan khong cd nhieu khac biet trong nhan dinh eua hd, ket qua dieu tra cho thay, cd den 63,0% sd hp NTTS bl quan ve trien vpng phat trien nghe NTTS trong tdPng lai. Bay la \y do khien nhan td trien vpng nghe nghiep khdng ed anh hudng y nghia den thu nhap hd.
Ket qua udc lupng cung chi ra rang, ed che chinh sach ciia dja phdPng khdng ed anh hudng j nghTa thong ke len thu nhap ciia hp NTTS. Cac chinh sach khuyen ngu doi vdi NTTS dviing ven bien huyen Thang Binh cd vai trd rat md nhat va khdng cd anh hudng y nghTa len thu nhap hp gia dinh.Thdc tien cho thay, hau het eac hoat dpng tap huan, tpa dam ve NTTS van chil yeu do doanh nghiep eung dng thdc an, con giong, thude chda benh chii dpng thuc hien, vai trd ho trp, tap huan ky thuat, chuyen giap cdng nghe san xuat va cae hd trp khac cua CO quan quan ly nganh la chda cap. Ben canh dd, vai trd eiia can bd khuyen ngu cap xa ddi vdi hoat ddng NTTS cung cdn nhieu han ehe, dac biet can bp khuyen ngu cap xa cdn thieu nang dong, kien thdc ve chuyen mdn trong hp trp cac hp gia dinh phat trien san xuat. Bieu nay the hien rat rd qua ket qua dieu tra, ed den 79,85% so hp nudi chp rang ehinh sach khuyen ngd dmdckemtrdxupng, chled9,35%s6 hd cho rang ehinh sach khuyen ngd d mdc tot, cd den 87,05% so hp eho rang vai trd cua can bp khuyen ngd cap xa d mdc thap va rat thap, va ehl cd 1%s6 hd cho rang vai trd cda can bd khuyen ngd cap xa d mdc cao. Cac chinh sach an sinh xa hpl thuc hien cho viing ven blen khdng ed nhieu khac biet cho eae hp NTTS, dieu nay khien su khac biet trong nhan dinh chinh sach khdng khac nhau gida eac hd NTTS vung ven blen.
That ngac nhien, cd sd ha tang cd anh hudng am den thu nhap cua hp NTTS d mdc y nghia 1%. Bieu nay cho thay, cac hd dan nudi trong d viing ed cd sd ha tang phat trien lai khong dat dupc mdc thu nhap cao. Tuy nhien, ket qua udc Idpng nay lai khdng mau thuin vdi thuc tien huyen Thang Binh. Theo do, hoat ddng NTTS ddpc dau td bai ban theo hinh thdc tham canh thudng dupe thyc hien d nhdng khu vyc xa trung tam, hep lanh hPn, d do quy dat danh cho NTTS cdn nhieu. Trong khi dd, d nhdng khu vyc cd ha tang phat trien tdt, hoat ddng nuoi trong thydng thdc hien d quy md nhd le, khdng dupe hd chu trpng hpae khdng the md rong do han che ve quy dat nudi trong.
Bja ban cU trii khdng anh hddng y nghTa thdng ke len thu nhap, Ipi nhuan va doanh thu NTTS ciia hp gia dinh ven blen huyen Thang Binh. Bieu nay cho thay khdng cd sy khac biet y nghia trong thu nhap gida eac hd nudi trong d cac xa ven bien eiia huyen. Bleu nay cung kha phu hpp vdi thuc tien rang, cae dieu kien ve t y nhien, kinh te, van hda, xa hpl khdng cd sd khac biet gida cae xa ven blen trong cimg huyen Thang Binh.
3. Ket luan va ham y chinh sach
Sif dung cac md hinh djnh Idpng, bai bao nghien cdu cae nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap hp gia dinh NTTS ven blen huyen Thang Binh, tinh Quang Nam. Cac ket qua ddc lupng
* i ra rSng, thu nhap hd gia dinh chiu anh hudng bdi cac nhan td: may sue khi, trinh do may
"IOC, trinh dp ky thuat san xuat, Idng yeu nghe, chat lupng gidng nudi, chat Idpng ngudn nudc va cd sd ha tang dia phUdng. NgUpe lai, eac nhan td thupc ve dac diem nhan khau hpc.
