Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trien 2010: Tap 8. s5 6: 861 - 867 TRUONG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQI
BIEN PHAP KY THUAT TACH MAM COI TAI BINH MINH - KIM SON - NINH BINH
Propagation by Separating Sedge Shoots at Kim Son District, Ninh Binh Province Nguyen Tat Canh', Ninh Thj Phip', Vu Dinh Chinh', Hoang Diic Hue"
' Truong Dgi hgc Nong ngliiep Ha Npi 'Trucmg Cao dang Cgng dong Ha Tay Dja chi email tac gia lien lac: «to<7«/7(§/7i/(7.e(ij/.v«
TOM TAT
Cay coi thuoc ho coi Cyperaceae, g i n l i l n vai dd'i s6ng kinh t l - xa hoi cua n h i l u ngu'O'i dan 6"
cac tinh ven b i l n Viet Nam tu" r i t lau. Tuy nhien nh&ng nghien cii'u v l bien phap ky thuat n h i m nang cao nang s u i t va c h i t lipccng coi chu'a du'O'C chu trong nen dien tich nang s u i t giam manh trong nhiJ'ng nam g i n day do khong dap ii'ng du'ccc yeu c l u thj tru'O'ng. Tam thi nghiem v l nhan giong tien hanh tai viing coi Kim Sen - Ninh Binh gop p h i n xay dyng quy trinh tach m i m coi: Nghien cUu anh hu'wng cua (i) Tudi m i m ruong coi gidng; (ii) Phu'cng thiPc tach m i m ; (iii) S6 danh tach; (iv) Chilu cao c l t m i m ; (v) Thai gian bao quan m i m sau tach; (vi) Thcci vu tach m i m ; (vii) S6 la b i c / m l m khi tach;
(viii) Ou-wng kinh m i m coi khi tach. Thi nghiem du'p'c b6 tri theo khdi n g i u nhien d i y du (RCB) vai 3 l l n n h i c lai. K i t qua nghien cu'u da chi ra: Thai vu tach m i m tdt n h i t tii" cudi thang 2 d i n d i u thang 3.
Khi tach m i m nen d l 2 - 4 mim/khom khong tach rai tirng m i m rieng biet. M i m coi khi tach to, map CO du'ang kinh t ^ 3 - 5 mm, m i m co 2 - 3 la b i c da xoe h i n giiip sinh tru'O'ng phat t r i l n khoe, de nhanh tdt. C h i l u cao c l t m i m coi thich hap iit 15 - 30 cm. Sii' dung ruong coi lu'u gdc tu' 2 - 3 nam.
Sau khi tach m i m coi nen trdng ngay. Trong d i l u kien chu'a kjp c h u i n bi d i t , c6 t h i bao quan trong bong mat, giu' I m gdc trong vong 3 ngay khong anh hu-ang d i n sinh tru'O'ng, phat t r i l n ciia cay coi.
TLF khoa: Cay coi, ky thuat tach m i m , Kim San - Ninh Binh.
SUMIVIARY
Sedge herb in Cyperaceae family is associated vi/ith socio-economic life of many people in the coastal provinces of Vietnam since a long time. However, researches on cultural practices to improve productivity and quality of sedge have not been paid much attention. Therefore, the area under sedge and sedge yield significantly reduced in recent years and do not meet the market demand. 8 experiments were conducted at the Kim Son, Ninh Binh aiming at setting up a protocol for propagation of sedge by dividing shoot clumps. The effects of the following factors were studied : (i) the age of sedge shoot (ii) shoot dividing/splitting methods (iii) the number of shoots/cluster; (iv) cutting shoot height; (v) time of preserving the shoot after division; (vi ) Season of dividing shoots;
(vii) number of bracts/shoot when divided; and (viii) diameter of shoot when separated. The experiments were arranged in randomized complete block with 3 replications. It was found that the most suitable time of dividing shoots starts from the end of February to early March. 2-4 shoots per cluster should be retained in a clump. Shoots with diameter from 3-5 mm and 2-3 bracts will provide healthy growrth and good suckering of sedge. The appropriate length divided shoots ranges from 15 to 30 cm. The shoots used for propagation should best be taken from sedge fields 2-3 years of age and after shoot division the materials should be planted immediately for fast establishment. However, divided shoots can be preserved in the shade and moist conditions for about three days without adverse affect the growth and development of sedge.
