Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc vi Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-^
BlTC XA MAT TROI VA GIO TAI MOT SO DIA DIEM
• • • • •
TREN LANH THO VIET NAM
SOLAR RADIATION AND WIND AT SEVERAL LOCATIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF VIETNAM
Le Van Luu, Le Vict Huy, Pham Xuan Thanh, Hoang Hai Son
Vien Vat ly Dja ciu
18-Hoang QuIc Viet, Ciu Giiy, H i Ndi Email: bhson(a;igp-vast.vn
Tom tat:
Tir nhirng ndm 70 ciia thi ky truac, du trfr ndng lugng hda thgch tren todn thi giai da ddn cgn kiet, khi diing ndng lirgng do di phdt diin, se phdt thdi khi CO2 vdo khi quyin, Trdi ddt ndng lin, khi hdu bj biin ddi, cdc rid ro cho lodi nguai cdng trdm trgng. Vi vdy, ngay tir ddu nhirng ndm 80, hdu hit cdc nhd khoa hgc trin thi giai, bdt ddu khai thdc cdc sd lieu birc xg Mat trai vd van tdc gid, hiin cd vd td chirc cdc trgm do mdi, vdi thiet bj cd do tin cdy cao, do liin tuc cdc sd lifu birc xg Mat trai tgi mat ddt vd van tdc gid a do cao 60-7Om, di ddnh gid tiim ndng, ndng lugng birc xg Mat trai vd ndng lugng gid cho tuang lai. Tgi Viet Nam, ciing da cd nhiiu di tdi khoa hgc theo hirang nghiin cim trin.
Abstract:
Since 70s of the last century, fossil energy reserves around the world have gradually dried up, when to use that energy for power generation, that energy releases CO2 into the atmosphere causing global warming, climate change and ever-serious risks for mankind. So, right in the early '80s, most of the world's scientists started to explore the available solar radiation data and wind speed, and build new measure stations with high reliability equipment which can continuously measure the solar radiation data at ground level and wind speed at 60-70m high, to evahiate potential solar radiation and wind energies for the future. In Vietnam, there are many scientific topics under the direction of
research.
1. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU VE BlTC XA MAT T R d i
Ngay tir diu nim 1980, Phdng Vit ly Khi quyen d i thyc hien de tai cap Vien Khoa hgc Viet Nam, m i sd 82.49.098, de tii cip N h i nude nghien cim gid thdi ky 1998-2000, cic de tii trong chuong trinh nghien cim co ban,..., de dinh gii ning lugng Birc xa Mat trdi tai mat dit v i gid d do cao 40m tai Binh Djnh. Mdt sd ket qui nghien cim die trung eho Birc xa Mat trdi, gid, dugc trinh biy dudi diy.
1.1. Quan he giira true xa (S) vdi lugng may tren bau trdi (N < 2/10), [2]
Khi lugng miy tren biu trdi N < 2/10, che do phin bd cua Tryc xa (S) phy thude vio do cao Mat trdi (he) v i do trong sudt khi quyin (P). Chi do phan bd Tryc xa (S) tai H i Ndi, duge the hien tren hinh 1.
s(©-) cai cm .phut
1.40
Hinh I. Quan hi giua S{Q)vd'i //© va P
;. 0,722 - 0,764 2. 0,675^ 0,721 3. 0,625 ^0,674 4. 0,550 - 0,624
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 "0 80 90
1.2. Moi quan he giira tong cudng do true xa (S) va thdi gian nang trong thang.
Mdi quan he giira tdng cudng do tryc xa vi tdng thdi gian ning trong thing, tai hai diem Ling va Phii Lien, duge trinh biy qua he sd tuong quan r vi do lech chuin cua be sd tuong quan dr d cic thdi gian khie nhau.
Bdng I. Hi sd tuang quan giira tdng cuang do true xg vd thdi gian ndng vd thai gian ndng trong thdng cua Ldng vd Phii Liin [3].
