N C H I E N C U U T R A O D 6 I V A P H O B I E N K I E N T H C C K H & K T
ngay de gidm thilu thi?l hgi do b?nb gdy ra, bdo v? an loan cho sdn xual.
6. B?nh bac Id (Xanlhomonas oryzac - Rice leafblihgl)
De khic phyc linh trgng ircn, phdng traiili b?nh bgc Id d liia miia. ngoai cdc bi?n phdp canh tdc dgi trd, can igp Irung vdo m^t sd diem sau:
- Chgn giong chdng chju tot vdi b?nh bac Id dc dua \'ao gieo cdy d vy miia.
- Tuan thii \ c ky thudt trong bi?n phdp tham canh nhu:
+ Dc dat nhanh myc nen bdn vdi tir 1 5 - 2 0 kg/sdo, ldm ddl phdi du ngau dc trdnh ngd dgc re nliiem benh \'ang la khi Iiia dang de sau tiet lap thu.
+ Nen cay mg dii tudi, chdm bdn sdm vd can ddi tap trung vao giai dogn ddu vy. Nen bdn phdn NPK chuyen diing, phdn cd ham lupng kaly cao, chii y bdn nang dau, nh? cudi. D'u tien bdn kaly cao cho cac gidng hay bj nhiem bac Id.
+ Nhiing chdn rugng hau hay ddn dgm cudi vu: can gidm bdn dgm, bdn tang Ian vd kaly cho cay cimg, la ddy d d bj benh bac la cudi vy. Dac biet gidng chat Iugng n h u B i c thom 7, TIO, Xi 23...
+ Sii dyng bdn phdn cho Iiia chdt Iugng cao, liia lai Id bdn ldt sdu, bdn thuc sdm ngay sau cay 7-10 ngdy: het cd dgm vd
kaly, Khdng bdn kaly giai doan Iiia diing cdi vi cay Igi huy dgng dgm len de bgc la.
B)?n p h a p h d a h p c : Trung tudn thdng 8 cd dgt sau dye than, sau cudn Id hai Ilia, dau thdng 9 cung cd lira sau cudn Id va dye thdn hgi la ddng, khi phun thudc trir sau can bo sung them thuoc phdng chdng bgc Id bdng thuoc Lobo 8 WP; Cuproxat 345 SC;
Sasa 25 WP... . hoac xanlhomic cho nhflng rugng hay bj b?nh va nhirng gidng hay nhiem b?nh bgc Id. Nen pluin phdng benh bac la ngay sau khi cd dgt mua ddng Idn, khi rugng chua xudt hi?n vet b?nh tren Id.
+ Chi phun Ihudc trir benh khi that can thiet bdng thudc Lobo 8 WP; Cuproxat 345 SC; Sasa 25 WP, Slaner 20 WP.
Xanlhomix 20 WP... theo chi dan ciia chuyen nganh bdo ve thyc vat.
Thyc hi?n dugc cac diem tren chac chan da hgn che phan Idn benh bgc Id Iiia, dac biel ddi \ d i Iiia vu miia. Sdn xuat ndng nghiep mudn cd nang sudt cao phdi chii dgng ngay lir ddu vy. Dgc biel benh bgc la khi da xuat hien nidi xir Iy thi bieu qud khdng cao, vi vay chiing la cdn dp dung lien hoan cdc bien phdp ky thugt thdm canh ngay tir ddu vu mdi gidnh dugc Ihang Igi.
Thai Hung Sff KH&CN
BIEN PHAP PHONG TRU MQT SO DOI TU ONG DICH HAI MOI CHO LUA
I. RAY NAU N H O . - Tren bdng Iiia: Xudt hi?n va gay hai 1. Trieu c h u n g gay hai: Iren bdng lir khi Iua tro den khi chin.
- Cd trudng thdnh va au triing chich - Ray xuat hien thi kem theo mdt Idp hut nhua cay tir Libe ciia cay lua. mugi den va phdt triln mdt cdch rdt nhanh,
- Tren Id: Xudt hi?n nhung vit tham Idm cbo cdc gie ciia bdng Iua b i t Igi, khd thirc keo dai, mau sdc la bien ddi (heo, mugi). hi?n qua trinh thy phdn nen ty le hat nep rdt
cao.
-20 THONG TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHi: S 6 02/2012
NGHlfeN CU'U TRAO D 6 | VA P H 6 BIEN KIEN T H U C K H & K T
- Ray tao dieu kien cho mdt sd nam gay benh den Iep hgt xdm nhiem vd phdt triln mdt each rdt nhanh chdng.