Key words: Propagation, sedge herb, shoot division.
Kdt qua nghien cuu mdt sd bien phap ky thuat tach mam cdi tai Binh Minh - Kim Scyn - Ninh Binh
1. DAT VAN DE
Cay coi thupc ho coi Cyperaceae, cd ten khoa hpc Cyperus malaccensis Lam, la cay cong nghiep lay spi thu hoach nhieu nam, gSn lien vdi ddi so'ng kinh te - xa hpi ciia nhieu ngUdi dan 6 cac tinh ven bien Viet Nam tU rat lau (Doan Thi Thanh Nhan, 1996). Theo tho'ng ke, hien cay cdi da dUdc trong d 26 tinh ven bien cua nUdc ta nhUng dien tich, san lupng va chat lUpng cdi dang giam sut nhanh chdng mot phan do thieu tien bp ki thuat dupc ap dung (Nguyin Tai Canh va cs., 2008;
Nmh Thi Phi'p va cs., 2008). NguySn Thi Mai va Ninh Thj Phip (2010) cho ring: tren moi doan than ngam cd the hinh thanh khoang 2 - 4 m^m, chieu dai mam cdi tif 3 - 7 cm, mang tU 3 - 6 ddt, mdi doi mang mam cd the hinh thanh mam mdi. Tuy nhien, trong dd chi cd 1 - 2 dot nam d vi tri sat go'c tiem mdi cd kha nang hinh thanh mam. Khi dieu kien thuan lpi, mam nam P vj tri sat gd'c nhai se phat trien trUdc va dam len khoi mat dat tao thanh tiem cdi (gpi la tiem me). Khi tiem me dat chieu cao khoang 35 - 40 cm, cd kha nang hinh thanh mam mdi. Mam nay lai tiep tuc phat trien thanh tiem cdi (gpi la tiem con).
Tiem con nay phat trien va doan than ngam ciia nd lai tao ra mam mdi. Cii nhU the cac tiem cdi mdi dUpc hinh thanh va noi vdi nhau bang cac doan than ngam de tao thanh bui.
So' tiem nhieu hay it, phu thupc vao kha nang tai sinh cua than ngam. Do vay, nghien cdu cac bien phap ky thuat trong dd tach mam cdi la npi dung quan trpng gdp phan lam tang nang suai, phat trien on dinh vung san xuai cdi hang hda cua lang nghe truyen tho'ng (Nguyin Thi Ngpc Hue, 2008).
2. PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
Ddi tUdng nghien cUu la cay coi bong trang dang diing {Cyperus tagetiformis Roxb), nhan gid'ng tai Kim Sdn - Ninh Binh, trong ngay 13 thang 3 nam 2009. Ket qua trinh bay trong thi nghiem la cdi vu mua nam 2009.
Thi nghiem 1: Nghien cUu anh hUdng cua tuoi cay gid'ng den kha nang sinh trUdng phat trien ciia cay cdi.
Thi nghiem gom 5 cong thiic (CT) dUdc bo' tri bao gom CTI: cay gid'ng 1 nam sau trong;
CT2: cay gid'ng 2 nam sau trong; CT3: cay gid'ng 3 nam sau trong; CT4: cay gid'ng 4 nam sau trong va CT5: cay gid'ng 5 nam sau trong.
Thi nghiem 2: Nghien cUu anh hUPng ciia phudng thiic tach mam de'n sinh trUdng phat trien cua cay cdi.