Ten tram Lang
Phil Lien
Ky quan trac
9g30 12g30 15g30 9g30 12g30 15g30
r 0,85 0,87 0,84 0,89 0,87 0,86
dr 0,05 0,04 0,05 0,04 0,05 0,05
IV r 0,44 0,75 0,78 (0,28)
0,50 0,53
^r 0,15 0,08 0,07 0,21 0,15 0,14
VII r 0,61 0,77 0,78 0,70 0,64 0,54
^r 0,12 0,08 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,14
X r 0,60 0,57 0,67 0,60 0,57 0,67
^r 0,10 0,10 0,09 0,10 0,14 0,14 Ghi chii: r - he sd tuong quan giira y = V S v i x = ^ SS
dr = \\.-v^)/VN - do lech binh phuong trung binh cua r; N- sd nim quan trie 1.3. Moi quan he gifira True xa tu ngoai (Suv), nhin thay (Svi) va hong ngoai (SIR) vdi True xa toan dai phd (S), [4].
Tryc xa phd (Suv), (Svi) va (SIR) SO vdi tryc xa toan dii phd (S) ludn ludn bien ddi theo thdi gian trong ngiy vi cic thing trong nim dugc the hien qua bang 2.
Bdng 2. Ty sd giira Tnrc xg cdc viing phd so vai True xg todn ddi phd Thanh
phan
S i j v / S
Sv/S
S,R/S
Thdi gian 9h30
VI VII VIII IX X 7 8 6 8 48 46 46 39 45 46 48 53
12h30 VI
9 46 45
VII VIII IX X 8 9 7 8 48 47 47 44 44 44 46 48
15h30
VI VII VIII IX X 8 8 7 8 46 46 45 39 46 46 48 53
301
Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8
1.4. Xac dinh he so phuong trinh Angtrdm-Prescott, [5, 10].
Cac tram do birc xa Mat trdi rit it so vdi cic tram do gid ning. Vi viy, eic nhi khoa hgc tren the gidi thudng diing phuong trinh Angtrdm-Prescott de xic djnh tdng xa noi cd do gid nang. Phuong trinh Angtrdm-Prescott dugc bieu dien dudi dang sau:
XdQ XdSS
= a-t-b-
XdQo ZdSSo
Trong dd: ^ dQ - Tdng xa ngiy tai mat dit, ^ dQ - Tdng xa ngiy tai gidi ban tren cua khi quyen, ^ d S S - Sd gid ning trong ngiy, ^dSSf, - Do dai ngay.
Dya tren sd lieu do tdng xa ngay, tai NghTa Dd tir 1983-1986, da xic djnh dugc cac thira sd a vi b.
Bdng 3. Cdc thira sd ciia phuang trinh Angtrotn-Prescott Tac gia
Durand Henry Le Vin Luu
Dia diem Versailles, Phip Congo
NghTa Dd, Viet Nam
Chuoi so lieu 30 nim
6 nim
a 0,22 0,24 0,30
b 0,50 0,50 0,45
a + b 0,72 0,74 0,75
*Ghi chii: tir sd lieu Birc xa Mat trdi de ding chuyen thanh ning lugng Mat trdi 2. VAN TOC GIO VA NANG LUONG GIO TAI BINH DINH
• • • •
Nam 1997, Phdng Vit ly Khi quyen thire hien de in cip Nhi nude ve khio sit gid d do cao 40m, bing thiet bj do hien dai, ed do tin ciy cao vi dugc xir ly sd lieu theo phin mem E- 99800-53 IBM. Cic kit qua dugc trinh biy dudi day, [9].
2.1. Bien thien toe do gid theo thdi gian trong ngay.
Tren hinh 2, dang bien thien tdc do gid trung binh gid, theo thdi gian trong ngiy, eiia eic miia, deu cd dang gidng nhau, nhung khac nhau ve tdc do. Tir 0 gid den 8 gid sing, ve miia He vi thdi ky chuyen tiep, tdc do gid dao ddng tir 3,5-3,8m/s.