- Ray nau nhd cdn la mdi gidi truyen mgt sd benh vius nguy hiem. Benh virus liia spc, vang liin, Iim xoan Id. Ray ndu nhd truyen benh virus theo kieu bin vung. Virus cd the dupc truyen tryc tilp tir riy trudng thdnh sang cdc the he tilp theo.
Tgi Hung Yen, Ra\' nau nhd {L slriateUits) gay hgi chii yeu tren bdng va Id Ilia; chil yeu tren cdc gidng lua Nep thom nh- u: TK 90, N i p 415, N 87. N97. BM9605, Bac tham sd 7.... chung cd xuat hien tren cdc gidng kia kliac nhu: Q5. Khang dan 18, ...
nhung mat do thdp ban tren cdc gidng nep.
2. Bicn p h a p phdng trir ray nau nho:
- Phdng trir ray ndu nhd dgt hieu qua theo hudng ben vihig Id su dung bien phdp phdng trir tdng hgp. uu lien cdc bien phap phi hda hpc, dp dung gidi phdp "3 GIAM 3 TANG", quan ldm chat che ky chii phy ciia chiing nhu ngd, cd dgi... De chii dgng ve sinh ddng rugng. dpn sgch tdn du, ky chii sau nhung vu thu hogch. Ldm the ndo de giam sir dung lupng thudc trir ray nhung van dat hieu qud cao, do la van de dugc ba con ndng ddn rat quan tdm.
D I lam dupc dieu ndy, chiing ta nen thuc hien nhirng dieu sau:
+ Cbi phun thudc khi thyc sy can thiet va nen dimg cac loai thudc cd dp dgc thap de bdo ve thien djch.
+ Khdng gieo, cay qua day,^ vi khi gieo, ciy ddy ddi hdi phdi cung cdp dinh dudng i^ieu dac biet la dgm de cay phdt yiln, dong thdi am do trong rudng cang thich hop de ray phdt trien.
+ Sir dyng thudc trir riy theo nguyen tdc 4 diing.
K i t qua theo doi hieu lyc ciia cdc thudc trir rdy hien nay thi thdy r i n g Ray ndu nhd cd tinh tra thudc r i t cao so vdi ray nau- ray lung trang.
- Ve vi?c chgn Iogi thudc trir ray can luu y khi liia dudi 40 ngdy sau cay va tren rugng cd nhieu ray cdm thi chimg ta nen sir dyng thuoc Butyl 20WP, Actara 25 WG.
Chees 50WG.,. Idm cho rdy chet nhung thudc It dnh Iiudnj^ den ihien dich. Trudng hpp tren rudng cd rdy tuoi 2-3, cd the sir dung Chess 25 WG. Penally Gold 60EC... d l phdng trir.
- Khi viing trdng lua xudt hien benh virus Ilia, ray mang vius gay benh vang liin lui spc den... can kjp thdi ngan chgn kip thdi ray di trii. khdng de phat tan ra dien rdng, ddng thdi ticu buy triet de ngudn benh tren ddng rudng.
II. NHEN G I E I. Trieu c h u n g va tac hai.
+ Tren Id liia: Nhen cu trii va gay hai chil yeu tren gdn chinh cua Id lua. Vet hai ban ddu thudng cd hinh chu nhdt, hinh trdn, tam giac, da giac hay mdt khe ddi rdt nhd mdu vdng nhgt, sau chuyen mdu vdng nau va cudi Cling chuyen mau nau dam "gidng nhu vet cao gid" hay mdu mia tim Hda Binh ta mdi bilt Ilia da bi nhen gie gdy hai, liic ndy nhen cd mat sd rat cao vd chiing da trdi qua 3 - 4 thl he. Chieu ddi vet nhen hgi trong khoang 0,1 - 14,5 em. Khi gan la bj hai ngng cd the lam cho Id Iiia bj gay gap xudng tgi \'et hai Clia nhen hgi.