CTI: cay gid'ng de ca khdm (2 danh dinh nhau/khdm); CT2: cay gid'ng tach rdi tUng danh (trong 2 danh rdi/khdm).
Till nghiem 3: Nghien ciiu anh hUdng ciia chieu cao cat mong khi tach m&m den sinh trUPng phat trien cita cay cdi.
CTI: cat each go'c 5 cm; CT2: cSt each go'c 15 cm; CT3: cat each gd'c 30 cm; CT4: cSt each go'c 45 cm; CT5: khdng cat (ddi chiing).
Thi nghiem 4: Nghien cUu anh hUdng cua so' danh tach de'n kha nang sinh trUdng phat trien cita cay cdi.
CTI: tach 2 danh/khdm; CT2: tach 4 danh/khdm; CT3: tach 6 danh/khdm; CT4:
tach 8 danh/khdm CT5: tach 10 danh/khdm.
Thi nghiem 5: Nghien ciiu anh hUdng cita thdi gian bao quan cay gid'ng de'n kha nang sinh trUdng phat trie'n ciia cay cdi.
CTI: tach trong ngay; CT2: bao quan 3 ngay; CT3: bao quan 7 ngay; CT4: bao quan 10 ngay trong dieu kien thUdng (che mat bang la chudi).
Thi nghiem 6: Nghien ciiu anh hUcing cua thdi vu tach mam de'n sinh trUdng phat trien cua 2 gid'ng cdi bong trSng va bdng nau.
CTI: tach 30/2; CT2: tach 30/6; CT3:
tach 30/10.
Thi nghiem 7: Nghien ciiu anh hUdng ciia tuoi mam (so la bac) de'n sinh trUdng phat trien ciia cay cdi.
Tach mam khi cay cd: CTl: 1 la bfic;
CT2: 2 la bac; CT3: 3 la bSc; CT4: 4 la bac;
CT5: 5 la bac.
Nguyin Tat Canh, Ninii Thi Phip, Vu Dinh Chinh. NguySn Van Hue
Thi nghiem 8: Nghien cUu anh hUdng ciia dudng kinh mam cdi khi tach de'n sinh trUdng phat t n e n cua cay cdi.
CTl: dUdng kinh mam 2 mm; CT2:
dUdng kinh mam 3 mm; CT3: dUdng kinh mam 4 mm; CT4: dUdng kinh mam 5 mm;
CT5: dUdng kinh m^m 6 mm.
Tat ca cac thi nghiem tren dupc bo' tri theo khoi ngiu nhien day dii, vdi 3 lan nhac lai, dien tich d thi nghiem la 2 x 2,5 m = 5 m-, chUa ke dai bao ve, cay each cay 20 cm, hang each hang 25 cm, trong 2 danh/khdm. Rieng CT4, trong so' danh/khdm theo cdng thUc thi nghiem.
Cdc chi tieu theo doi
Tong- so' tiem (tiem/m-); ty le tiem hiiu hieu (%); he so' nhan gid'ng (1 m^m /I vu) = tong sd mam/m^ x ty le tiem hUu hieu (bao gom ca than khi sinh) x ty le mam so'ng/tong so mam cay/m".
Nang suat tUdi (ta/ha); nang suai thUc thu (ta/ha); ty le cdi loai 1.
Phuong phdp lay mdu vd xuC ly so lieu La'y mau theo 6 djnh vj, dien tich 6 djnh vj la 40 X 50 cm, moi d dat 3 d djnh vi theo 3 diem cheo gdc. So' lieu thu dUdc x\i ly tren chUdng trinh Excel va IRRISTAT 4,0.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ -
3.1. Anh hu'dng ciia tuoi r u o n g cay giong de'n k h a n a n g sinh tritcfng p h a t t r i e n va n a n g s u a t
Tong so'tiem, so'tiem hUu hieu tang d^n tU CTl (604,17 tiem/m-) de'n CT3 (715.00 tiem/m-) va giam manh d CT4 va CT5.