Ve miia Ddng, eiing khoing thdi gian neu tren, tdc do gid xip xi 6,0m/s. Tu 11 gid den 19 gid, eiia miia He vi thdi ky ehuyen tiep tdc do gid ting din len tir 4,4-6,3 m/s. Ve miia Ddng, tdc do gid tang din tir 6,5-8,0 m/s, sau giim din xudng cdn 6,3 m/s.
V(m,'s)
Clor 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Miia He
Chuyen tiep Miia Dong
Hinh 2. Bien thien tdc do gid trung binh gia trong ngdy (tai do cao 40m)
1.1. Bien thien trong nam.
tdc do gid theo thdi gian Tren hinh 3, dudng cong bien thien tdc do gid trung binh trong nim, ed cyc dai ldn nhit vao thing 12 va cyc dai phu vao thing 7, cd hai eye tieu vio thing 5 vi thing 9. Nhu viy, tua bin phit dien manh nhit hi giira thing 10 den thing 6 nim sau. Thing 4, 5 vi 9, 10 Uia bin phit dien thip.
Hinh 3. Bien thien tdc do gid trung binh thdng
trong ndm
2.3. Tan suat cac hudng va tdc do gid cua chiing.
Tai Phude Hoa, Binh Djnh, ed ba gdc hudng chii yeu, hudng SW-NW chiem 53,5%, tdc do dao
ddng tir 2,7 den 3,7m/s. Gdc NW-NE chiem "'•
26,1%, tdc do dao dgng tir 3,5-5,7 m/s. Gdc hudng ENE-SSW chilm 19,4%, tie do dao ddng tir 3,0-5,0 m/s. Khoing thdi gian cdn lai 1,0%, tdc do gid yeu vi ling gid, (hinh 4).
Hinh 4. Tdn sudt vd tdc do ciia cdc hic&ng gid.
2.4, Duong cong phan bd cac cap tdc do gid (phan bd Weibull).
Tdc do gid li dai lugng ngiu nhien. Dudng cong phin bd cic eip tdc do gid khdng ddi xiing, duong. Him phin bd Weibull duge xic djnh theo edng thirc sau:
North NNB NB HNB B ESB SB SSB S SSW SW
wsw w
WNW NW NNW CALM
12.193 4.430 3.6N 1J31 1J2S 1.161 2.961 8.470 2.712 1J03 2.71&
9.688 21-7S3 1S.099 3.2S9 l.%7 0.818
S.l 5.7
sa
4.1 3 5 3-6 A J 5JJ 3.7 3J0 2.7 3J0 3 * 3.7 3 i 3 3
f(v)^
^kYv^
k-1\CJ ycj exp ^v^
vc;
Trong do: k li tham sd hinh dang, c la tham sd ty le, v li tdc do gid trung binh, v >0, c>0, k>0. Dya vio sd lieu do tdc do gid d do cao 40m, tir 5/1998 den 4/2000, da xic djnh dugc tham sd c, k, eiing vdi eic die trung Ps/A (Mat do ning lugng gid),VMAx (Tdc do gid mang ning lugng ldn nhit), VMP (Tdc do gid cd xic suit ldn nhit), <V> (Tdc do gid trung binh), vi a (Do lech binh phuong trung binh), (xem binh 5).