55 Chau Ngoc Hoe g. NguyMT^toagg^
kinh nghiem san xuat, trien vpng phat trien, chat lupng thdc an, chat Idpng thudc chda benh, chinh sach khuyen ngu, vai trd eiia can bp khuyen ngu, chinh sach dja phUPng va dac diem dia ban cUtru khdng edanh hudng y nghTa len thu nhap hp gia dinh. Ket qua ddc Idpng edng chi ra rang, eae nhan td ve quy md dien tieh, so ap nudi, sd vu nudi trong nam va hlnh thdc nudi Idt bat ehi anh hudng den doanh thu NTTS nhdng khdng anh hudng den Ipi nhuan va thu nhap eua hp gia dinh. Bleu nay cho thay, kinh te hp gia dinh NTTS ven bien huyen Thang Binh cd tinh thuan ngU rat cao. Cac ket qua udc lupng tren cho phep de xuat mpt so ham y chinh sach sau:
Thdnhat, day manh dng dung khoa hpeva tien bd ky thuat trong NTTS dviing ven blen huyen Thang Binh. Ket qua Ude Iddng da chi rd vai trd ciia trinh dp may mdc va ky thuat san xuat ddi vdi gia tang Ipi nhuan va thu nhap cua hd gia dinh. Do vay viec thiic day dpi mdi cdng nghe, ky thuat nudi trdng ed the giup hp nang cao nang suat nudi trdng, gdp phan eai thien thu nhap hp. Hien nay, cd nhieu edng nghe NTTS mdi cd the nang eao hieu qua nudi trdng ben vdng nhu quy trinh nudi trdng theo tieu chuan VietGAP, nudi trdng thiiy san hdu CO, dng dung cdng nghe NTTS dat chdng nhan ASC (Aquaculture Stewardship Council), dng dung cdng nghe Semi Biofloc, tham canh va sieu tham canh,... Chinh quyen huyen Thang Binh can nghien edu va dng dung thi diem mpt sp md hinh NTTS thieh hdp vap vung ven bien huyen Thang Binh. Can ed chinh sach hd trp trien khai thyc hien va chuyen glao cdng nghe NTTS mdi cho eae hd gia dinh, trong do trudc mat chu trpng khuyen khich ngu dan dau t d ddng bd he thong may sue khi nham nang eao hieu quci NTTS.
Thd hai, ket qua ude lupng cung ehi ra vai trp rat quan trpng eiia chat lupng gidng dpi vdi nang cao thu nhap va Ipi nhuan cua hp NTTS. Dp vay cac cP quan chuyen nganh thiiy san eac cap can thyc hien quan ly, kiem soat tot chat Idpng cpn gidng, siet chat quan ly eae ngudn giong ehua dupe kiem djnh, khdng cd nguon goc xuat xd rd rang va thddng xuyen kiem tra chat lupng gidng ciia cac cP sd san xuat va cung dng giong thiiy san tren dia ban. Qua do, dam bao cac con gidng dupc eung cap cho cac hd nudi phai dam bap chat Idpng. Kien quyet xd ly nghiem cae cP sd cung dng gidng khdng dam bao chat lupng. Khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho cae cd sd san xuat gidng doi mdi cdng nghe san xuat de tao ra eon giong chat lupng cap, phu hpp vdi dieu kien cua dia phudng.
Thd ba, ket qua udc lupng cung chi ra vai trd ciia chat lupng ngudn nudc phuc vu NTTS hien nay ddi vdi nang cao Ipi nhuan va thu nhap ciia hp gia dinh. Tuy nhien, trong boi canh chat Idpng ngudn nude vung ven blen huyen Thang Binh dang ngay cang suy giam, ehinh quyen cac cap can cd nhdng bien phap kjp thdi de nang cao chat lupng nguon nudc han che d nhiem mdi trudng, kiem soat va xd \y kjp thdi ngudn nddc ed dich benh trong qua trinh NTTS. Bien phap kha di trude mat la khuyen khich cae hp nudi trong dau tu he thdng ao loc xd \y cae nguon nudc xa thai trddc khi dda ra mdi trudng. Quy hpach va xay dyng cae viinq
^!!!
Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hgi mien Trung, So 04 (60) - 2019
NTTS tap trung ven bien ciia huyen tren ed sd quy hpach tdng the phat trien vung phia fldng cua tinh Quang Nam, trong do ehu trpng den xay dyng he thpng xd ly nudc thai tap trung thep tdng vimg nudi.