TUdng tu so' tiem hiiu hieu (538,33 tiem/m-) va ty le tiem hufu hieu cao nhai cung d CT3 (thdi gian luu gd'c cay gid'ng 3 nam) va tha'p nhai d CTl (luu go'c 1 nam). He so' nhan gid'ng d rupng cay luu gd'c 3 nam la cao nhai (13,46) tiep theo la CT2 (2 nam lUu gdc) va tha'p nhai la CTl vdi he so'nhan chi dat 9,58.
Nhu vay, cay cdi giong lay tU rupng coi CO it nam luu gd'c (1 nam) cd so' mam coi tai sinh khdng nhieu do dac diem hinh thanh ciia mdm. O rupng cdi mpt nam, dien tich dai cdn rpng nen cdi tiep tuc sinh trUdng theo chieu ngang, sau dd mdi phat trien thanh tiem, nen he so' nhan gid'ng tha'p.
Tudng tu, d rupng cdi cd so' nam luu go'c nhieu hdn (tren 3 nam), dien tich dai trd'ng cdn it nen so' lUpng mam hinh thanh it hdn, kha nang tai sinh kem, so' tiem tiem hUu hieu tha'p dan de'n he so' nhan gid'ng tha'p. Sii dung rupng cdi 2 - 3 nam lUu go'c (CT3) cho he so' nhan cao nhai.
Nang suai kho va ty le cdi loai 1 cao nhai dat dUdc d CT3, tiep theo la CT2, giam dan d CT4 va CT5, tha'p nhai d CTl. Nhu vay thdi gian luu go'c cay gid'ng co anh hUdng ldn de'n nang suat cdi ciing nhu ty le cdi loai 1. LUu gd'c 2 - 3 nam, cay sinh trUdng phat trien tdt cho nang suai cao, ty le cdi loai 1 cao (Bang 1).
B a n g 1. A n h hxidng ciia t h d i g i a n lifu gdc cay g i d n g de'n m d t so chi t i e u s i n h trifdng p h a t t r i e n va n a n g s u a t c u a cay cdi s a u k h i t a c h m a m
Cong ttiu'c Tong s6 tiem (tiem/m^)
Ty le tiem hi>u hieu
(%) He so nhan Nang suat thifc thu (ta/ha)
Ty le coi loai 1
(%) C T I
CT2 C T 3 C-T4 C T 5
604.17 665,00 715,00 686,67 671,67
63,45 70,67 75,29 65,41 62,28
9,58 11,75 13,46 11,23 10,46
84,60 99,15 109,80 96,90 94,85
33,81 40,34 44,95 39,47 41,06 LSDoos
CV%
2.50 5.00
0.32 4.5
3.67 3,30
1.02 4.50
Ket qua nghien cuu mot so bien phap ky thuat tach m^m cdi tai Binh Minh - Kim Son Ninh Binh
3.2. Anh hiidng c u a phiiofng thiic t a c h m a m d e n sinh triidng p h a t t r i e n va n a n g suat
So' lieu d bang 2 cho tha'y, cay gid'ng de 2 danh dinh lien (CTl), tai thdi diem thu hoach, CO tdng so' tiem (736,67 tiem/m'), sd tiem hiiu hieu (538,33 tiem/m") va ty le tiem hiiu hieu (73,08%) vdi he so' nhan la 13,45 cao hdn h i n so vdi cay gid'ng tach rdi thanh tUng danh de ca'y (CT2).
Do so' tiem hiiu hieu ldn nen nang suai cdi tUdi (510 ta/ha) va nang suat cdi kho (103,5 ta/ha) d CTl cao hdn h i n CT2. Tuy nhien, ty le coi loai 1 d CT2 va CTl chenh lech khong dang ke. Su khac biet kha nang dam tiem d hai cong thiic dUpc giai thich la giiia hai danh cdi la mot doan than ngam mang 2 - 4 mam. Neu 2 danh dinh lien (CTl) thi 2 mam mpc/ddt tiem, neu tach rdi (CT2) chi CO 1 m&m/ddt tiem xua't hien nen he so nhan va nang suat giam.