+ Tren be la Iiia: Nhen xdm nhdp vdo ben trong khoang b? Id de sinh sdng va gay hgi. Khi qudn the tang, chung dye sang cdc khoang ke tiep, do khoang ciia md be va la liia cd hinh chir nhdt nen vet nhen hai bieu hien ra ben ngodi thudng cd hinh chu nlidt tuang ddi dgc tnmg, vet hgi ldn dan len vd lien ket vdi nhau. Ban ddu ciia vet hgi chi 0,1 - 0,5 cm, sau lan ra todn be Id trdng gidng nhu nhirng thdn mia tim, mdu sac vet hgi tir mdu vdng nhat chuyin ddn sang mdu vdng nau, cudi cimg chuyen sang mdu ndu tim.
+ Tren bdng vd hgt: Nhen gie hai ngay tu khi bdng liia cdn nam trong be la ddng.
'• 21 THONG TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE SO 02/2012
NGHIEN ClTU TKAO P Q l VA P H O B I ^ . N KifeN T H U C KH&KT
nhen hgi ndng Idm cho bdng Iiia khdng tin thodt dupc. cd mdu nau hojc tham den, neu bdng Iua da iro thodt dupc cd hinh dgng vCm v?o vd cd mdu ndu ho^c thdm den. Nh?n chui vdo hgt de phd hgi ddi hoa. bao phan, ldm cho hgt khdng thy phan dugc dan d i n Iep hodn todn, hgt biln dang mdo md Iiic ndy vd trau cd mau ndu den. Giai dogn chin stTa. nh?n gd\' hgi lam vd trau cd mau xdm ndu. xdm den. hgt bj Iep lung.
2. Phdng trir:
- Gieo ca\ thdi vy lap trung.
- Lam sgch ky chii phy ciia iih?n gie sau khi thu hogch bing each ca\ Igt ddt sdm de di?t liia chet. Rdl ram rg deu tren rupng de ddt (chu y dot ngugc chieu gid) de bdo v? cdc lodi thien djch tu nhien.
- Ap dyng chuang trinh 3 gidm, 3 lang nhu cay thua vira phdi. bdn phan cdn ddi, hgp - Quan Iy nudc rudng tdt, tranh de rudng khd khi thdy nhen hgi Iua.
- Phun thudc trir nhen gie bang cac Ioai thudc nhu: Kinalux 25 EC, Comite 73 E C . . . khi thdy mdt sd ddnh Iua cd trieu chiing ciia nhen hai.
III. B E N H LUN S O C DEN 1. Trieu chirng va tac hai
Cay Ilia bj benh cd trieu chimg chung Id thap liin. Id xanh dam hon binh thudng. Ld liia bj b?nh cd the xoan d dau la hogc toan bg la. Gan la d mat sau bj sung len.
Khi cay cdn non gdn chinh tren b? Id cung bi sung phdng.
- Tir giai dogn lam ddng vd kht Ilia cd ldng, cay bi benh thucmg nay chdi tren dot than va mgc nhieu re bat djnh. Tren be vd Idng thdn xuat hien nhieu u sap va sgc den.
Bi benh ngng cay Iiia khdng trd bdng dugc hoac tro bdng khdng thoat va hgt thudng bj den.
2. C a c bien p h a p p h o n g tru" benh
2.1. Bi^n phdp phdng b^nh a. V$ sinh dong ru^ng:
V? sinh dong rupng bang cdch cdy viii goc rg d l di?t Iiia chet. lua ldi sinh. dpn sach cd bd rupng, m u a n g dan nudc. ddt dgn tan du Ihirc vgt tir cdy ngd.
b . Phong ngiia ra\ mdi niffi:
" Ne ray:
Fheo ddi bay den dc xdc djnh dinh cao ciia cdc dgt rdy lung trang va cdc loai ray hai liia khdc. Thdi diem gieo ma. cay liia hoac gieo thing cd the nc ray Id khodng 4 - 6 ngay sau dinh cao cua ray vdo den.
* Bdo vc mg:
- Thyc hien gieo mg cd che ny Idng de ket hgp chan rdy vdi chdng ret trong vu Ddng Xuan. Khdng gieo mg d nhung rudng vu trudc cd benh.
- 0 nhiing dia bdn vu trudc liia bj b?nh liin sgc den, xir ly hgt gidng bang thudc hda hpc hogc sinh hpc de tgo sire de khdng cua cay mg ddi vdi ray \ a tien hdnh phun thudc trir rdy cho mg. dimg ihudc ndi hdp.
- Thudng xuyen tham ddng, ket hgp vdi theo doi bay den de dy bdo mat sd ray tren ddng rudng. xet nghiem mau rd) de phat hien ngudn rdy mang vi riit.