2.5. Tinh tdng dien nang trong nam theo tdc do gid trung binh nam.
Dya vio sd lieu do, d 4 do cao 10m, 20m, 30m vi 40m de tinh profile thing dimg cua tdc do gid, d do eao 60m,V6o= 6,5 m/s [6, 7, 8]. Theo cdng thiic Betz [11], tdng dien ning trong nim dugc tinh theo cdng thirc sau: E = 0,37x V xSxT, trong dd p/2= 0.37, p li mat do khdng khi, v li tdc do trung binh
nim, S la dien tich quet cua roto, T = 8740 gid. Khi diing tua bin VESTAS(V9o-l,8MW) (S = 6362 m^), tdng dien ning li E = 0,37 x 274,6x6362x8740 = 5.637.800 kWb/nim. Nlu diing 1400 tua bin VESTAS(V9o-l,8MW), ting dien ning cua chiing li: EHOO = 5.637.800 X 1400 = 7.949 trieu kWh/nim. Trong khi do tdng dien ning Nha miy Thuy dien Hoi Binh phit trong nim 2002 li 8.196 trieu kWh/nim (Bio Hi Ndi Mdi, ngay 01/03/2003).
2.6. Danh gia kha nang phat dien gid tai Viet Nam.
Tir phin 2.5, cho thiy tai Binh Djnh cd khi ning phit dien
<o-
•a o
28.0 n 24.0 - 20.0 - r 16.0 -
a.
o u u
3
u X
12.0 -
Pa /A = 188.2W/m^
V 8.80m/s
'rrp ~
1 3 3 - p c r(i + - )
2 k c(l + - )
k
c ( l - - ) k
I I I ' I '
6 8 10 12 14 16
Tdc do gid (m/s)
Weibull Rayleigh
Hinh 5. Dd thj hdm phdn bd Weibull vd Rayleigh, vai cdc hi sd Weibull (c = 6.226' k
^2.001)
Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8
gid tdt (v = 6,5 m/s). Theo bin dd phin eip cic cip tdc do gid cua WMO d do cao 50m. tai khu vyc Binh Djnh, tdc do gid trung binh dat 7,0m/s. [12]. Theo atlat tdc do gid ciia True Wind Sollutions LLC, dinh gii tiem ning cdng suit dien gid tai Viet Nam [13].
Bdng 4. Tiem ndng cdng sudt irng vdi cdc cdp tdc do gid Cac dac trimg
Dien tich (km^)
% tren dien tieh dit
Tiem ning edng suit (MW)
Gid yeu
<6m/s 197.342
60,6%
Khdng diing
Kha (6-7m/s)
100.361 30,8%
401.444
Manh (7-8m/s)
25.679 7,9%
102.716
Rat manh (8-9m/s)
2.187 0,7%
8.748
Cue manh
>9m/s 113 qui nhd
452
3. TRIEN VONG PHAT TRIEN DIEN BlTC XA MAT TROI VA DIEN GIO 6 VIET NAM
Tai hdi thio ve phit trien dien gid tai Viet Nam, ngiy 25/2/2004, tii lieu "Sir dung dien gid, mdt bien phip tdt nhit de tiet kiem ning lugng hoi thach, bio ve mdi trudng va phit triln ben vimg", di dugc giri tdi PTT. Pham Gia Khiem, UVBCT. Truong Tin Sang, BT. Hoing Trung Hii, thing 4-2005, da cd nhirng nhin xet tdt vl phit triln dien gid d Viet Nam. Kit qui de in gid tai Binh Djnh, da duge eic cdng ty Cdng ty Tomen (Nhit Ban) nim 1999, Cdng ty diu tu vi phit trien ning lugng Viet Nam (2000), Cdng ty TNHH European Provider Network GimbH (Dire) nim 2006 dugc sir dung dl lip du in khi tbi xiy lip dien gid tai Binh Dinh.
Quyet djnh sd 130/2007/QD-TTg eua Chinh phii vi cic quylt djnh tilp theo eua cic Bd li CO sd phip ly khuyen khich phit trien dien gid tai Viet Nam.
Viet Nam nim trong khu vyc gid miia nhiet ddi ed du dilu kien dk phit triln dien Mat trdi vidien gid, [1].