3.3. Anh hiidng c u a chieu cao cat m a m cdi k h i t a c h m a m d e n s i n h t r i i d n g p h a t t r i e n va n a n g s u a t
Chieu cao cat cdi khi tach mam nhan giong CO anh hUdng rd ret de'n kha nang tai
sinh va sinh trUcing cua mkm cdi. Khong cat mkm (CT5) cd so' tiem vd hieu ldn nhai 230.67 tiem/m-, tiem hutu hieu chiem 64,60%. Cong thiic 3 cd tiem hQu hieu chie'm 75,10%. Ke dd la cac cong thilc 1, 2, 4 cd ty le tiem hiJu hieu lan lUdt 67,87%, 73,66%, 69,53%. CT2 va CT3 cho ty le tiem hiiu hieu cao nhai d cung miic sai so'cd y nghia 0,05.
Chieu cao cfit than khi sinh cd anh hUdng de'n so' tiem va ty le tiem hiiu hieu nen anh hUdng de'n he so' nhan gid'ng. Chieu cao cat than cdi 30 cm (CT3) cho he so' nhan gidng cao n h a i (13,42), tiep den la CT2, CT4, CTl va tha'p nha't la CT5 (10,51).
Kei qua bang 3 cho tha'y, CT3 dat nang suai khd cao n h a i vdi 105,40 ta/ha, cdn CT 1 dat nang suai kho tha'p n h a t vdi 81,25 ta/ha.
Chieu cao c i t than cdi cd anh hUdng de'n nang suai thUc thu va ty le coi loai 1, cit than cdi cao 30 cm cho nang suai thUc thu cao nhat. Cdi loai 1 (>1,65 m) dCing de san xuat cac mat hang thu cong cao cap va xua't khau, CO gia thanh cao. Nam 2009, cdi loai cd gia la 8000 d/1 kg cdi kho. CT2 va CT3 cd ty le coi loai 1 cao nhai (> 43,0%), trong khi dd CTl co ty le cdi loai 1 tha'p nha't (38,10%). Ty le cdi loai 1 cao se co gia tri kinh te cao hdn.
B a n g 2. A n h h u d n g ciia phxidng t h d c t a c h m a m de'n m d t sd c h i t i e u s i n h t r i i d n g p h a t t r i e n va n a n g s u a t ciia c a y cdi
Cong thi>c C T I CT2 LSDo,o5
CV%
Tong s6 tiem (tiem/m^)
736,67 677,50 72,50 7.00
Ty le tiem hOu hieu
(%)
73,08 68,02
He s6 nhan 13,45 11,52 0,45
4,3
Nang suat kho (ta/ha) 103,50 85,50 6.60 5,80
Ty le coi loai 1
(%)
47,78 46,67 0,12
51
Bang 3. Anh hiidng ciia chieu cao cat than khi sinh den mdt sd' chi tieu sinh triidng phat trien va nang suat ciia cay cdi
Cong thi/c Tong s6 tiem (tiem/m^)
Ty le tiem hi>u hieu
(%) He so nhan Nang suat I<h6 (ta/ha)
Ty le coi loai 1 (%) C T I
CT2 C T 3 CT4 C T 5
648,33 702,50 715,00 678,33 651,67
67,87 73,66 75,10 69,53 64,60
11,00 12,94 13,42 11,79 10,51
81,25 96,55 105,40 85,15 82,75
38,17 43,20 43,35 40,31 41,06 LSDo.05
CV%
12.50 7.00
0,52 5.8
6,60 7,80
0.47 3.4
Nguyin Tat Canh, Ninh Thi Phip, Vu Dinh Chinh, NguySn Van Hue
3.4. Anh hiidng ciia sd' danh /khdm de'n kha nang sinh trUdng ya phat trien va nang suat
- CTl va CT2 cd ty le tiem hiiu hieu cao nha't (73,72% va 72,12%). Cong thUc 5 cd sd tiem vd hieu Idn nhai (238,33 tiem/m"), ty le tiem huu hieu tha'p nhai (65,22%). He so' nhan gid'ng dat cao nhai d CTl (10,48), tha'p nhai ci CT5 (2,24). NhU vay, he sd nhan giong giam khi tang so' danh cay/khdm. Ket qua nghien cUu cho tha'y, tang so' danh cay/khdm (6 - 10 danh/khdm), kha nang dam tiem cang giam do canh tranh dinh dUdng va anh sang. Ca'y vdi so' danh viia phai (2 - 4 danh/khom), cay cdi dam tiem va sinh trUdng khde hdn. CT2 cd nang suai cdi kho cao nhat (105,40 ta/ha), tiep de'n la CTl (91,82 ta/ha>. Ty le cdi loai 1 d CTl va CT2 cao nhai (40,18% va 43,95%) va cao hdn 2 - 4% d CT3 va CT5.