* Cdc bien phdp canh tdc:
- Hgn che sir dung nhung gidng Iua da xac djnh nhiem benh ngng. sir dung cac giong khang (chdng chiu) ray hoac it nhiem ray.
- Bdn phan can ddi, dgc biet khdng bdn thira phan dam, dp dung ky thuat "3 gidm 3 tang" hogc SRI d noi cd dieu kien de tang tinh chdng chju cua Iua ddi vdi dich hgi.
- Bd tri c a cau mua vu lua hpp Iy theo hudng gidm ty le trd Iua Xuan sdm, Xuan trung. Bd tri cd thdi gian cdch ly giiia vy
_ 2 2 THONG TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH$ S 6 02/2012
NGHIEN C i r u TRAO D 6 | VA P H O BIEN KIEN T H L T C KH&KT
Xuan vd vy He Thu - Mua tilp theo trong dilu kien khdng lam dnh hudng din thdi vy ciia vy Ddng d l cat cdu ndi truyen benh va cd du thdi gian d l ve sinh ddng rugng.
2.1. C a c bifn p h a p trii- benh u. T r u benh khi liia xuat hicn benh
* Giai dogn liia ttr gieo cay - dting cdi:
- Nhd, \iii nhimg cay liia bj benh, ca\
dam cay lua khde.
- Phun thudc trir ray bang Ioai thudc ndi h i p tren rudng bj benh va nhiing rugng xung quanh.
- Cham sdc de ca\ Iiia mau chdng phyc hdi: bdn can ddi N-P-K, luu y khdng bdn thira dam; khi Iiia chua phuc hdi ra Id mdi, chl nen bdn Ian vd kali.
- Sau khi thu hogch Iua d rudng bj benh tiln hdnh ngay cay viii rudng do de tieu diet triet de mam benh.
* Giai dogn lua tie phdn hoa dong tro' di:
- Nhd, viii nhirng cay liia bj benh.
- Thudng xuyen quan sdt ky rupn^ bi benh lim sgc den d l phdt hien riy lung trang, khi phat hien cd r i y rung tring tiln hdnh ngay phun thudc trir ray d rudng dd vd cac
rupng xung quanh, sii dyng loai tbudc theo thdi ky sinh trudng cua cay Iua:
- Giai dogn lua phdn hda ddng - tro dimg thudc trir rdy ngi bap hogc thudc trir riy tiep xiic, hoac ket hgp.
- Giai dogn sau tro - chin diing thudc trir rdy tiep xuc.
- Cham sdc liia mau phuc hdi bang cdch: Bdn cdn ddi N-P-K, luu y khdng bdn thira dam; khi lua chua phyc hdi ra Id mdi, chi nen bdn ldn va kali.
- Sau khi thu hogch Iua d rugng bi benh lien hdnh ngay cay viii rudng dd.
b. Ticu huy ca rugng Iiia bi benh:
- Tieu hiiy cd rudng lua bj benh chi thuc hien khi rugng Iiia khdng cdn khd nang cho nang sudt (nhiem ngng, khd phuc hdi dupc).
Trudc khi tieu hiiy phun thudc trir ray bing logi thudc tiep xuc.
Tieu hiiy vd tien hanh cay, gieo thing lgi n l u cdn thdi vu. neu het thdi vy trdng cdy khdc (ngogi trir ngd) thay liia neu dilu kien cho phep.
- Tieu buy bing cay viii phdi thyc hien ngay dii khdng cay, gieo lai hoac trdng cay khdc.
T r u o n g Long Sff KH&CN SEN C A Y DU^OC L I E U QUY
Hien nay, dang gi&a mua sen, a cac ao dim sen dang n a do hong dep mat. Nhieu dim sen lira hoa d i u da trut hSt canh dang tro guong sen va hat dang m i y dan. Hoa sen dugc ban nhiSu a cac cho que, guong sen, hat sen dugc b i y ban nhieu it day la mon qua vira ngon, vvra co lgi cho sire khoe. Nguoi gia, tre
em rit thich loai hat sen non, sen banh te nay, an vao no vira co vj ngon ngot, biii bui, pha lan vi chan chat, thom thom rat hap dan. Vira CO tac dung b6i b6, vira co tac dung giai nhiet.
Cay sen ten khoa hgc la Nelumbo nucilera. cay s6ng a ao. ho. dam, re hinh tru 23 THONG TIN KHOA HQC VA CONG NGH$ SO 02/2012