Thdtu, ket quS phan tieh chp thay chinh sach khuyen ngu va can bp khuyen ngu fldng vai trd kha md nhat trong nang cap thu nhap hd gia dinh. Bp vay, can thyc hien mdt each thyc chat hdn cac ehinh sach khuyen ngu va chu trpng nang cao trinh dp dpi ngd can bd khuyen ngu CO sd trong phat trien NTTS. Cac chinh sach khuyen ngy can hudng den ho trp ve ky thuat, cdng nghe san xuat, xd ly ngudn nude, djch benh trong NTTS.
Tai lieu tham khSo:
Al Jabri, O. M. A. R., Collins, R., Sun, X., Omezzlne, A., Belwal, R. (2015). Beterminants of Smallscale Fishermen's Income on Oman's Batinah Coast. Marine Fisheries Review, 75 (3), 21-32.
Chau Ngpc Hde va Ho Thj Kim Thiiy (2018). Nhan td anh hddng den thu nhap hd gia dinh khu vuc ndng thdn ven blen huyen NulThanh, tinhQuang Nam. Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hdi mien Trung, 5, trang....
Comrey. (1973). A first course in factor analysis. Academic. New York.
Ghimire, R., Huang, W. C, & Shrestha, R. B. (2014). Factors affecting nonfarm income diversification ampng rural farm hpuseholds in central Nepal. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, M'>0'i7-20'[6-85513), ^23-^\32.
Ghlrmal Tesfamariam Teame va cpng sy (2016). Factors Affecting Rural Households' Income Diversification: Case of Zoba IVlaekel, Eritrea. American Journal of Business, Economics and Management.
Hoang Hdng Hiep va cpng sy. (2018). Nghien cdu nhdng nhdn toanh hudng den thu nhdp va nhdng gidi phdp ndng cao thunhap cua cdc hd ngu ddn vung bdi ngang ven bien tinh Qudng Nam. Be tai khpa hpc cap tinh 2016-2018, Quang Nam.
Hoang Hdng Hiep. (2016). Nghien cdu nhOng nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap eiia cac hp ngu dan khai thac hai san xa bd vung Buyen hai Nam Trung Bp: mdt tiep can thyc nghiem. Hpi fhoo khoa hgc Phdt trien ndng nghiep ben vdng d vung Duyen hdi Nam Trung Bg, thang 6/2016.
Hoang Trpng va Chu Nguyen Mdng Ngpc. (2008). Phdn tich dOlieu nghien cdu vdi SPSS.
NXB Hong Bdc.
Krishna, A. (2004). Escaping poverty and becoming poor: who gains, who loses, and why?. World development, 32(1), 121 -136.
Mwanza, J. F. (2011). Assessment of Factors of household capital/assets that influence income of smallholder farmers under International Development Enterprises (IDE) in Zambia (Doctoral dissertation,Thesis. Ghent University, Belgium).
Chau Ngoc Hoe & NguyenjHoang\gn
Nguyen Quoe Nghi va cpng sU. (2011). Cae yeu to anh hUcfng den thu nhap cua ngu'di dan toe thieu so d Dong bang song Cifu Long. Tqp chiKhoa hgc - TrUdng Dal hoc Can Tha, 18a, 240-250.
Safa, M. S. (2005). Soeio-economicfaetors affecting the ineomeof small-scale agroforestry farms in hill country areas in Yemen: A comparison of OLS and WLS determinants. S/7ia//-5ca/e Forest Economics, Management and Policy, 4( 1), 117-134.
Senadza, B. (2012). Non-farm Income Diversification in Rural Ghana: Patterns and Determinants. >lfr/can Development Review, 24(3), 233-244.
Sesabo, J. K., &Tol, R. S. (2005). Factors affecting income strategies among households in Tanzanian coastal villages: implications for development-conservation initiatives. Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change, Hamburg University Working Paper FNU-70.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using Multivariate Statistics (3rd ed.). Uew York:
HarperCollins.
Uy ban nhan dan huyen Thang Binh. (2018). Bdo cdo tinh hinh phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi ndm 2018 va nhiem vu,ke hogch nam 2019.Thar\g Binh, Quang Nam.
Xiong, 2hang-lin; Niu, Ying. (2010). Factors Affecting the Income of Formers. Asian Agricultural Research, 2(5), 18 - 26.