Nhu vay, so' danh ca'y tren khom co anh
hUdng de'n he so' nhan, nang suai thUc thu va ty le coi loai 1. Ca'y 2 - 4 danh/ khdm cho nang suat thUc thu cao, he so nhan gidng va ty le cdi loai 1 cao nha't.
3.5. Anh hifdng ciia thdi gian bao quan cay gidng de'n kha nang sinh triidng
phat trien va n a n g suat
Cong thiic 1 cd tong so' tiem hiiu hieu (541,67 tiem/m^) ty le tiem hiiu hieu (73,36%) cung nhU he so' nhan (13,54) dat cao nha't, tiep de'n la CT2, tha'p nhai la CT4 he so'nhan chi dat 11,23. Bao quan mam coi trong thdi gian 3 ngay (CT2) kha nang sinh trUdng cua coi giam khong dang ke. Tuy nhien neii bao quan lau hdn se anh hUdng dang ke den kha nang tai sinh va sinh trUdng cua coi. Nang suat cdi va ty le cdi loai 1 giam manh khi bao quan mam coi dai tU 7 - 10 ngay (CT3 va CT4). Nang suai cua CT4 tha'p hdn CTl de'n 24,3 ta/ha.
Bang 4. Anh hiidng ciia so danh tach de'n mdt sd chi tieu sinh trUdng phat trien va nang suat ciia cay cdi
C6ng thCfc C T 1 C T 2 C T 3 C T 4 C T 5 LSDo.05
CV%
Tong s6 tiem (tiem/m^)
702,55 710,25 685,83 680,67 685,33 12.29
5.90
Ty le tiem hiJu hieu
(%)
72,12 73,72 64,90 65,60 65,22
' • '
He s6 nhan 10,48 . : .6,55 4.22 2,79 2,24 0,86 3,9
Nang suat kho (ta/ha)
91,82 105,40
89,65 86,94 86,36 4,42 2,30
Ty le coi loai 1
(%)
40,18 43,95 39,75 39,72 38,78 1.2 3,5
Bang 5. Anh h u d n g ciia thdi gian bao quan cay gidng de'n mdt sd chi tieu sinh triidng phat trien va nang suat ciia cay cdi . :;
Cong thirc Tong so tiem (tiem/m^)
Ty le tiem hO-u hieu
(%) He so nhan Nang suat kho
(ta/ha)
Ty le coi loai 1 (%) C T I
CT2 CT3 CT4
738,33 725,00 696,67 663,33
73,36 71,03 68,54 67,71
13,54 12,88 11,94 11,23
108,90 107,00 99,60 84,60
44,35 42,06 39,76 37,23
LSDo.05
CV%
11.50 3.00
0.42 3,5
2.42 3.20
0.78 5.7
Ket qua nghien ctiu mot s6 bien phap ky thuat tach mam cdi tai Binh Minh - Kim Son - Ninh Binh
3.6. Anh hiidng ciia thdi vu tach mam de'n sinh tru'dng phat trien va nang suat Thdi vu tach mam khac nhau anh hUdng manh me de'n sinh trudng, phat trien ciia cay cdi, tii dd anh hUdng de'n nang suai cdi thu dUdc. Ket qua 5 bang 6 cho tha'y tong so' tiem, ty le tiem hiiu hieu va he so' nhan (725,00 tiem/m-, 75,29%, 13,45) dat cao nha't ci CTl va cao hdn h i n so vdi CT2 va CT3 3 mUc sai so' co y nghia 95%. Nang suai cdi cung dat dupc cao nhai d CTl (99,81 ta/ha) cao hdn h i n CT2 va CT3. Ty le cdi loai 1 d CTl cung dat cad nha't (44,95%). Kei qua tren cho tha'y trong cdi trong vu xuan vao cuoi thang 2 la thich hdp nhai, khi do nhiet dp tang dan, lUdng mUa tang tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho coi phat trien cac ddt tiem va ty le tiem hiiu hieu tang.