4. LOfI CAM ON
Cic tic gii xin cim on Chuong trinh nghien cim khoa bgc co bin da ho trg kinh phi cho mdt sd de tii nghien cim Biic xa Mat trdi vi nghien ciiu gid. Cim on GS. VS. Nguyen Vin Hieu da quan tim vi tao dieu kien thuin lgi cho dl in nghien ciiu gid tai Binh Djnh (1998- 2000). Cudi ciing xin cim on GS. TS. Nguyen Dinh Xuyen di tryc tilp giii quylt cic khd khin trong qui trinh thyc hien de in gid.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Trin Huy Kbang, "Phdn viing Birc xg Mat trai tren lanh thd Viet Nam". D I tii thudc chuong trinh ning lugng 10.05, thdi ky 1981-1985, trang 38-60.
2. Trin Huy Khang, Le Vin Luu, "Birc xg true tiip ciia Mat trai tgi Hd Ndi". Tap chi Cic Khoa bgc Trii dit, sl 4, tip 15, 1993, trang 118-124.
3. Trin Huy Khang, Le Vin Luu, "Phdn bd True xg Mat trai tren ddng bdng Bdc Bd Viet Nam ". Tap chi Cic Khoa hgc Trai dit, sl 1, tip 16,1994, trang 37-44.
4. Le Vin Luu, "Mdt sd kit qud nghiin ciru Birc xg Mat trai tgi Viet Nam ".Tap chi Cac Khoa hgc Trii dit, sl 1, tip 18,1996, trang 20-26.
5. Le Vin Luu, "Sir biin ddi cdc yeu td Birc xg Mat trai vd img dung ciia chimg".
Thinh tyu nghien cim Vit ly Dja ciu 1987-1997. N h i xuat bin Khoa hgc Ky thuat H i Ndi.
6. Le Vin Luu, Le Viet Huy, Pham Xuin Thinh, Hoang Hai Son, "Profin tdc do gid theo chiiu cao trong lap khdng khi sdt ddt, khu vuc Phuac Hda-Binh Dinh ". Tap chi cic khoa hgc v l Trii dit. S l 3 (tip 24). 2002. Trang 233-238.
7. Le Vin Luu, Le Viet Huy, Pham Xuin Thanh, Hoing Hii Son,"Profin tdc do gid theo chiiu cao trong ldp khdng khi sdt ddt vi miia Ddng, khu vuc Phuac Hda-Binh Dinh vd ung dung". Tap chi cic khoa hgc ve Trii dit. Sd 2 (tip 25). 2003. Trang 123-128.
8. Le Vin Luu, Le Viet Huy, Pham Xuin Thinh, Hoing Hii Son, "Profin tdc do gid theo chiiu cao trong lap khdng khi sdt ddt thai ky chuyin tiip, khu vuc Phuac Hda- Binh Dinh vd irng dung". Tap chi cic khoa hgc ve Trii dit. Sd 1 (tip 27). 2005. Trang 27-31.
9. Le Vin Luu va nnk, "Ddnh gid khd ndng phdt diin gid cdng sudt lan tgi Binh Djnh ".
Tuyen tip cic cdng trinh nghien cim Vit ly Dja ciu nim 2008. N h i xuit bin Khoa bgc ty nhien va Cdng nghe- H i Ndi 2008. Trang 275-288.
10. L.P.Ouedraogo, B.G.Ouedraogo, Ch.M.Baldy.6.1981."Premieres donnec's sur Rayonnem- ent Global et la duree d'insolation en haute-volta. la Meteologie N-25 Juin 1981, p 123-133.
11. Jean Mare Pages, "Manuel priliminaire de I'itude d'impact des pare ioliens".
Ademe 11/2000. p. 15.
12. WMO, "Meteorological data aspect of the utilization of wind as a energy source".
WMO. No575. Geneva. 1981. (Map).
13. True Wind Solutions, LLC, "Wind Energy Resourse Atlas of Southeast ASIA", September, 2001. Albany, New York. P. 17, Map 4.1.