3.7. Anh hiidng ciia tudi mam (sd la bac) de'n sinh triidng phat trien va nang suat Tach mam khi cay co 2 - 3 la bac da md (CT2 va CT3) cd tong so' tiem coi va ty le tiem cdi hufu hieu cao nhai (695,70 tiem/m^
va 665,09 tiem/m"). Ty le tiem hiiu hieu d hai cdng thdc nay cUng dat cao nha't (76,28% va 71,93%). Do dd, he so' nhan gid'ng dat cao
nhai (13,27 va 11,96). Tach khi m i m cdn qua non (CTl) hoac da gia (CT4 va CT5) sd ddt cdi dam tiem giam va d i n den he so nhan va nang suat cdi giam.
Nang suat cdi va ty le cdi loai 1 dat cao nhai d CT2 va CT3, tha'p n h a t la CT4 va CT5 d cung miic sai so' cd y nghia. NhU vay tach m i m cdi khi cay cd 2 - 3 la bac da xde h i n la tdt n h a i (Bang 7).
3.8. Anh hiidng ciia diidng k i n h m a m cdi khi tach d e n sinh triidng phat trien va n a n g suat
Tach m i m cd dUdng kinh tU 3 - 5 mm (CT2; CT3 va CT4) cd tong so' tiem va ty le tiem hUu hieu (675,32 tiem/m'; 685,12 tiem/m- va 686,65 tiem/m^ 73,76%, 75,67%
va 74,88%) cao hdn cac CTl va CT5 Do co tong so' tiem va ty le tiem hiiu hieu cao nen he so' nhan gioiig ci cac cong thdc nay cung cao hdn cac cong thdc cdn lai.
Nang suat thUc thu va ty le cdi loai 1 dat cao nhai d CT2, CT3, CT4 va tha'p nha't d CTl va CT5. Nhu vay, dUdng kinh m i m coi cd anh hUdng ro ret de'n nang suat cdi va ty le cdi loai 1. Chpn mam cd dUdng kinh than tU 3 - 5 mm la thich hdp nha't (Bang 8).
Bang 6. Anh hifdng cua thdi vu tach m a m d e n mdt so' chi t i e u sinh triidng phat trien va nang suat cua cay cdi
Cong thirc CTI CT2 CT3
LSDo.05
CV%
Tong s6 tiem (tiem/m^)
725,00 646,67 621,67 11.25 5,00
Ti-le tiem hu'u hieu (%) 75,29 65,41 62,28
He s6 nhan 13,45 11,48 10,33 0,15 4,5
Nang suit kho (ta/ha)
99,81 90,12 84,84 6,60 4,80
Ty le coi loai 1 (%) 44,95 39,11 41,06 0,76
5,8
Bang 7. Anh hiidng cua tudi m a m khi tach de'n mot so chi t i e u sinh triidng phat trien va nang suat cua cay cdi
Cong thirc C T I CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5
LSDo.05
CV%
Tong so tiem (tiem/m^)
504,19 695,70 665,09 626,62 601,17 12,6 5.00
Ty le tiem hu'u hieu (%) 56,20 76,28 71,93 62,10 57,86
He s6 nhan 7,08 ., ^
•i%0' 11,96
9,73 8,70 0,41 3.2
Nang suki kho (ta/ha)
78,60 86,90 89,80 77,15 79,85 6,60 5,5
Ty le coi loai 1 (%) 33,81 42,47 44,95 37,11 38,06 1.41 2.5
Nguyin Tat Canh, Ninh Thi Phip, Vu Dinh Chinh, Nguyin Van Hue
Bang 8. Anh hifdng cua dUdng kinh mam cdi khi tach den mdt sd chi tieu sinh triidng phat trien va nang sua't cua cay cdi
Cong thirc Tong so tiem (tiem/m^)
Ty le tiem hOu hieu
(%) He so nhan Nang suat kho (ta/ha)
Ty le coi loai 1 (%) C T I
CT2 C T 3 CT4 C T 5
614,17 675,32 685,12 686,65 641,62
64,04 73,76 75,67 74,88 60,52
9,83 12,45 12,96 12,85 9,71
74,61 86,92 89,32 87,11 74,82
33,87 40,45 44,91 39,11 37,12
LSDo.05
CV%
14,50 4,20
0,67 6,5
4,5 5,80
0,56 4,2
4. KET LUAN
Thdi vu tach mam tot nha't tU cudi thang 2 den dau thang 3. Khi tach mam nen de 2 - 4 mim/khdm ban che tach rdi tUng mim rieng biet. M i m cdi khi tach to, map co dUdng kinh tU 3 - 5 mm sinh t r u i n g phat trien khde, dam tiem toi. Chieu cao c i t m i m coi tU 15 - 30 cm. Sti dung rupng coi lUu go'c tU 2 - 3 nam. Tach m i m cdi khi co 2 - 3 la bac da xde han la thdi diem thich hdp de nhan giong. Sau khi tach m i m cdi nen trong ngay. Trong dieu kien chUa kip chuan bi dai, cd the bao quan treng bdng mat, giii am go'c tU 3 ngay khong anh hUdng de'n sinh trUdng, phat trien cua cay cdi.
TAI L I E U
THAM KHAO
Nguyin Tai Canh (2009). Tong quan san xuai coi Viet Nam. Ky yeu Hpi thao "Nganh coi Viet Nam: Hdp tac de tang trUdng". NXB.
Nong nghiep. Ha Npi. Tr. 9 - 22.
Nguyin Thi Ngpc Hue, PRC, VAAS (2009).
Bie'n ddi khi hau va tiem nang sii dung da dang nguon gen cay cdi. Ky yeu Hpi thao "Nganh cdi Viet Nam: Hdp tac de tang trUdng". NXB. Nong nghiep, Ha Npi.
Tr. 37- 44.
Nguyin Thi Mai va Ninh Thi Phip (2010).
Nghien cdu dac diem nong sinh hoc cua mpt so' mau gid'ng cdi tai Nga Sdn - Thanh Hda. Khda luan toi nghiep dai hpc, TrUdng Dai hpc Nong nghiep Ha Npi. Tr.25.
Doan Thi Thanh Nhan va cs. (1996). Giao trinh cay cong nghiep. NXB. Nong nghiep.
Tr. 105 - 106.
Ninh Thi Phip, Nguyin Tai Canh, Nguyin Van Hung (2009). Ky thuat canh tac coi, nhiing bai cap va ky thuat cai tien. Ky yeu Hpi thao "Nganh cdi Viet Nam: Hdp tac de tang trUdng". NXB. Nong nghiep, Ha Noi. Tr.45 - 52.